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  • Elsevier  (5)
  • Springer  (2)
  • 1
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    Long-term records of hard-bottom communities in the southwestern Baltic Sea reveal the decline of a foundation species (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0272-7714
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0015
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
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    How Do Geological Structure and Biological Diversity Relate? Benthic Communities in Boulder Fields of the Southwestern Baltic Sea (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-07
    Description: Environmental factors shape the structure and functioning of benthic communities. In coastal zones of the southwestern Baltic Sea, boulder fields represent one of the most productive habitats, supporting diverse benthic communities that provide many ecosystem services. In this study, the influence of the geological characteristics of boulder fields on the biodiversity of associated hard-bottom communities was investigated at two different spatial scales (few kilometers and tens of kilometers). The analyses on overall richness (taxonomic and functional) and community composition revealed how: (i) locally the size of boulders and (ii) regionally site-specific factors like the boulder density distribution and the sediment distribution can act as environmental driving forces. The overall richness of assemblages was shown to increase with increasing surface area of boulders, by up to 60% for species and up to 40% for functional richness. At both investigated scales, differences in compositional variability (β diversity) of the communities were detected. Locally, smallest boulders hosted more variable communities (β diversity up to 2 times higher), while at the regional level, indications of a larger habitat heterogeneity featuring the highest β diversity were observed. This study exemplifies how geological habitat characteristics shape the biodiversity of boulder field communities. The obtained information could be considered in assessment strategies, in order to avoid misclassifications of habitats naturally limited in biodiversity, making a step forward to the desired objective of protecting, conserving, and managing boulder field communities in the study area and at other comparable sites.
    Print ISSN: 1559-2723
    Electronic ISSN: 1559-2731
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    Long-term records of hard-bottom communities in the southwestern Baltic Sea reveal the decline of a foundation species (2019)
    Elsevier
    In:  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 219 . pp. 242-251.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Highlights • Records of hard-bottom communities show regional differences in community dynamics. • Regionally, signs of regime shift were detected. • Shift can be explained by the decline of the foundation species Mytilus sp. • Modelling process revealed three environmental variables explaining the decline. • Regional differences in larval dispersal could explain contrary Mytilus recoveries. Abstract Ecological processes modulate ecosystem functioning and services. Foundation species are those exerting intense control on such processes as both their existence and loss have profound implications on the structure of ecological communities. For the distinction between random fluctuations and directional regime shifts in community composition, long-term records are of strategic need. In this study we present the monitoring of benthic hard-bottom communities over 11 years along seven stations in the SW Baltic Sea. Regional differences were found between the communities of Kiel and Lübeck bights, with the former area displaying signs of regime shift. The decline and near disappearance of the foundational species Mytilus edulis from settlement panels deployed in Kiel Bight correlated with three environmental variables: sea surface temperature, water current speed and chlorophyll a concentration. Thus, low spring temperatures, in some cases reinforced by local maxima of chlorophyll a, correlated with reduced recruitment of Mytilus. Moreover, regional differences of larval dispersal and population connectivity could explain the rapid recovery after disturbance of the mussel populations in Lübeck Bight in contrast to Kiel Bight. Our findings underscore the relevance of long-term monitoring programmes to detect the interactive impacts of global climatic and regional environmental drivers.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Effects of temperature on carbon circulation in macroalgal food webs are mediated by herbivores (2019)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 166 (12). Art.Nr. 158.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Warming is one of the most dramatic aspects of climate change and threatens future ecosystem functioning. It may alter primary productivity and thus jeopardize carbon sequestration, a crucial ecosystem service provided by coastal environments. Fucus vesiculosus is an important canopy-forming macroalga in the Baltic Sea, and its main consumer is Idotea balthica. The objective of this study is to understand how temperature impacts a simplified food web composed of macroalgae and herbivores to quantify the effect on organic carbon storage. The organisms were exposed to a temperature gradient from 5 to 25 °C. We measured and modeled primary production, respiration, growth and epiphytic load on the surface of Fucus and respiration, growth and egestion of Idotea. The results show that temperature affects physiological responses of Fucus and Idotea separately. However, Idotea proved more sensitive to increasing temperatures than the primary producers. The lag between the collapse of the grazer and the decline of Fucus and epiphytes above 20 °C allows an increase of carbon storage of the primary productivity at higher temperatures. Therefore, along the temperature gradient, the simplified food web stores carbon in a non-monotonic way (reaching minimum at 20 °C). Our work stresses the need of considering the combined metabolic performance of all organisms for sound predictions on carbon circulation in food webs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Monitoring biofouling as a management tool for reducing toxic antifouling practices in the Baltic Sea (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Over two million leisure boats use the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea for recreational purposes. The majority of these boats are painted with toxic antifouling paints that release biocides into the coastal ecosystems and negatively impact non-targeted species. Regulations concerning the use of antifouling paints differ dramatically between countries bordering the Baltic Sea and most of them lack the support of biological data. In the present study, we collected data on biofouling in 17 marinas along the Baltic Sea coast during three consecutive boating seasons (May–October 2014, 2015 and 2016). In this context, we compared different monitoring strategies and developed a fouling index (FI) to characterise marinas according to the recorded biofouling abundance and type (defined according to the hardness and strength of attachment to the substrate). Lower FI values, i.e. softer and/or less abundant biofouling, were consistently observed in marinas in the northern Baltic Sea. The decrease in FI from the south-western to the northern Baltic Sea was partially explained by the concomitant decrease in salinity. Nevertheless, most of the observed changes in biofouling seemed to be determined by local factors and inter-annual variability, which emphasizes the necessity for systematic monitoring of biofouling by end-users and/or authorities for the effective implementation of non-toxic antifouling alternatives in marinas. Based on the obtained results, we discuss how monitoring programs and other related measures can be used to support adaptive management strategies towards more sustainable antifouling practices in the Baltic Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Cleaning up seas using blue growth initiatives: Mussel farming for eutrophication control in the Baltic Sea (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Eutrophication is a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems globally with pronounced negative effects in the Baltic and other semi-enclosed estuaries and regional seas, where algal growth associated with excess nutrients causes widespread oxygen free “dead zones” and other threats to sustainability. Decades of policy initiatives to reduce external (land-based and atmospheric) nutrient loads have so far failed to control Baltic Sea eutrophication, which is compounded by significant internal release of legacy phosphorus (P) and biological nitrogen (N) fixation. Farming and harvesting of the native mussel species (Mytilus edulis/trossulus) is a promising internal measure for eutrophication control in the brackish Baltic Sea. Mussels from the more saline outer Baltic had higher N and P content than those from either the inner or central Baltic. Despite their relatively low nutrient content, harvesting farmed mussels from the central Baltic can be a cost-effective complement to land-based measures needed to reach eutrophication status targets and is an important contributor to circularity. Cost effectiveness of nutrient removal is more dependent on farm type than mussel nutrient content, suggesting the need for additional development of farm technology. Furthermore, current regulations are not sufficiently conducive to implementation of internal measures, and may constitute a bottleneck for reaching eutrophication status targets in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Historic variation of trace elements in pinnipeds with spatially segregated trophic habits reveals differences in exposure to pollution (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Marine mammals and the ecological functions they provide to coastal and pelagic ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the intensification of anthropogenic impacts. The Uruguayan coastline throughout the 20th century, like other coastal environments worldwide, has been the sink of a variety of trace metals derived from the rapid urbanization and industrialization of related land areas. This coastline is inhabited by two species of pinnipeds trophically and spatially segregated. Otaria byronia feeds in coastal environments while Arctocephalus australis preysmainly offshore. The present study aimed to analyze historic changes in concentrations of trace elements in teeth of both species from 1941 to the present day. We analyzed the dentin of 94 canine teeth using stable isotope analysis (delta C-13) and ICP-MS to determine their feeding areas and the concentration of 10 trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) respectively. The concentration of Cr was significantly higher during '70-'80s, in both species coinciding with tannery industry development. Both species of pinnipeds have been differentially exposed to trace elements depending on their feeding area. A pelagic diet, possibly based on squid, increased the concentration of Cd in A. australis, while O. byronia has been more exposed to anthropogenic Pb and Cu associated to a costal and more benthic diet. Our results highlight dentin as a reliable matrix for historic studies on the exposure to trace elements. In light of our results, the O. byronia's declining population could be the result of the synergistic effects of trace elements together with other ecological pressures faced in their environment.
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