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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lifestyle Determinants of Bone Mineral: A Comparison Between Prepubertal Asian- and Caucasian-Canadian Boys and Girls (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral — Calcium — Physical activity — Children — Ethnicity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in lifestyle and morphometric factors that affect bone mineral and the attainment of peak bone mass in 168 healthy Asian (n = 58) and Caucasian (n = 110) Canadian, prepubertal girls and boys (mean age 8.9 ± 0.7) living in close geographical proximity. DXA (Hologic 4500) scans of the proximal femur (with regions), lumbar spine, and total body (TB) were acquired. We report areal bone mineral densities (aBMD g/cm2) at all sites and estimated volumetric density (νBMD, g/cm3) at the femoral neck. Dietary calcium, physical activity, and maturity were estimated by questionnaire. Of these prepubertal children, all of the boys and 89% of the girls were Tanner stage 1. A 2 × 2 ANOVA demonstrated no difference between ethnicities for height, weight, body fat, or bone mineral free lean mass. Asian children consumed significantly less dietary calcium (35%) on average and were significantly less active (15%) than their Caucasian counterparts (P 〈 0.001). There were significant ethnicity main effects for femoral neck bone mineral content (BMC) and αBMD (both P 〈 0.001) and significant sex by ethnicity interactions (P 〈 0.01). The Asian boys had significantly lower femoral neck BMC (11%), aBMD (8%), and νBMD (4.4%). At the femoral neck, BMFL mass, sex, and physical activity explained 37% of the total variance in aBMD (P 〈 0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated differences in modifiable lifestyle factors and femoral neck bone mineral between Asian and Caucasian boys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230010067
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional and total body bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and total body tissue composition in children 8–16 years of age (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 53 (1993), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone mineralization ; Body composition ; Children ; DXA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Normative values for total body bone mineral content (TBBM) and total body bone mineral density (TBMD) were derived from measurements on 234 children 8–16 years of age. In addition, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) values for selected regions of interest and soft tissue (bone free lean and fat) for the total body are presented. Bone mineral and soft tissue values were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a Hologic QDR-2000 in the array mode. Results of a stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between bone-free lean tissue (BFLT) and BMD (r2 = 0.80) in girls. Adding age to the equation accounted for an additional 2% of the variance (P 〈 0.05) and height accounted for another 1% of the variance (P 〈 0.05). Body weight and fat tissue (FT) did not account for any additional variance. In boys BFLT correlated significantly with BMD (r2 = 0.75;P 〈 0.05); none of the other predictor variables accounted for additional variance. No significant differences were found in TBBM or TBMD between boys and girls at any age. There was a significant overall gender effect for only three regions of interest. Boys had greater BMC in the head region and had greater BMD in the upper limbs, but post hoc analysis revealed no significant differences for any specific age groups. Girls had greater overall BMD in the pelvis, but this difference was only significant at the 15–6-year age group. The changes in BFLT and FT over the age ranges were consistent with the growth literature. The normative values can be applied to the assessment of children and adolescents with health problems that may impact on the skeleton as well as to research studies investigating bone mineral development in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01352007
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Densitometry in Canadian Children 8–17 Years of Age (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 344-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral content — Bone mineral density — Children — DXA.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Normative bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) values for the total body (TB), proximal femur (PF), and antero-posterior lumbar spine (LS) were obtained from a large cross-sectional sample of children and adolescents who were 8–17 years of age. There were 977 scans for the TB, 892 for the PF, and 666 for the LS; bone mineral values were obtained using a HOLOGIC QDR 2000 in array mode. Data are presented for the subregions of the PF (femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, and the total region) and for the LS (L1–L4 and L3). Female and male values for the FN, LS (L1–L4), and the TB were compared across age groups using a two-way ANOVA. In addition, we compared the 17-year-old female values to a separate sample of young adult women (age 21). At all these sites, BMC and BMD increased significantly with age. There was no gender difference in TB BMC until age 14 or in TB BMD until age 16, when male values were significantly greater. Females had significantly greater LS BMC at ages 12 and 13, but by age 17 the male values were significantly greater. Females had significantly greater LS BMD across all age groups, however. Males had significantly greater FN BMC and BMD across all age groups. There were no significant differences in BMC or BMD at any sites between the 17- and 21-year-old women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900138
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitor assessment by scent matching: an experimental test (1990)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 26 (1990), S. 415-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary If males assess potential opponents by comparing their odour with that of scent marks in the vicinity (the so called ‘scent matching’ hypothesis) they should be more reluctant to fight when these odours are the same. Under these circumstances the potential opponent is thus identified as a resource holder (a male monopolising a territory or group of females) that would escalate encounters to defend its resources. We tested this prediction by comparing the fighting behaviour of male house mice, Mus domesticus, when on a scent-marked substrate that matched the odour of an opponent with their behaviour on a substrate that did not match. As predicted, the delay before the first fight was longer and the rate of subsequent fighting lower when the scents matched. This result is consistent with the interpretation that resource holders scent mark to provide opponents with a means of competitor assessment and that they thus reduce the costs of resource defence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170899
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multiple-plant module for aseptic nutritional studies and the synthesis of mycorrhizas (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aseptic conditions ; Module ; Mycorrhizal synthesis ; New design ; Nutrient uptake ; Plant growth ; Temperature control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A general design of seedling chambers, set into sections controlling root temperature and supplying nutrients and within which aseptic conditions are maintained by membrane filters, is described. The designed module was used to study the formation of mycorrhizas and their effect on seedling growth at various levels of nutrient supply and root temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183984
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  • 6
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    Estimating the rate of poisoning by insecticide-treated seeds in a bird population (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-12
    Print ISSN: 0963-9292
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-3017
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    A comparison of the fine root component of a pure and a mixed coniferous stand (1988)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-11-01
    Description: Fine roots were sampled at monthly intervals during 1984–1985 in pure plots of Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) and mixed plots of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) and Sitka spruce established on an upland heath in 1969. Both types of planting had received phosphorus and potassium fertiliser but no nitrogen. The mean standing crop of live roots (
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Physiological indicators of tolerance to cold storage in Sitka spruce and Douglas-fir seedlings (1991)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-01
    Description: Two-year-old transplants and undercuts of Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco were cold-stored (1 °C) for 1 to 7 months ending in April 1989. Their physiological arid morphological condition at lifting and after storage was assessed and related to survival and height increment on a reafforestation site after one growing season. Physiological assessments made between October and April at lifting were root growth potential, tolerance of fine roots to chronic cold, shoot and root mitotic index, root elongation, and electrolyte leakage from the shoot and roots. Shoot cold hardiness was assessed between October and mid-December. The seasonal changes in these parameters and the effect of species and undercutting treatments are described. At lifting, root growth potential identified (i) differences due to species and undercutting treatments and (ii) the earliest possible safe lifting dates of P. menziesii but not of P. sitchensis. After cold storage, plant vigour was assessed by root growth potential and shoot and root membrane integrity. Membrane integrity of the fine roots was a very good indicator of survival. There was a highly significant, negative correlation between the rate of electrolyte leakage, indicating membrane damage, and survival (p ≤ 0.001, r = −0.90).
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    A multiple-plant module for aseptic nutritional studies and the synthesis of mycorrhizas (1982)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Excavation slope stability related to pore-water pressure variations during piling (1980)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-01
    Description: High excess pore-water pressures were measured within a confined stratum of loose silt underlying an excavation slope during pile-driving operations at the slope toe.The range of observed pore-water pressure increase with distance is generally in excess of previously published data. This is attributed to a combination of factors including superposition of increments of excess pore-water pressures generated during driving of individual piles within a group, redistribution of excess pore-water pressures with time, the effect of soil displacement in a confined loose silt layer, and the greater disturbance associated with driving batter piles as opposed to vertical piles. A further contributing factor was considered to be the increase in pore-water pressures due to small straining within the silt layer.Because of uncertainty regarding the accuracy of pore-water pressure predictions and the presence of deformation-sensitive services at the slope crest, the observational approach was adopted during construction.Based on the results of stability analyses using observed pore-water pressures in the field, the construction procedures were modified to maintain an adequate factor of safety and to minimize slope deformation. It was recognized that the method of analysis may have been conservative because changes in total stresses along potential failure surfaces were not taken into account.
    Print ISSN: 0008-3674
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6010
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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