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  • Diptera  (12)
  • Springer  (12)
  • Cell Press
  • PANGAEA
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  • Springer  (12)
  • Cell Press
  • PANGAEA
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of volatiles emitted by male caribbean and mexican fruit flies (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 223-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diptera ; Tephritidae ; Caribbean fruit fly ; Anastrepha suspensa ; Mexican fruit fly ; Anastrepha ludens ; male volatiles ; GC-MS ; suspensolide ; farnesene ; bisabolene ; bergamotene ; ocimene ; limonene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Volatiles emitted byAnastrepha suspensa andAnastrepha ludens males were trapped and compared by GC-MS. Both species emitted previously reported nine-carbon alcohols, (Z)-3-nonenol and (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienol, and epimeric lactones, anastrephin and epianastrephin. A third isomeric lactone, the macrolide suspensolide, which was previously known only fromA. suspensa is reported here for the first time in the volatiles ofA. ludens. We also report that both species released different proportions of the same three sesquiterpene hydrocarbons:α-farnesene,β-bisabolene, andα-trans-bergamotene. Theβ-bisabolene was isolated in sufficient quantity fromA. suspensa volatiles to establish its absolute configuration as the (R)-(+)-enantiomer. Some plausible biosynthetic relationships of farnesol to the isoprenoid lactones and sesquiterpenes identified in this study are discussed. Finally, we report thatA. suspensa produces the monoterpene (Z)-β-ocimene whileA. ludens volatiles contained limonene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993755
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coadaptation ofDrosophila and yeasts in their natural habitat (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1037-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Diptera ; Drosophilidae ; yeasts ; cactus ; community ecology ; mutualism ; coadaptation ; evolution ; alkaloids ; fatty acids ; sterols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The mutualistic interactions of cactophilicDrosophila and their associated yeasts in the Sonoran Desert are studied as a system which has evolved within the framework of their host cactus stem chemistry. Because theDrosophila-yeast system is saphrophytic, their responses are not thought to directly influence the evolution of the host. Host cactus stem chemistry appears to play an important role in determining where cactophilicDrosophila breed and feed. Several chemicals have been identified as being important. These include sterols and alkaloids of senita as well as fatty acids and sterol diols of agria and organpipe cactus. Cactus chemistry appears to have a limited role in directly determining the distribution of cactus-specific yeasts. Those effects which are known are due to unusual lipids of organpipe cactus and triterpene glycosides of agria and organpipe cactus.Drosophilayeast interactions are viewed as mutualistic and can take the form of (1) benefits to theDrosophila by either direct nutritional gains or by detoxification of harmful chemicals produced during decay of the host stem tissue and (2) benefits to the yeast in the form of increased likelihood of transmission to new habitats. Experiments on yeast-yeast interactions in decaying agria cactus provide evidence that the yeast community is coadapted. This coadaptation among yeasts occurs in two manners: (1) mutualistic increases in growth rates (which are independent of the presence ofDrosophila larvae) and (2) stabilizing competitive interactions when growth reaches carrying capacity. This latter form is dependent on larval activity and results in benefits to the larvae present. In this sense, the coadapted yeast community is probably also coadapted with respect to itsDrosophila vector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01638995
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of saguaro cactus alkaloids in ecology ofDrosophila mettleri, a soil-breeding, cactophilic drosophilid (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 2069-2081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Drosophila ; D. mojavensis ; D. nigrospiracula ; D. mettleri ; Diptera ; Drosophilidae ; cactus ; alkaloids ; viability ; development ; longevity ; host-plant relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Drosophila mettleri is a soil-breeding, cactophilic drosophilid which lives in the Sonoran Desert. Several chemical constituents of cacti in this region have been identified as having major roles in insect-host plant relationships involvingDrosophila. For example, isoquinoline alkaloids, which are present in senita cactus, have been shown to be toxic to seven of the nine species tested. The two tolerant species areD. pachea, the normal resident, andD. mettleri. Necroses of senita cacti are often used as feeding substrates byD. mettleri adults, but this species has never been reared from senita rots. Soil, which have been soaked by juice from saguaro and cardón rots, are the typical breeding substrates of this species. The tissues of both of these cacti also contain alkaloids, chemically related to those in senita, but at much lower concentrations. Alkaloid concentration in saguaro-soaked soil was found to be 1.4–27 times the average concentration in fresh tissue. Alkaloids were extracted from saguaro tissue and used in tests of larva-to-adult viability, developmental rate, and adult longevity. Elevated concentrations of saguaro alkaloids had no significant effect on the longevity ofD. mettleri, but significantly reduced the longevity ofD. nigrospiracula andD. mojavensis, two nonsoil breeding cactophilic species. Viability and developmental rates of all three species were affected, but the effect onD. nigrospiracula was comparatively greater. It is argued that the adaptations that allowD. mettleri to utilize the saguaro soil niche also convey tolerance to alkaloids present in senita tissue. The ability to utilize senita necroses as feeding substrates represents an ecological advantage to D. mettleri, in that the density of potential feeding sites is increased as compared to species which are more specific in their host-plant relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012872
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol), a mosquito feeding and ovipositional repellent from volatile oil ofHemizonia fitchii (Asteraceae) (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 2131-2141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hemizonia fitchii ; Asteraceae ; Compositae ; 1,8-cineole ; eucalyptol ; mosquito repellent ; Aedes aegypti ; Diptera ; Culicidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The mosquito feeding and ovipositional repellency of the major monoterpenoid present in the volatile oil ofHemizonia fitchii (Asteraceae), i.e., 1,8-cineole, was investigated. Although 1,8-cineole did not exhibit any significant mosquito larvicidal activity, it was moderately effective as a feeding repellent and highly effective as an ovipositional repellent against adultAedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito). The ovipositional repellency of 1,8-cineole, coupled with the presence of severalHemizonia chromenes previously shown to possess mosquito larvicidal activity, may therefore account in large part for the observed suppression of local mosquito populations which was associated withH. fitchii plants in northern California.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012562
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biology of pheromone release by male caribbean fruit flies,Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 553-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Anastrepha suspensa ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; fruit flies ; pheromone ; volatiles ; lek ; circadian rhythm ; mating behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Males of the Caribbean fruit fly,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), typically form leks and attract females by releasing a multicomponent volatile pheromone. Previous reports have identified two nine-carbon alcohols, three lactones, a sesquiterpene, and a monoterpene in the volatiles. The present report is a study of the physiology of male pheromone release and of ecological and social interactions that influence pheromone release by laboratoryreared flies. Volatiles released by males were trapped on Tenax, eluted, separated, and quantitatively measured by gas chromatography. Experiments showed that the volatiles were primarily released from mouth and anus. Sealing the anal opening or the mouth with melted beeswax resulted in up to 40% or greater reduction in most components, and sealing both mouth and anus further reduced release of volatiles, but some volatiles are possibly still released directly from the cuticle. An anal pouch of everted tissue played a major role as a large evaporative surface for release of some of the volatile components. Male flies entrained to a 14∶10 light-dark cycle showed a peak release of volatiles at 11–12 hr into the photophase, but smaller quantities of the same volatiles were released over a broad period during the daylight hours. Laboratory-reared males peaked in pheromone release at 7–10 days and production and release continued through 35 days of age. Single males released significantly more of all components measured than did groups of males. The reduction by aggregations of males may be related to lekking behavior in this fruit fly. The pheromone probably serves to attract females to a lek site, but additional parameters are likely to enter into the choice of male made by the arriving female.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021786
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of larval and adult P-450 activity levels for alkaloid metabolism in desertDrosophila (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1893-1906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Diptera ; Drosophilidae ; cytochrome P-450 ; poly-substrate monooxygenase ; cactus ; alkaloids ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system has been implicated in plant utilization by at least three species ofDrosophila (D. nigrospiracula, D. mettleri, andD. mojavensis) that are endemic to the Sonoran Desert of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Basal and induced levels of total cytochrome P-450 were determined for third-instar and decapitated 2- to 5-day post eclosion adults of the three desert species. Total P-450 levels, both basal and induced for all species assayed, were significantly higher for adults than for larvae by up to 20-fold. On a per organism basis, the levels of in vitro metabolism of the cactus alkaloid, carnegine, and patterns of response to induction by cactus tissue for adult desertDrosophila approximated those of larvae. Induction by phenobarbital, however, resulted in levels of in vitro carnegine metabolism that were up to 5.6-fold higher in adults than in larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02066231
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting depth distribution of dragonflies and other benthic insects in a thermally destabilized reservoir (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 87 (1982), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: benthos ; depth distribution ; Diptera ; dragonfly ; Ephemeroptera ; Odonata ; reservoir ; South Carolina ; thermal effluent ; Trichoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates along a water depth gradient were studied in thermal and ambient temperature areas of a reservoir in the southeastern United States. Benthic samples were taken at 10 depths (0.16–5 m) during January–April, 1978. Factors affecting the depth distribution of Ceratopogonidae, Chaoboridae, Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, and Trichoptera are discussed. The relationship between abundance of organisms and water depth was more complex than an inverse relationship generally reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016660
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrocyclic polyethers as probes into pheromone receptor mechanisms of a sciarid fly,Lycoriella mali fitch (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diptera ; Sciaridae ; Lycoriella mali ; pheromone reception ; n-alkenes ; macrocyclic polyethers ; n-heptadecane ; cycloheptadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A series of experiments was undertaken in an effort to understand the possible role of chemical shape and, in particular, the steroid shape in the sex pheromone system of the sciarid fly,Lycoriella mali Fitch. A broad spectrum of compounds includingn-alkanes and macrocyclic polyethers (crown ethers) were tested on sciarid males which were significantly attracted to several test compounds, includingn-heptadecane (the natural pheromone), cycloheptadecane, and a newly synthesized 17-crown-5 isomer which apparently can adopt the steroid shape. The apparent relationship of shape to activity suggests that the steroid template may indeed be of some consequence in insect olfaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988233
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical attractants tested against the Australian bush flyMusca vetustissima (Diptera: Muscidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 261-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Bush fly ; Australian bush fly ; Musca vetustissima ; Diptera ; Muscidae ; chemical attractants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A number of chemical compositions known to attract several synanthropic and pest fly species were tested against the Australian bush flyMusca vetustissima, a severe and persistent pest of man and domesticated and wild mammals. A standard composition containing small quantities of trimethylamine and indole, blended with large amounts of ammonium sulfate and anchovy meal, showed good attractancy against this fly. Deletion of ammonium sulfate did not significantly alter attractancy. Similarly, incorporation ofn-butyric acid and linoleic acid into the formulation did not alter attractancy, nor did addition of several carbonates and bicarbonates. Skatole, a closely related compound to indole, decreased attractancy significantly. In all the tests, the attractant compositions lured greater number of females than males. The attractancy of the standard composition was studied and compared with equal amount of fresh cattle dung. Chemical attractants lured bush flies and not dung beetles, while dung attracted both flies and beetles. The dung resource was 4.6 × more attractive to flies than the standard attractant composition. This suggests that there are other chemical attractants emanating from dung that warrant isolation and identification work. Nevertheless, the chemical attractants studied here provide a starting point for further investigations. The ratio of female to male flies attracted to humans was greater than the ratio of flies attracted to chemicals. The sex ratio of flies netted from human host was 3.0, while the sex ratio of flies attracted to chemical attractants was 1.8. The preponderance of females attracted to both sources was probably due to physiological requirements of the sexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045609
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast and corn hydrolysates and other nutritious materials as attractants for onion and seed flies (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 555-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Onion fly ; Hylemya antiqua ; seedcorn fly ; Hylemya platura ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; yeast hydrolysates ; brewers' yeast ; food attractants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The attractancy of enzymatic yeast hydrolysate, a corn hydrolysate, brewers' yeast, honey, ammonia,n-dipropyl disulfide, and several combinations of these treatments was tested in an onion field containing onion flies,Hylemya antiqua (Meigen) and seedcorn flies,H. platura (Meigen). Enzymatic yeast hydrolysate (concentrated powder) proved to be highly attractive to both fly species; females were more responsive than males. Brewers' yeast and corn hydrolysate were intermediately attractive, while all other treatments were only slightly or not at all attractive. Although no steps were taken to prolong release of volatiles, some of the nutritious materials remained highly attractive even after 11 days. The yeast products may, at certain times, be even more attractive than specific host volatiles. However, their activity was not constant over time and may be influenced by the stage of reproductive development of female flies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987703
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