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  • 1
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    The Ambiguous Consequences of Anti-Dumping Laws (1992)
    Oxford : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Economic Inquiry. 30:3 (1992:July) 437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-2583
    Topics: Economics
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:b097-1992-030-03-000003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fingerprinting cell lines: Use of human hypervariable DNA probes to characterize mammalian cell cultures (1988)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 14 (1988), S. 519-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hypervariable DNA sequences may be used as probes to derive DNA “fingerprints” for individuals. To assess the use of the human 33.15 and 33.6 probes (isolated by Jeffreys and coworkers) for characterizing cell lines of nonhuman origin, DNA from different stocks of Chinese hamster (CH) cells was screened. All CHO (ovary) sublines could be readily distinguished from CH-V79 sublines by their fingerprints, but where two stocks had been derived recently from the same line, their fingerprints were nearly identical. Similarly fingerprints of HPRT-deficient mutants derived from one cell stock were identical. A V79 × CHO fusion hybrid showed equal fingerprint band-sharing with each parent line, while early-passage diploid CH cells had a fingerprint closer to CHO than to V79. Thus these data introduce a simple means of typing cell lines to avoid cross-contamination, of checking cell hybrids, and of assessing the divergence of cell stocks from one another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01535307
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dominant mutation in mouse cells associated with resistance to Hoechst 33258 dye, but sensitivity to ultraviolet light and DNA base-damaging compounds (1987)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 13 (1987), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A spontaneous derivative of murine Ltk − cells has been isolated which has gained a resistance to the cytostatic/lethal effects of high concentrations of Hoechst 33258. The resistant clone HoeR-415 was at least 20-fold more resistant to the dye (D10 dose). HoeR-415 cells have a normal response to X-rays and mitomycin-C and colchicine but were found to show a small sensitivity to UV light, 4NQO, and EMS (1.4, 1.6, and 1.6-fold lower D10 doses, respectively). HoeR-415 cells do not show an increased mutability by EMS. The HoeR phenotype was found to be codominant in hybrids. In order to explain these various characteristics, we suggest that the HoeR-415 mutation may result in an altered topoisomerase activity. Consistent with this we find HoeR-415 cells have an increased sensitivity to novobiocin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02422296
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamic nature of plant-available manganese during storage of a calcareous soil (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Barley ; Wheat ; Manganese ; Availability ; Microorganisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of length of dry storage period and subsequent moist incubation on the availability of Mn was examined in a calcareous soil. Increasing the time of dry storage (for up to 4 years) generally increased the availability of Mn as determined by plant growth and Mn concentration in wheat and barley. Moist incubation of stored soil had variable effects on Mn availability depending on how long the soil had been stored before use and on the method used to assess Mn availability. When assessed by Mn concentration in plant tissues, increasing the moist incubation time (from 0 to 30 days) of soil stored dry for 4 years increased Mn availability in soil initially and thereafter decreased it. However, incubation time had little effect on Mn availability in soil stored for only 1 year or soil used fresh from the field. When Mn availability was assessed using a chemical extractant (DTPA; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), both soils showed an initial increase in Mn availability immediately on wetting. However, Mn availability in the soil stored for only 1 year decreased rapidly and remained consistently below that of soil stored for 4 years. In the latter soil, Mn availability also decreased but only after a few days. Microbial studies indicated that there was a decrease in the ratio of Mn oxidising to Mn reducing microorganisms with increasing storage time. Inoculation of one soil with another suggested that the factor responsible for the low Mn availability in soils stored for a short period could be transferred to soils stored for a longer period. These results suggest that the change in Mn availability in a calcareous soil with dry storage is a result of changes in microbial populations that cannot be fully restored by moist incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336281
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal commercial policy with imperfect foreign supply (1985)
    Springer
    Atlantic economic journal 13 (1985), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9678
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Conclusion Maximizing social welfare when there is one foreign firm requires the imposition of fixed domestic price, which results in increased imports from the foreign firm until it engages in marginal cost pricing. A license fee captures (replaces) the foreign firm's economic profit (loss). Extension to the case where foreign supply consists of more than one firm differs from the one-firm analysis in that, while optimale policy consists of the setting of both a license fee and price level for the import, this may entail levying a tariff on imports from the foreign firms. The fee or tariff, but not both, may be negative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02304035
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capital mobility and the possibilities for international policy coordination (1994)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 27 (1994), S. 395-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract When capital is internationally mobile, small differences in macroeconomic policies generate massive payments imbalances that cannot be managed successfully with the policy tools used during the Bretton Woods era. Monetary and fiscal policy coordination is needed to stabilize the international economy, but is difficult to achieve. This article uses insights from the theoretical literature on international cooperation to account for characteristics of policy coordination in recent years. Examination of the strategic situation helps to explain why governments have rejected proposals for a rules-based regime (e.g., strict multilateral surveillance using quantitative indicators) yet have coordinated policy adjustments on an ad hoc basis in response to crises. A solution to the strategic problem — in which there is one mutually adverse outcome (no adjustment by any government) and a number of Pareto-optimal outcomes preferred by different governments — depends on the exercise of power. Consideration of theories about hegemony and cooperation suggests that the U.S. continues to act as a hegemon in this area, albeit of the coercive rather than benevolent sort. International theories of cooperation, however, neglect the domestic policy making practices and institutions that pose the central problems for international policy coordination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01000066
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pot size affects expression of Mn efficiency in barley (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 178 (1996), S. 205-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; genotype ; Mn concentration ; Mn efficiency ; pot size ; screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mn efficiency is defined here as an ability of a genotype to grow and yield well in a soil which is limiting in available Mn for a standard genotype (Graham, 1984). Screening for Mn efficiency in soil-based pot testing had been producing inconsistent results, and thus improvement of pot screening became an objective. One possible factor, pot size was examined as the cause, using two sizes of pot. In large pots, the expectation of higher dry matter and shoot Mn concentration in a Mn-efficient genotype compared to a Mn-inefficient genotype was realised over a wide range of Mn supply, whereas in small pots, the genotypic differences were expressed at only one, low rate of Mn supply (10 mg kg soil-1). Plants in the small pots strongly responded to root restriction by decreasing yields and increasing root/shoot ratios and Mn concentrations of shoots. The critical value of Mn concentration for shoot growth was not affected by the small pots, but the Mn mobilization by plants might be affected in the small pots. The practical outcome of these results is that using an adequate size of pot and measuring the Mn concentration of shoots, soil-based pot screening for Mn efficiency can be improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011584
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth response of four tropical plantation timber species to increasing phosphorus supply and assessment of phosphorus requirements using foliar analysis (2000)
    Springer
    New forests 20 (2000), S. 193-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Agathis ; cabinet-timber ; Castanospermum ; Cedrela ; Flindersia ; mineral nutrition ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An understanding of the comparative nutritionalrequirements of important timber species isfundamental in the development of sustainable systemsfor the production of wood from plantations on manyinfertile, highly weathered soils in the humidtropics. We established a field experiment comparingthe responses of four highly-valued cabinet timberspecies (Cedrela odorata, Agathis robusta,Flindersia brayleyana and Castanospermumaustrale) to phosphate fertiliser on a soil very lowin chemically extractable phosphorus (4 mg P/kg soil). Similar soils derived from Palaeozoic metasedimentsare widespread throughout the humid tropics ofnorthern Australia, south-east Asia and thesouth-western Pacific, and are typical of those onmany sites available for plantation forestry in theregion. Phosphorus fertiliser treatments (rangingfrom 0 to 300 g P/tree) were applied soon afterplanting to all four species, as was a basalfertiliser dressing supplying adequate levels of allother mineral nutrients. Two species (F.brayleyana and C. australe) maintained goodgrowth even without additional P and showed little orno response in growth or foliar P concentration toincreased P supply. The other two species (C.odorata and A. robusta) responded strongly inboth growth and foliar P concentration to increasingP supply. In these responsive species, chemicalanalysis of foliage at 17 months after planting wasshown to have potential diagnostic and prognosticvalue. Phosphorus concentrations less than 0.30% drymatter (DM) in the petiole plus rachis of young matureleaves of C. odorata, and less than 0.19% DM inthe distal needle leaves of A. robusta, wereassociated with diminished growth of these two speciesboth at the time of sampling and 21 months later. Theresults indicate that there are significantdifferences in the ability of tropical tree species toacquire and use phosphorus, and consequently thatsimple prescriptive applications of phosphorusfertiliser to young plantations, irrespective of soiltype or tree species, are often inefficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006756105284
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of slow-release fertilisers into nursery media (1999)
    Springer
    New forests 18 (1999), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Acacia ; coir ; forest nursery ; Gmelina ; Solomon Islands ; tree nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field application of fertilisers is frequently ineffective in supplying limiting nutrients during establishment of plantation trees in highly weathered soils in the humid tropics. An alternative strategy for more effective delivery of nutrients to establishing trees was investigated in a field experiment on Kolombangara in the Solomon Islands. Under routine operational nursery conditions, cuttings of Gmelina arborea and seeds of Acacia mangium were planted into a coir (composted coconut husks) potting medium to which a range of rates of slow-release fertilisers had been applied. The growth performance of this nursery stock was then measured during the first 14 months following planting in the field. Incorporation of slow release fertilisers into the nursery medium significantly improved the growth of both species in the field, with more than 100% increases in volume index associated with the highest rates of slow release fertiliser application. This strong nutrient response during tree establishment was in sharp contrast to the absence of any effect from much higher rates of surface applied fertilisers that had been observed in previous field experiments on this same soil type. The placement of the slow release fertilisers within the immediate proximity of roots of the establishing trees, and the subsequent effects of this in increasing their abilities to compete with regrowth vegetation for site nutrient resources probably accounted for the high effectiveness of this fertiliser strategy in enhancing tree growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006693308681
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between zinc nutritional status of cereals and Rhizoctonia root rot severity (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 153 (1993), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cereal root rot ; Rhizoctonia solani ; wheat ; Zn nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An inverse correlation between plant Zn concentration and the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot, described in an earlier paper, was examined in two experiments in a growth chamber. In the first experiment, wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Songlen) was planted in a Zn deficient soil with and without added Zn, and combined factorially with different inoculum densities of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 8. When Zn was added, the percentage of seminal roots infected with R. solani was significantly lower compared to the treatments without added Zn, showing that low Zn potentiated the disease. A subsequent factorial experiment of four inoculum densities and six Zn levels, (0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.1, 0.4 and 6.0 mg Zn kg−1 soil) was conducted to investigate the Zn effect in more detail. Disease severity was markedly decreased by the higher Zn applications; the disease score dropped sharply between treatments of Zn0.04 and Zn0.1, a difference which was reflected in the plant yield response to Zn. For both experiments the Zn concentrations in shoots were significantly different only among Zn treatments, not among the inoculum treatments. This indicated that inoculum density or disease severity did not reduce Zn concentration in the plant. Thus, disease did not exaggerate Zn deficiency, but rather, Zn sufficiency suppressed disease severity. A potentiating link between Zn nutrition and disease severity is thereby established, although this type of experiment did not indicate the mechanism of the Zn effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012994
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