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  • pharmacokinetics  (10)
  • nitrogen  (9)
  • Noctuidae  (8)
  • Springer  (27)
  • Copernicus
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  • Springer  (27)
  • Copernicus
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride in normal young and elderly subjects and elderly hypertensive patients (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; amiloride ; hydrochlorothiazide ; young ; elderly ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; volunteers ; patients ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six normal young and six normal elderly volunteers and six elderly hypertensive patients took part in an acute and chronic dose study of a combination capsule containing atenolol (50 mg), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg) and amiloride (2.5 mg) designed for the treatment of hypertension. No difference in any of the drug pharmacokinetic parameters could be detected between the hypertensives and the normal elderly subjects. The bio-availability and the 24-h blood concentrations of all three drugs, half-life of atenolol and amiloride and the peak concentration of hydrochlorothiazide was significantly greater in the elderly. The 24-h blood concentrations of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide did not alter with chronic dosing, but amiloride concentrations were significantly higher at this time in all groups. A significant fall in the blood pressure was observed in the hypertensive group. Heart rate fell more in the normal and hypertensive elderly subjects than in the young. The combination has shown to be an effective and well tolerated antihypertensive in the elderly patient with a 24-h duration of action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609957
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of methocarbamol in renal insufficiency and normals (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 193-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: methocarbamol ; haemodialysis ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We determined plasma methocarbamol concentrations over 24 h following a 1.5 g methocarbamol dose (off-dialysis day) to 8 chronic haemodialysis patients and compared these results to those from 17 healthy male volunteers. The harmonic mean elimination half-life was similar between the two groups, 1.24 and 1.14 h, respectively. tmax and the weight-adjusted Cmax were 1.1 h and 27.0 mg · m−1 for haemodialysis patients and 1.1 and 23.1 mg · l−1 for normals. Relative systemic availability was assessed by comparing weight-normalized AUC × k10 products. These results indicate no significant differences with respect to methocarbamol absorption, with the relative systemic availability in patients being 113%. These data suggest that absorption and elimination of methocarbamol is similar between normal subjects and patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280060
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deepwater sediments and trophic conditions in Florida lakes (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 597-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: eutrophication ; diagenesis ; sediments ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sediment cores were taken from near maximum depth in 15 Florida lakes representing a wide range of trophic conditions. Chemical analyses of surface sediments showed Al, Fe, and Ca to be the most abundant elements in all samples, and the ratio of Al to Ca to be smaller for eutrophic lakes. Sediment organic matter increased with trophic state, as did the degree to which it was enriched in nitrogen. Corresponding sediment C/N ratios decreased with increasing lake trophic state and showed significant negative correlation with chlorophyll a, total N, and total P in the water column. Concentrations of sedimentary chlorophyll derivatives showed some relation to trophic state but differences in basin morphometry hinder its use as an inter-lake index of chlorophyll production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000058
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deepwater sediments and trophic conditions in Florida lakes (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 597-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: eutrophication ; diagenesis ; sediments ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sediment cores were taken from near maximum depth in 15 Florida lakes representing a wide range of trophic conditions. Chemical analyses of surface sediments showed Al, Fe, and Ca to be the most abundant elements in all samples, and the ratio of Al to Ca to be smaller for eutrophic lakes. Sediment organic matter increased with trophic state, as did the degree to which it was enriched in nitrogen. Corresponding sediment C/N ratios decreased with increasing lake trophic state and showed significant negative correlation with chlorophylla, total N, and total P in the water column. Concentrations of sedimentary chlorophyll derivatives showed some relation to trophic state but differences in basin morphometry hinder its use as an inter-lake index of chlorophyll production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02391974
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deepwater sediments and trophic conditions in Florida lakes (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 597-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: eutrophication ; diagenesis ; sediments ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sediment cores were taken from near maximum depth in 15 Florida lakes representing a wide range of trophic conditions. Chemical analyses of surface sediments showed Al, Fe, and Ca to be the most abundant elements in all samples, and the ratio of Al to Ca to be smaller for eutrophic lakes. Sediment organic matter increased with trophic state, as did the degree to which it was enriched in nitrogen. Corresponding sediment C/N ratios decreased with increasing lake trophic state and showed significant negative correlation with chlorophylla, total N, and total P in the water column. Concentrations of sedimentary chlorophyll derivatives showed some relation to trophic state but differences in basin morphometry hinder its use as an inter-lake index of chlorophyll production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940148
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing role of nitrogen in the acidification of surface waters in the Adirondack Mountains, New York (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 95 (1997), S. 313-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: nitrogen ; acidification ; Adirondack Mountains ; atmospheric deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Assessments of the aquatic effects of acidic deposition have focused on sulfur, as have recent efforts to control the emissions of acidifying compounds. Nitrogen dynamics were excluded from most acidic deposition modeling studies because it was believed that terrestrial ecosystems strongly retain N and because modeling N is a more formidable task than modeling S due to the influence of complex biological processes on N cycling. Re-examination of available data for the Adirondack Mountains of New York suggests that N deposition may be contributing to both chronic and episodic acidification of freshwaters to a greater extent than is generally believed. Previous research concluded that N has played a limited role in acidification processes in these lakes, based on regional averages of chronic chemistry. However, it is now known that historic acidification responses have been spatially variable within the Adirondack Mountains and that the declines in lakewater pH have been less than previously believed. Lakewater NO3 − concentrations are commonly in the range of 5 to 25 μeq L−1 on a chronic basis in portions of the Adirondack region that have experienced significant chronic acidification. These NO3 − concentrations correspond in magnitude to inferred historical acidification. Furthermore, the relative importance of NO3 − as an agent of acidification increases dramatically during snowmelt when conditions are most toxic to fish. The consequence of not addressing N in formulating acidification recovery strategies for the Adirondacks includes the likelihood that we will overestimate the response of surface water to the mandated sulfur emissions reductions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406172
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INCREASING ROLE OF NITROGEN IN THE ACIDIFICATION OF SURFACE WATERS IN THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, NEW YORK (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 95 (1997), S. 313-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: nitrogen ; acidification ; Adirondack Mountains ; atmospheric deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Assessments of the aquatic effects of acidic deposition have focused on sulfur, as have recent efforts to control the emissions of acidifying compounds. Nitrogen dynamics were excluded from most acidic deposition modeling studies because it was believed that terrestrial ecosystems strongly retain N and because modeling N is a more formidable task than modeling S due to the influence of complex biological processes on N cycling. Re-examination of available data for the Adirondack Mountains of New York suggests that N deposition may be contributing to both chronic and episodic acidification of freshwaters to a greater extent than is generally believed. Previous research concluded that N has played a limited role in acidification processes in these lakes, based on regional averages of chronic chemistry. However, it is now known that historic acidification responses have been spatially variable within the Adirondack Mountains and that the declines in lakewater pH have been less than previously believed. Lakewater NO3 - concentrations are commonly in the range of 5 to 25 μeq L-1 on a chronic basis in portions of the Adirondack region that have experienced significant chronic acidification. These NO3 - concentrations correspond in magnitude to inferred historical acidification. Furthermore, the relative importance of NO3 - as an agent of acidification increases dramatically during snowmelt when conditions are most toxic to fish. The consequence of not addressing N in formulating acidification recovery strategies for the Adirondacks includes the likelihood that we will overestimate the response of surface water to the mandated sulfur emissions reductions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026422031266
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pheromone reception in tobacco budworm moth,heliothis virescens (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1331-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tobacco budworm moth ; Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; olfactory receptor cells ; single-cell recordings ; EAG ; pheromones ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; (Z)-7-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-hexadecenal ; hexadecanal ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Eleclrophysiological recordings from single olfactory receptor cells were carried out in the male tobacco budworm moth,Heliothis virescens. Recordings were made primarily from the sensilla trichodea type 1, which are located in the characteristic circumferential rows on the antennae. They possess the longest sensilla hairs as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sensory cells of these sensilla responded specifically to pheromones. Only three types of receptor neurons were found, each tuned to one of the female-produced components. The majority (58%) of the neurons were tuned to the major component (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:A1). Another large group (27%) responded specifically to stimulation with (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14: Al). These two compounds are the most important components of the pheromones as judged by their influence on the behavioral responses of the males. The third type of neurons responded specifically to (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (Z11-16: OH), which may act either as a pheromone component or as an interspecific cue. None of the receptor neurons in the long sensilla trichodea responded specifically to the minor aldehyde components of the pheromone, which have subtle effects on behavior. Mixture experiments provided no evidence that minor components influence the receptor responses to the major components. Olfactory sensilla outside the crosswise rows were also characterized morphologically by SEM. Included in these were sensilla of different lengths, corresponding to a classification as s. basiconica and s. trichodea type 2. Electrophysiological recordings from these sensilla showed that they are involved primarily in host odor reception. However, a few of these neurons responded to pheromones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021030
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consumption and utilization of celery, Apium graveolens, by the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Noctuidae ; Spodoptera exigua ; Apium graveolens ; nutrition ; nitrogen utilization ; biomass conversion ; digestion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'impact biologique de la consommation et de l'utilisation du céleri a été examiné sur un herbivore généraliste Spodoptera exigua Hübner. Une analyse de feuilles et de pétioles montre que ces deux parties de la plante ont une haute teneur en eau (〉85%), mais que les feuilles contiennent deux fois plus d'azote organique total que les pétioles. Les taux de développement et de reproduction on été significativement plus élevés (〈0,01 test t) pour les chenilles nourries sur feuilles. Les 2 derniers stades ont consommé significativement plus (P〈0,05 test t) de poids sec de matière végétale en s'alimentant sur pétioles qu'en s'alimentant sur feuilles. Bien que les taux de croissance aient été voisins quel que soit l'aliment pour les avant-derniers stades, la conversion d'aliment en poids de corps était inférieure pour les chenilles ne consommant que des pétioles. Au dernier stade, tant les taux de croissance que de conversion des chenilles élevées sur pétioles étaient inférieurs à ceux des chenilles élevées sur feuilles. Ainsi, puisque les chenilles présentent une préférence pour les pétioles moins nutritifs au dernier stade larvaire, des paramètres écologiques autres que l'alimentation doivent influencer les mouvements et la distribution de S. exigua sur céleri.
    Notes: Abstract The biological impact of consumption and utilization of celery was examined for the generalist herbivore, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). An analysis of leaves and petioles demonstrated that both plant parts contained high levels of water (〉85%), but that leaves contained twice as much total organic nitrogen as petioles. Developmental and reproductive rates were significantly higher (P〈0.01, t-test) for larvae fed on leaves. Penultimate and final instars consumed significantly more (P≤0.05, t-test) dry weight of plant material when fed petioles as opposed to leaves. Although growth rates were similar regardless of food source for penultimate instars, conversion of food to body weight was lower for larvae limited to petioles. In the final instar, both growth and conversion rates were lower for larvae fed petioles than for those given leaves. Thus, since larvae exhibit preferences for the nutritionally less suitable petioles during later larval stages, environmental factors other than nutrition must influence movement and distribution of S., exigua in celery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163355
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of trichomes in soybean resistance to cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Glycine max ; soybeans ; trichomes ; plant resistance ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'influence de la densité et de la longueur des trichomes de Glycine max sur la résistance à Trichoplusia ni a été évaluée suivant la position des feuilles sur une lignée résistante (‘PI 227687’) et sur un cultivar sensible (‘Davis’). Les feuilles apicales (juvéniles) tant de PI 227687 que de Davis, recouvertes de trichomes denses, résistèrent mieux à l'alimentation larvaire et à la survie de T. ni. Quand ces trichomes étaient éliminés, ces feuilles ne résistaient pas plus à l'alimentation des larves de T. ni que les feuilles non rasées TL3 et TL5 de PI 227687 ou toutes les autres feuilles de Davis. Les tests avec des extraits dans l'acétate d'éthyle et l'hexane de feuilles provenant de différentes positions de PI 227687 et Davis, destinés à mettre en évidence des phagodissuadants, ont montré que la résistance observée chez les feuilles apicales de Davis était attribuable aux trichomes (c'est-à-dire à un caractère morphologique), tandis que chez les mêmes feuilles de PI 227687 elle impliquait à la fois des trichomes (morphologie) et des substances chimiques, mais avec une prédominance de l'influence des trichomes.
    Notes: Abstract Role of leaf trichome density and length in Glycine max (L.) Merr. resistance to Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) was evaluated at different leaf positions on a relatively resistant soybean, plant introduction (PI) 227687, and a relatively susceptible cultivar, ‘Davis’. The uppermost (juvenile) leaf within both PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants, which is densely covered with trichomes, was most resistant to T. ni larval feeding and survival. When these trichomes were shaven off, such leaves became as susceptible to T. ni larval feeding as unshaven TL3 and TL5 leaves (PI 227687) or all other unshaven leaves (‘Davis’). Bioassays for antifeedants in ethyl acetate and hexane extractables from leaves at the different positions on PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants showed that the resistance observed in the uppermost ‘Davis’ leaf is attributable to trichomes (i.e., a morphological factor); whereas, in the uppermost PI 227687 leaf it involves both morphological (trichomes) and chemical factors, but the trichome parameter is dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343536
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