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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 85 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stone samples from corroding historical buildings in Germany released NO in significant amounts during oxidation of ammonium to nitrate. Nitrite intermediately accumulated to low concentrations. Nitrification and NO release were detectable only in stones with neutral pH. Addition of nitrapyrin inhibited both ammonium oxidation and NO production. NO was produced in stone samples containing Nitrosomonas or Nitrosovibrio, but was not produced in samples containing only Nitrobacter. Addition of nitrite stimulated NO production in autoclaved stone samples significantly only if dried to 〈 2% water content, or in acidic stone samples. In moist neutral stones, NO production was only slightly stimulated by nitrite giving less than about 8% of the NO production observed under nitrifying conditions. Most of the NO production by corroding building stones was apparently due to ammonium-oxidizing nitrifiers.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 8 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 66 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The generation of ATP and NADH in total cells of Nitrobacter was measured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. NADH synthesis was driven by an ATP independent reaction with nitrite or nitric oxide as electron donors. The rate of NADH formation was about 200 times higher, if nitric oxide instead of nitrite served as electron donor. Approximately 2 mol nitric oxide were needed for reduction of 1 mol NAD+. Nitrite caused an end-product inhibition of the nitric oxide induced NADH synthesis. ATP was synthesized by NADH oxidation with oxygen and nitrate as terminal electron acceptors.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 17 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Heterologous DNA hybridization using a ribulose- 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCOase) large subunit gene (rbcL) probe from Anacystis nidulans revealed the presence of two rbcL in Nitrobacter hamburgensis. One gene is located on a plasmid, the other on the chromosome. The genes appear to be very similar since both hybridized strongly to the A. nidulans probe. However, restriction endonuclease digestions revealed differences.Two different RuBisCOase enzymes were isolated from N. hamburgensis. The Mr of the native enzymes were 520 000 and 480 000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polycrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed the presence of both LSU and small subunits (SSU) for both enzymes. The Mr were 53 000 and 16 000, and 49 000 and 13 500, respectively. A hexadecameric structure is suggested for both enzymes.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 36 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrobacter hamburgensis was shown to synthesize at least two distinct membrane-bound b-type cytochromes. One of these, a minor component detected during nitrite oxidation, was also found in the obligately autotrophic species Nitrobacter winogradskyi. During heterotrophic growth of N. hamburgensis a second (major) cytochrome b was detected, which we assume functions as an alternative terminal oxidase.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 24 (1990), S. 158-163 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45 (1994), S. 117-118 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Microbial deterioration of materials - simulation, case histories and countermeasures for inorganic nonmetallic materials: Attack of mortar by bacteria and fungi
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 41 (1990), S. 64-68 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbial destruction of ceramic materialsCeramic materials-natural stones, concrete, ceramics, and glass-are subjected to attack by microorganisms. This biodeterioration may contribute substantially to the decay of materials.Generally the biological testing of the resistance of ceramic materials to biogenic attack can not be substituted by chemical and/or physical testing. The biotest includes the evaluation of the interactions between microorganisms and environment, especially the substratum (ceramic material). In case of the biogenic sulfuric or nitric acid corrosion the biotest of the materials in a strictly controlled simulation apparatus resulted in differences of the materials durability, which could not be detected by other testing methods. Chemical sulfuric acid attack resulted in negligible differences. Thus the use of biotest systems enables us to detect within many different materials the appropiate ones.
    Notes: Generell ist festzustellen, daß der biologische Test des Widerstandsverhaltens eines Werkstoffes nicht durch chemische oder physikalische Testverfahren ersetzt oder gar ausgeschlossen werken kann. Der Biotest schließt die Untersuchung der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Organismen und Umwelt, in diesem Fall des Werkstoffes als Substratum (Unterlage) ein. Im Falle der biogenen Schwefelsäurekorrosion führte dies bei gleichen Voraussetzungen zu erheblichen Unterschieden im Widerstand der Prüfkörper. Parallel dazu durchgeführte chemische Untersuchungen mit Schwefelsäure bei einem pH-Wert um 1,5 zeigten nur geringe Unterschiede. Im Falle eines biologischen Angriffes erlaubt der Einsatz von Simulationsanlagen, aus vielen Werkstoffen die für einen Einsatz geeigneten herauszufinden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45 (1994), S. 96-104 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbial deterioration of materials - simulation, case histories and countermeasures: Testing of the resistance of ceramic materialsTesting of microbiologically influenced corrosion of ceramic materials by biogenic sulphuric and nitric acid corrosion is well described and applied for constantly moist buildings like sewage pipelines and cooling towers. The complex situation on historical buildings of natural sandstones has not yet been investigated in the laboratory.A double-chamber cabinet and a test system for the simulation of chemically (gaseous pollutants), combined chemically and microbiologically (gaseous pollutants plus nitrifying bacteria) and solely micro biologically (nitrifying bacteria) influenced corrosion of natural sandstone is presented.A high stone moisture was essential for the growth of nitrifying bacteria on test stones. Under optimum conditions a nitrifying biofilm developed on the calcareous Ihrlersteiner green sandstone, reducing the evaporation from the stone surface. Biofilm cells adapted well to high concentrations of gaseous pollutants (1,065 μg/m3 sulphur dioxide, 850 μg/m3 nitric oxide, and about 450 μg/m3 nitrogen dioxide): in the simulated smog atmosphere. The mean metabolic activities of ammonia oxidizers were 11 times and those of nitrite oxidizers 30 times higher than mean values of samples from historical buildings.The microbiologically, influenced nitric acid corrosion alone was 8 times stronger than the chemically influenced corrosion by the simulated smog atmosphere.If sulphur dioxide was added, the microbiologically produced nitrite was removed by chemodenitrification. Thus, the combined attack of nitrifying bacteria and gaseous pollutants did not result in an increased corrosion, but the nitrifying biofilm promoted the formation of gypsum.
    Notes: Testverfahren zur Messung der Zerstörung zementgebundener Werkstoffe durch biogene Schwefel- sowie Salpetersäurekorrosion sind für dauerfeuchte Bauwerke, wie Abwasserleitungen und Kühltürme gut beschrieben und werden in der Praxis eingesetzt. Die komplexe Situation an Hochbauten aus Naturstein wurde im Labor bisher nicht untersucht.Eine Doppelkammer-Simulationsanlage und ein Testsystem zur vergleichenden Untersuchung eines kombiniert chemisch und mikrobiologisch (Schadgase plus Nitrifikanten), rein chemisch (Schadgase) sowie rein mikrobiologisch (Nitrifikanten) verursachten Angriffs auf Naturstein werden vorgestellt.Eine hohe Gesteinsfeuchte war essentiell für die Besiedlung mit Nitrifikanten. Unter optimalen Bedingungen bildete sich auf den Prüfkörpern aus Ihrlersteiner Grünsandstein ein nitrifizierender Biofilm aus, der die Evaporation von der Gesteinsoberfläche stark verminderte. Die Nitrifikanten im Biofilm wurden durch eine simulierte Smogatmosphäre mit 1065 μg/m3 Schwefeldioxid, 850 μg/m3 Stickstoffmonoxid und etwa 450 μg/m3 Stickstoffoxid nur vorübergehend gehemmt. Die mittleren Nitrifikationsaktivitäten für Ammoniakoxidanten waren 11fach und jene für Nitritoxidanten 30fach höher als mittlere, für Gebäudeproben ermittelte Werte.Bei Abwesenheit von Schadgasen war die durch biogene Salpetersäurebildung verursachte Korrosion um den Faktor 8 stärker als der rein chemische Angriff durch eine Smogatmosphäre. In Gegenwart von Schwefeldioxid wurde das bei der Nitrifikation gebildete Nitrit durch Chemodenitrifkation entbunden. Infolgedessen wurde der biologische Angriff aufgehoben, und es dominierte der chemische Angriff durch Schwefeldioxid. Indirekt kam es jedoch zu einer Festschreibung der durch Schwefeldioxid verursachten Korrosion, indem der nitrifizierende Biofilm die Gipsbildung förderte.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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