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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 8 (1995), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: predator ; behavior ; vibrations ; searching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations of search behavior in the predatory stinkbugPodisus maculiventris (Say) suggested that vibrations produced by prey as they chew on leaves may be an important cue used by this predator to locate prey. To test this hypothesis, studies were conducted to determine ifP. maculiventris search and make directional choices in response to vibrational stimuli produced by feeding green cloverworms,Plathypena scabra (F.), and to recordings of chewing vibrations. Modified soybean plants [Glycine max (L.)] were used in Y-choice tests. Individuals exposed to vibrational signals finished trials significantly more often on branches through which vibrations entered the plants than on no-stimulus branches. Also, a significantly higher proportion of individuals that initially moved onto branches with no stimulus reversed course than did those moving up branches with vibrational stimuli. The response ofP. maculiventris individuals to vibrational signals produced by a common prey species demonstrates that these predators are capable of using substrate-borne vibrations as cues for prey location.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 29 (1985), S. 323-334 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The dune wintergreen (Pyrola rotundifolia ssp.maritima) is an evergreen perennial herb which has spread extensively in recent decades to, and on, various British dune systems including Braunton Burrows, N. Devon. Its multiplication is partly vegetative, by rhizomes bearing leaf rosettes. This study primarily concerns the relation between: (i) the growth of one particular invasive colony on Braunton Burrows, as shown by the numbers of living rosettes counted at midsummer from 1964–74 inclusive; and (ii) concurrent meteorological records made nearby. Monthly weather means were calculated on various quarterly bases. After de-trending thePyrola data statistically, correlations were sought between the growth in numbers achieved in each year and the local air temperature (three bases), rainfall and duration of bright sunshine. While the annual increase in net numbers appears to have been unaffected by sunshine hours, this increase does seem to have been much diminished by cold nights, particularly in early spring and, though less strongly so, by low rainfall in the latter part of the preceding summer. Taking account of the performance ofPyrola in other habitats on the Burrows, it is suggested that the rainfall correlation may reflect the influence of atmospheric humidity rather than water supply to the roots. Local meteorological records over a 51-year period show combined temperature and rainfall conditions consistently favourable toPyrola growth throughout a 5-year run to a degree which might be expected to occur in only three such runs out of every hundred. The favourable period (1957–61) occurred between the inferred first occurrence ofPyrola on the Burrows and its observed rapid spread.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 509-519 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; 11-dodecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Trichoplusia ni
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Female cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni, from laboratory colonies initiated from three locations across the United States emitted similar quantities and blend ratios of the six known pheromone components. In contrast, females from a long-established laboratory colony emitted a greater proportion of four of the five minor components relative to the major component, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate; only the relative proportion of 11-dodecenyl acetate was similar in all of the populations sampled. Females from this population emitted (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate at a rate similar to that from females from field-collected colonies. Within each population there were highly significant correlations among the quantities of pheromone components of similar molecular weights. Correlations between components of different molecular weights were not as great, but often were significant. Similarities of blend ratios among field populations may indicate that the chemical signal in this species is conservative. The difference of the blend ratios in our laboratory population from the other populations may indicate a decrease in the intensity of selection pressure that usually would maintain these values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Sediment cores collected from several lakes in northern Canada have been analyzed for mercury and several other chemical contaminants. Sites ranged from the Experimental Lakes Area of northwestern Ontario, north to Cornwallis Island, and west to the southern Yukon. Cores were sliced at sites of collection and individual slices were freeze dried and analyzed for Pb-210 and Cs-137 to estimate average time intervals of deposition. The earliest date estimated by Pb-210 was about 1850, and mercury concentrations in some lakes were clearly increasing before then, assuming no vertical movements of mercury within the sediments. Extrapolation of dates downward to deeper slices, assuming a constant sedimentation rate, indicated that in some lakes mercury inputs increased slowly even in the 1500's, more rapidly after 1750, and more rapidly yet over the current century. These increases are interpreted as increased fluxes of mercury to the lakes as a result of long-range transport of atmospheric mercury, since there are no local industrial sources of mercury. Slices taken near the bottom of a core are taken to estimate the geological component while elevations in excess of that in surface slices are taken to represent contamination from fallout. This partitioning suggests that sediments in the eastern Northwest Territories are dominated by pollution, while those from the western Northwest Territories are influenced more by their geological settings. Two cores from Hudson Bay suggest that mercury is increasing there too, but has not yet exceeded geological sources. Mercury shows little or no tendency to decline in the most recent slices; indicating that inputs of mercury remain at or near their historical maxima. Given relatively high and continuing inputs of mercury to northern lakes it seems likely that some portion of that mercury may find its way into the food chain, hence the long-term prospect is for increasing levels of mercury in northern fish.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 15 (1979), S. 365-375 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On montre pour des matériaux fragiles comment la probabilité de ruine dans une structure non homogène et soumise à contrainte peut être estimée à partir de la connaissance de la population prévue de défauts et d'un critère de rupture locale mettant en relation la contrainte locale à la ruine avec la dimension d'un défaut. On tient compte de la possibilité qu'un échantillon du matériau ne contienne pas de défaut de sorte que la ruine est causée dans ce cas par un autre mécanisme. On montre que la théorie présentée est en étroite relation avec la théorie classique de Weibull. De plus, on démontre qu'il est possible de tenir compte d'incertitudes quant à la mise en charge, telles qu'elles sont rencontrées en pratique. Comme exemple d'un état de contrainte inhomogène, on a considéré la flexion pure d'une poutre dans le détail. Une telle analyse offre une méthode expérimentale appropriée à la détermination des caractéristiques de défaut d'un matériau. On montre qu'un contrôle de l'exactitude est possible en faisant une estimation expérimentale de la distribution des défauts susceptibles d'entraîner la ruine, et en comparant cette distribution avec une prédiction théorique.
    Notes: Abstract For brittle materials it is shown how the probability of failure of an inhomogeneously stressed structure can be estimated from a knowledge of the expected defect population and the local fracture criterion relating the local stress for failure to the defect size. Account is taken of the possibility that a sample of material contains no defects so that failure is then caused by another mechanism. It is shown that the theory presented is very closely related to the classical theory of Weibull. Furthermore it is demonstrated how account may be taken of loading uncertainties which are experienced in practice. As an example of an inhomogeneous stress state, the pure bending of a beam has been considered in detail. Such an analysis offers a convenient experimental method of determining the defect characteristics of a material. It is shown that a consistency check is possible by estimating experimentally the distribution of failure-initiating flaws and comparing it with a theoretical prediction.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied spectroscopy 24 (1976), S. 32-35 
    ISSN: 1573-8647
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: head injury ; uridine ; hypoxanthine ; xanthine ; ventriculostomy ; hydrocephalus ; lumbar spinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of head-injured patients reveals that the concentration of intraventricular xanthine is elevated and that of uridine is decreased relative to those of adult lumbar CSF. 2. No correlations were observed between CSF lactate and CSF hypoxanthine, xanthine, or uridine, suggesting that changes in purine metabolites and the pyrimidine nucleoside do not index similar cellular events as does lactic acid production. 3. Ventricular CSF from hydrocephalic infants had uridine and hypoxanthine concentrations not significantly different from those of normal adult lumbar CSF, but xanthine was significantly elevated. 4. Since uridine has anticonvulsant properties and is a crucial substrate for cerebral metabolism, it may be useful to evaluate this pyrimidine for use in the management of patients with head injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 26 (1965), S. 114-120 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei Methoden fur das Sammeln von Bevölkerungen von Süß-wasser-Schnecken werden beschrieben; die eine ist eine Modifikation des bekannten “Ekman Greifers” und die andere ist ein Stahl-Röhren Sammler.
    Notes: Summary Two techniques for sampling aquatic snail populations in freshwater habitats are described, one being a modification of the wellknown Ekman grab and the other a steel tube sampler.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 30 (1977), S. 527-545 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Employing in situ SCUBA methods a seasonal carbon budget has been established for aLaminaria saccharina population in a Scottish sea-loch. Concurrent studies of photosynthesis, secretion rates, reserve fluctuations and frond growth were undertaken. Net annual production is in excess of 120 g C m−2 yr−1. Over 13% of gross carbon input is released as extracellular secretions (over 30% in autumn) and 40–50% is lost by distal decay, entering detrital food chains. The large concentrations of laminarin, synthesised in summer months, are nearly all lost in autumn-winter distal tissue loss and therefore not available for early spring growth.
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