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  • phosphorus  (14)
  • Springer  (14)
  • Cell Press
  • PANGAEA
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  • Springer  (14)
  • Cell Press
  • PANGAEA
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition rates and phosphorus concentrations of purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and Cattail (Typha spp.) in fourteen Minnesota wetlands (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 323 (1996), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Loosestrife ; Lythrum salicaria ; cattail ; decomposition ; phosphorus ; wetland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Purple Loosestrife is rapidly displacing native vegetation in North American wetlands. Associated changes in wetland plant communities are well understood. Effects of Loosestrife invasion on nutrient cycling and decomposition rates in affected wetlands are unknown, though potentially of significance to wetland function. We used litter bag methods to quantify decomposition rates and phosphorus concentrations of purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and native cattails (Typha spp.) in fourteen Minnesota wetlands. A 170-day study that began in autumn modeled decomposition of Loosestrife leaves. Loosestrife stems andTypha shoots that had overwintered and fragmented were measured in a 280- day study that began in spring. In general, Loosestrife leaves decomposed most rapidly of the three;Typha shoots decomposed faster than Loosestrife stems. Significant decay coefficients (k-values) were determined by F-testing single exponential model regressions of different vegetation types in the fourteen wetlands. Significant decay coefficients were:k = 2.5 × 10−3 and 4.32 × 10−3 for all Loosestrife leaves (170 d);k = 7.2 × 10−4 and 1.11 × 10−3 for overwintered Loosestrife stems (280-d) andk = 7.9 × 10−4, 1.42 × 10−3 and 2.24 × 10−3 for overwinteredTypha shoots (280-d). Phosphorus concentrations of plant tissue showed an initial leaching followed by stabilization or increase probably associated with microbial growth. Loosestrife leaves had twice the phosphorus concentration of Loosestrife stems andTypha shoots. Our results indicate that conversion of wetland vegetation from cattails to Loosestrife may result in significant change in wetland function by altering timing of litter input and downstream phosphorus loads. Conversion of a riverine, flow- through wetland fromTypha to Loosestrife may effectively accelerate eutrophication of downstream water bodies. Impacts of Loosestrife invasion must be considered when wetlands are managed for wildlife or for improvement of downstream water quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017590
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissolved nutrient concentrations and loads in some upland streams of the English Lake District (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 377 (1998), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: phosphorus ; nitrate ; silicon ; streams ; English Lake District
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), nitrate, and soluble reactive silicon (SRSi) were monitored in 12 streams draining small catchments (〈10 km2) in the English Lake District. The catchments varied with respect to underlying geology, soil type and land cover. Average concentrations of SRP were in the range 0.5–11.2 μg P l-1, and estimated loads ranged from 0.01 to 0.14 kg P ha-1 a-1. The higher concentrations and loads were associated with catchments containing improved pasture. Mean streamwater concentrations of nitrate varied from 55 to 660 μg N l-1, while loads were in the range 0.8–9.6 kg N ha-1 a-1; no general dependence on catchment properties was discerned. Concentrations of SRSi were similar in all the streams (0.8–2 mg Si l-1), and annual loads were in the range 10–26 kg Si ha-1 a-1. Loads of all three nutrients were greatest during the winter, because of higher discharges, but in some catchments containing improved pasture, considerable transport of P also took place during the summer. Concentrations of nitrate in streams draining unimproved moorland catchments are approximately twice those reported for samples taken from similar streams in 1973 and 1974, possibly because of increased atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate). Concentrations of SRP in such streams were similar to those reported for the earlier samples. Comparisons of stream loads of SRP and nitrate with estimated inputs suggest that catchment soils retain substantial amounts of these nutrients. Implications for surface water eutrophication of changes in P retention by soils are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003215005982
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Net and gross sedimentation in relation to the phosphorus budget of Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 345 (1997), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: phosphorus ; phosphorus budget ; retention ; sedimentation ; sediment traps ; sediment cores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We compared P retention with direct measures of Psedimentation, estimated fromsediment cores (annual P sedimentation) and sedimenttraps (daily P sedimentation),to quantify P sedimentation in Eau Galle Reservoir,Wisconsin. Mean annual Pretention was similar to mean annual P sedimentation,as estimated from sediment corerates integrated over the entire lake basin,indicating that annual P mass balanceapproximated annual net P sedimentation in thisreservoir. However, sediment trap Prates, measured over the summer stratified period,overestimated P retention ratesdetermined over the same period, suggestingsubstantial deposition of internally-derived P.Inclusion of measured internal P loadings from avariety of sources in EauGalle Reservoir in a P mass balance only accounted foran additional 24% of thesummer sediment trap P rate, indicating substantialuncertainty in the overall P budget.Imbalances in the P budget may also suggest depositionof sediment from other as yetunquantified internal sources. Potential internalsources of P include sedimentresuspension and chemical release and direct uptake ofP from the sediment byphytoplankton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002979315412
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and elemental content of several sagebrush-steppe species in unburned and post-wildfire soil and plant effects on soil attributes (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 164 (1994), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; revegetation ; silica ; succession ; shrubland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fire is the principal means of stand renewal in big sagebrush-steppe communities of western North America. Plant growth following fire may be influenced by heat-induced changes in the nutrient status of the soil. Moreover, post-wildfire pioneer plant species may alter soil properties, and thereby, impact subsequent plant recruitment. Our study compared the growth and elemental content of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), squirreltail (Elymus elymoides), cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), and Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides), grown under greenhouse conditions in post-wildfire and similar unburned soil. We also examined soil attributes following plant growth. Cheatgrass and squirreltail, grown in post-wildfire soil, had significantly (p≤0.05) greater aboveground mass than plants grown in unburned soil. As compared with unburned soil, post-wildfire soil engendered the following significant (p≤0.05) differences in leaf elemental content: 1) big sagebrush had higher levels of P and lower levels of Mn; 2) squirreltail accumulated more P and N; and 3) all grass species had higher SiO2 content. Following harvest of plants, post-wildfire soil generally contained significantly (p≤0.05) more KCl-extractable ortho-P, NH inf4 + , and SO 4 − , than unburned soil. Plant growth in both burned and unburned soils fostered a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the bicarbonate-extractable pool of P as compared with unplanted controls. Soil Kjeldahl-N was significantly (p≤0.05) greater after plant growth in burned treatments as compared with the control. This study demonstrates that post-wildfire soil can have a stimulatory effect on plant growth for some species. Squirreltail deserves consideration as a post-wildfire revegetation species. Furthermore, pioneer plant growth following wildfires can attenuate soil properties and therefore influence plant succession.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of litter from four species of freshwater emergent macrophytes (1986)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 131 (1986), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: decomposition ; model ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; marsh ; Typha latifolia ; Carex lacustris ; Calamagrostis canadensis ; Zizania aquatica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and mass remaining were followed for 30 months in decomposing litter of the perennial macrophytes Typha latifolia L., Carex lacustris Willd., Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Nutt., and the annual Zizania aquatica L. in a fresh water tidal marsh in Massachusetts. Step-wise decreases in the mass remaining that corresponded to seasonal temperature changes were observed for all species. A model that assumes that initial litter inputs to the marsh surface consist of refractory and labile fractions and that the decay rate of the labile fraction is an exponential function of inverse temperature produced an acceptable description of the observed litter decomposition. The model suggests that a refractory fraction of 11% of initial litter weight of the annual Zizania and from 18 to 23% in the perennial species persists while labile organics are largely degraded within 1 yr. Zizania litter, which had the highest initial concentrations of both N and P, contained the lowest amounts of N and P after 30 months of decomposition. In the three perennial species studied, which are the dominant macrophytes in this marsh, there was a net accumulation of N and P in litter during the first 5 months of decomposition that was about 36% and 100%, respectively, of the annual N and P losses by vegetation in litterfall. This phase of nutrient accumulation was followed by nutrient release, particularly of N, after plant roots had invaded the litter. This sequence of nutrient accumulation, root invasion, and nutrient release represents a mechanism for nutrient conservation and/or accumulation in this ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008857
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentrations and controls of dissolved organic matter in a constricted-channel region of the Ohio River (1997)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 38 (1997), S. 41-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: carbon ; nitrogen ; Ohio River ; phosphorus ; Red field ratios ; dissolved organic matter ; rivers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A 12-month study was conducted to measure the concentrations ofdissolved organic matter (DOC, TDN, TDP) in four sites within a119 km long reach of the Ohio River, near Louisville, KY. In thisstudy we test whether specific geomorphological and biologicalfactors influenced variations in dissolved organic matter.Concentrations of DOC in the river averaged ≈1200μmol/L, and varied by nearly two orders of magnitudeseasonally (mean DOC during base flow ≈620 μmol/L).Peak periods for DOC at all sites were during April–May. Thesite nearest a navigation dam (deeper, lower current velocities)had significantly lower concentrations of TDN and greater C:Nratios than upstream sites. The largest tributary entering thisreach (Kentucky River) had no significant effect on levels of DOMin the main river, despite having significantly greaterconcentrations of TDN and lower levels of DOC during most monthsof the year. Concentrations of DOC, TDN, and TDP were notsignificantly different in littoral and pelagic habitats at allsites studied, suggesting little floodplain influence on DOM inthis constricted-channel section of the Ohio River. C:N ratios ofDOM in the Ohio were significantly different among seasons; C:Nexceeded or equaled Redfield ratios in summer and fall (6 to 10),but were below Redfield (1.8 to 3.0) during winter and spring.Regression models suggest that total phytoplankton densities andflow conditions are the two most important factors regulating DOMin this very large river.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005708326368
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of alum treatment on phosphorus dynamics in a north-temperate reservoir (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 215 (1991), S. 231-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aluminum sulfate ; external P loading ; internal P loading ; phosphorus ; chlorophyll ; reservoirs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin, was treated with a hypolimnetic dose of aluminum sulfate (alum) in 1986 to diminish excessive phytoplankton production associated with high phosphorus loading from anoxic, profundal sediments. Prior to treatment, internal total phosphorus (TP) loading was 3 to 6 times greater than external TP loading during summer stratification. Periodic increases in epilimnetic TP mass and chlorophylla concentrations closely corresponded with elevated internal TP loading. For one year following treatment, internal TP loading and concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the hypolimnion were substantially reduced. However, abnormally high external TP loading during the stratified period of 1986 resulted in high TP mass and chlorophylla in the epilimnion. During the summers of 1987 and 1988, effects of alum treatment on internal TP loading were essentially negated, and epilimnetic TP mass and chlorophylla remained unchanged from pretreatment years. Multiple potential sources of P input to this reservoir make it difficult to reduce epilimnetic P and phytoplankton growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00764858
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does water and phosphorus uptake limit leaf growth of Rhizoctonia-infected wheat seedlings? (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 209 (1999), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: hydraulic conductivity ; leaf growth ; phosphorus ; Rhizoctonia ; water status ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Wheat seedlings infected with a pure inoculum of the root-rotting fungus Rhizoctonia solani were grown in pots designed to fit in pressure chambers, to allow the effects of the Rhizoctonia infection on leaf growth to be studied while maintaining the leaves at elevated water status. Wheat was grown to the third leaf stage in soil inoculated with three different levels of Rhizoctonia, and the pots were then pressurised for seven days to maintain the leaf xylem at the point of bleeding (ie. the leaves were at full turgor). The reduction in leaf expansion caused by Rhizoctonia was not overcome by pressurisation, indicating that a reduced supply of water to the leaves was not responsible for reduced leaf growth. The addition of phosphorus to pots marginally deficient in P did not increase the leaf growth of Rhizoctonia-infected plants, despite increased P uptake to the leaves. These results indicate that a reduced supply of water to the leaves and a supply of phosphorus that was bordering on deficient was not the cause of the growth reduction in seedlings with Rhizoctonia infection. The nature of this reduced growth remains uncertain but may involve growth regulators produced by the fungus, or by the plant as a result of the infection process. The mechanism of these growth reductions is of interest as it may provide a key to the development of plant resistance mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004374516088
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Both nitrogen and phosphorus limit plant production on young Hawaiian lava flows (1996)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 32 (1996), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: fertilizer study ; Hawaii ; montane tropical forest ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; primary succession
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We applied fertilizers in a 23complete factorial design to determine the effects of nutrient amendments on plant growth in Hawaiian montane forests growing on two different volcanic substrates: ‘a‘ā and pāhoehoe lava. Both sites were about 140 years old and their overstories were nearly monospecific stands of Metrosideros polymorpha. Fertilizer applications included N, P, a mixture of essential macro- and micronutrients excepting P and N, and all combinations thereof in each of four blocks. Additions of nutrients other than N or P had no significant effects on measured plant-growth variables. In contrast, additions of either N or P significantly increased tree height growth, diameter increments, biomass growth, and height growth of the understory fern Dicranopteris linearis in both sites. The effect of N was greater than that of P. Greatest growth rates occurred in plots receiving both N and P, and signficant N*P interactions occurred in several cases, suggesting a synergistic effect between these two elements. Plant growth on these young, poorly weathered, basaltic lavas is colimited by N and P availability. Growth in a similar-aged stand growing on a mixture of volcanic ash and cinders is N but not P limited, indicating that the texture of the parent material influences nutrient-availability patterns during early primary succession.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001529
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and speciation of phosphorus along a salinity gradient in intertidal marsh sediments (1999)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 45 (1999), S. 197-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: intertidal marshes ; phosphorus ; sediments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We examined forms of solid phosphorus fractions in intertidal marsh sediments along a salinity (0–22‰) gradient in a river-dominated estuary and in a marine-dominated salt marsh with insignificant freshwater input. Freshwater marsh sediments had the highest ratio of organic N:P of between 28:1 and 47:1 mol:mol, compared to 21:1 to 31:1 mol:mol in the saltmarshes, which is consistent with a trend toward P-limitation of primary production in freshwater and N-limitation in salt marshes. However, total P concentration, 24.7 ± 11.1 µmol P g dw-1 (±1 SD) averaged over the upper meter of sediment, was greatest in the freshwater marsh where bioavailablity of P is apparently limited. In the freshwater marsh the greatest fraction of total P (24–51%) was associated with humic acids, while the importance of humic-P decreased with increasing salinity to 1–23% in the salt marshes. Inorganic P contributed considerably less to total sediment P in the freshwater marsh (15–40%) than in the salt marshes (33–85%). In reduced sediments at all sites, phosphate bound to aluminum oxides and clays was an important inorganic P pool irrespective of salinity. Inorganic P associated with ferric iron [Fe(III)] phases was most abundant in surface sediments of freshwater and brackish marshes, while Ca-bound P dominated inorganic P pools in the salt marshes. Thus, our results showed that particle-bound P in marsh sediments exhibited changes in chemical association along the salinity gradient of an estuarine system, which is a likely consequence of changes in ionic strength and the availability of iron and calcium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006136621465
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