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  • Chemical Engineering  (6)
  • Aspergillus flavus  (3)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (6)
  • Springer  (3)
  • Cell Press
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of selected geocarposphere bacteria for biological control of Aspergillus flavus in peanut (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 175 (1995), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; Aspergillus flavus ; biological control ; geocarposphere ; rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Selected bacterial strains isolated from the region of peanut pod development (geocarposphere) and two additional bacterial strains were screened as potential biological control agents against Aspergillus flavus invasion and subsequent aflatoxin contamination of peanut in laboratory, greenhouse, and field trials. All 17 geocarposphere strains tested delayed invasion of young roots and reduced colonization by the fungus in a root-radicle assay used as a rapid laboratory prescreen. In a greenhouse study, seven bacterial strains significantly reduced pod colonization by A. flavus compared to the control. In a field trial, conducted similarly to the greenhouse assay, pods sampled at mid-peg from plants seed-treated with suspensions of either 91A-539 or 91A-550 were not colonized by A. flavus, and the incidence of pods invaded from plants treated with either 91A-539 or 91A-599 was consistently lower than nonbacterized plants at each of five sampling dates. At harvest, 8 geocarposphere bacterial strains significantly lowered the percentage of pods colonized (〉 51%) compared to the control. Levels of seed colonization ranged from 1.3% to 45% and did not appear related to aflatoxin concentrations in the kernels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011365
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of the geocarposphere and rhizosphere effect of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Archis hypogaea ; Aspergillus flavus ; geocarposphere ; groundnut ; peanut ; Pseudomonas ; rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Roots and pods of field-grown peanut (groundnut) (Arachis hypogaea L.) were sampled at the R3, R5, and R7 developmental stages and examined in comparison to root- and pod-free soil for microbial population densities to assess the geocarposphere and rhizosphere effects. G/ S (no. geocarposphere microorganisms/no. soil microorganisms) and R/S (no. rhizosphere microorganisms/no. soil microorganisms) ratios were calculated for total fungi,Asperigillus flavus, spore-forming bacilli, coryneform bacteria, fluorescent pseudomonads, and total bacteria isolated on low- and high-nutrient media. A clear geocarposphere effect was evidenced by increased population densities of bacteria and fungi associated with developing pods compared to soil. G/S and R/S ratios were generally greater than 1.0 for all groups of microorganisms except bacilli. G/S ratios were greater for total bacteria than for total fungi at two of the three sample times, suggesting that bacteria were stimulated more than fungi in the zone around developing pods. In contrast, R/S ratios, were higher for total fungi than for total bacteria at two of three sample times. The preferential association of fungi and bacteria with early developmental stages of the pod indicates that some microorganisms are particularly well adapted for colonization of the peanut geocarposphere. These microorganisms are logical candidates for evaluation as biological control candiates forA. flavus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465225
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative identification by fatty acid analysis of soil, rhizosphere, and geocarposphere bacteria of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 139 (1992), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; Aspergillus flavus ; geocarposphere ; groundnut ; peanut ; rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial isolates were collected from the geocarposphere, rhizosphere, and root-free soil of field grown peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at three sample dates, and the isolates were identified by analysis of fatty acid methyl-esters to determine if qualitative differences exist among the bacterial microflora of these zones. Five bacterial genera were associated with isolates from soil, while pod and root isolates constituted 16 and 13 genera, respectively, indicating that bacterial diversity was higher in the rhizosphere and geocarposphere than in soil. The dominant (most frequently identified) genus across all three samples dates was Flavobacterium, for pods, Pseudomonas for roots, and Bacillus, for root-free soil. Sixteen bacterial taxa were only isolated from the geocarposphere, 7 only from the rhizosphere, and 5 only from soil. These results show that specific bacterial taxa are preferentially adapted to colonization of the geocarposphere and suggest that the soil, rhizosphere, and geocarposphere constitute three distinct ecological niches. Bacteria which colonize the geocarposphere should be examined as potential biological control agents for pod-invading fungi such as the toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012845
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein polarization in isotropic membrane hollow-fiber bioreactors (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 321-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model has been developed to predict the coupled hydrodynamics and high-molecular-weight protein transport in mammalian-cell hollow-fiber bioreactors (HFBRs). The analysis applies to reactors with isotropic ultrafiltration membranes under startup conditions when the extracapillary space (ECS) is essentially unobstructed by cells. The model confirms the experimental finding that secondary ECS flows, engendered by the primary flow in the fiber lumens, can cause significant downstream polarization of ECS proteins at typical mammalian-cell HFBR operating conditions. It also reveals that the osmotic activity of the proteins, by curtailing transmembrane fluid fluxes, can influence strongly the outcome of the polarization process. In fact, at order-of-magnitude higher protein concentrations and/or lower recycle flow rates, the secondary flow velocities can be reduced by as much as six orders-of-magnitude throughout the ECS, thereby virtually eliminating the polarization problem. This result has important implications for improved reactor startup procedures.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400211
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of ultrasonic forces for particle-liquid separations (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1727-1736 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The magnitude and direction of the ultrasonic radiation forces that act on individual particles in a standing-wave field were determined using a microscope-based imaging system. The forces are calculated from measured particle velocities assuming that the drag force, given by Stokes' law, is exactly counterbalanced by the imposed ultrasonic forces. The axial primary radiation force was found to vary sinusoidally with axial position and to be proportional to the local acoustic energy density, as predicted by theory. The magnitude of the transverse primary force was determined by two independent methods to be about 100-fold weaker than the axial force. Separation concepts exploiting the transverse force for cell retention have been successful despite the great disparity in magnitude between the axial and transvers-force components. This may be explained by the reduced hydrodynamic forces on aggregated particles in transverse flow due to their alignment in the sound field.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430710
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein transport in ultrafiltration hollow-fiber bioreactors (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 415-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A 1-D model, which neglects radial variations, describes the hydrodynamics of cell-free ultrafiltration hollow-fiber bioreactors (HFBRs) and the transport of highmolecular-weight proteins trapped in the extracapillary space (ECS). The profiles of radially-averaged protein concentrations predicted by this model are identical to those obtained using a model with radial variations. The model predictions agree well with axial profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human transferrin concentrations measured in transient and steady-state experiments. The validated model explores the influence of cell culture operating conditions on HFBR protein transport. Increasing protein loading decreases BSA and transferrin polarization in HFBRs operated with unidirectional lumen flow. A relationship developed predicts the protein loading needed to ensure a nonzero steady-state protein concentration throughout the ECS. This critical protein loading depends only on the lumen pressure drop and the ECS protein osmotic pressure. Periodic reversal of the lumen flow direction also decreases protein polarization. The influence of the flow-direction switching time and membrane permeability on the ECS protein distribution is investigated.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410222
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed electrophoretic filter-cake release in dead-end membrane processes (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 959-970 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The application of electric fields can be a very effective means of removing deposits from membrane surfaces. Such a means of process improvement has usually been applied to cross-flow filtration, allowing efficient operation at low cross-flow velocities. In the limiting case of dead-end filtration (zero crossflow) it is possible to use electric-field pulses to release the filter cake for collection. Experimental data are presented for the dead-end ultrafiltration of silica colloids and the protein bovine serum albumin and for the dead-end microfiltration of titania dispersions taking as variables the magnitude of the applied field, the pulse interval, the pulse duration, and the feed conditions (pH, ionic strength, concentration). The data identify the conditions when pulsed electric fields can be used as an efficient means of releasing filter cakes for collection. A force balance model is developed to predict the filtration rate at the end of the release process, taking into account electrophoretic, electroosmotic, and hydrodynamic forces. The model shows excellent agreement with the experimental data for ultrafiltration and reasonable agreement with the experimental data for microfiltration. The use of pulsed electric fields to release filter cakes in dead-end membrane processes is a promising technique that is most likely to find application in the clarification of process feeds containing low dispersed solutes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430411
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1575-1582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350923
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallurgical examination of existing piping in an ammonia plant (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 5 (1986), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on their previous problems and recent experiences at other ammonia plants, Columbia Nitrogen decided to inspect all high alloy piping containing hydrogen to determine if proper metallurgy had been used in piping and welds.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720050207
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