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  • EDP Sciences  (34)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (34)
  • Oxford University Press  (25)
  • Springer Nature  (6)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (5)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 47 (1993), S. 139-166 
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: TOL plasmid PWWO of Pseudomonas putida contains two operons that specify a pathway for the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. The ‘upper’ operon encodes enzymes for the oxidation of toluene to benzoate and xylenes to toluates, whereas the meta-cleavage operon specifies the further oxidation of benzoate and toluates. Transcription of the upper pathway operon (s positively regulated by the XylR protein, which is activated by toluene/xylenes and their alcohol catabolic products, in combination with the NtrA protein, a sigma factor. Expression of the meta-operon is positively controlled by the XylS protein which is activated by meta-pathway substrates, and is Independent of NtrA protein. Expression of the meta pathway is also Induced by toluene/xylene-activated XylR protein via a cascade regulatory system in which this protein in combination with NtrA protein stimulates transcription from the xylS gene promoter. Hyper-production of XylS protein in turn provokes high level expression of the meta-operon, which is independent of meta-pathway substrates. The two promoters, which are activated by the XylR and NtrA proteins, the upper pathway promoter and the xylS gene promoter, exhibit three regions of homology centred at –12(5′–TTGCTÃG–3′), –24(5′ -TGGCPuT –3) and –45(5′-TTAAATÃGPuPuGCGPuTc-3′), with respect to their principal transcription initiation points. The possible physiological significance of activated XylR-protein-induced expression of the meta-operon through amplification of XylS protein levels is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Stimulation of transcription from the Pseudomonas TOL plasmid xylS gene promoter (Ps) and the upperpathway operon promoter (Pu) is dependent on the positive regulator protein XylR activated by an effector molecule such as 3-cholorotoluene, and on RpoN, an RNA polymerase sigma factor. Mutational analysis of the Ps and Pu promoters showed that upstream activator sequences located between -110 and -218bp upstream of the main transcription initiation point are required for regulated expression from these promoters. A search for homologous nucleotide sequences in the -110to -218bp region in Pu and Ps revealed conserved sequences that may act as putative recognition sequences for the XylR protein. Ps and Pu exhibit another well-conserved region at around 50 bp, which is homologous to corresponding sites in other RpoN-dependent promoters and may constitute a binding site for integration host factor (IHF).
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Groups of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L., broodstock were fed two pelleted, lipid-enriched diets [maize oil, low essential fatty acid (EFA) or fish oil, high EFA]. Those fed the high EFA diet for 12 months or only during vitellogenesis (September to February) with the low EFA diet fed for the remaining 6 months, showed improved egg quality and higher hatching rates when compared to two groups fed the high EFA diet during either previtel-logenesis (February to September) or the spawning period (February to April). The higher quality eggs contained higher levels of total n-3 fatty acids, including increased levels of both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapaentaenoic acid (EPA). High levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) were linked with the poorer quality eggs from those groups fed the low EFA diet during the period of vitellogenesis. The present work identifies vitellogenesis as the period in the maturation during which EFA are incorporated most effectively into the developing oocytes.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 56 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fifteen tagged female sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax were sampled weekly from September to April and plasma vitellogenin (VTG), testosterone (T), 17β-estradiol (E2), and two potential maturation inducing steroids (MISs): 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) and 17,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20βS) assayed. An oocyte sample was obtained via intraovarian cannulation at each sampling time from every female and the stage of development of the most advanced clutch of oocytes determined and related to VTG and hormone plasma levels for each female. The mean number of ovulations per female was 1·75+0·25 when those females that did not present ovulations were excluded and up to 4 ovulations detected in some females. The highest plasma levels of T (c. 6 ng ml-1) were observed during postvitellogenesis and the beginning of maturation while maximum plasma levels of E2 (〉5 ng ml-1) were obtained during late vitellogenesis. VTG plasma levels increased throughout vitellogenesis peaking (c. 2·5 mg ml-1) at postvittelogenesis. For the first time significant changes of plasma progestogens were detected in European sea bass during the sexual cycle. The highest plasma level of 17,20βP (c. 1·1 ng ml-1) was observed during postvitellogenesis while the highest level of 20βS (c. 1·4 ng ml-1) coincided with final maturation. These results suggest that 17,20βP and 20βS play a role in the early and final maturation, respectively, in the European sea bass.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 791 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 34 (1992), S. 823-836 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A domain-adaptive technique and an iterative, block bidiagonal method are used to analyse the unsteady dynamics of annular liquid membranes subject to fluctuations in the mass injected into the volume enclosed by the membranes. The domain-adaptive technique maps the unknown, time-dependent, curvilinear geometry of the liquid membrane into a unit interval. The condition that the membrane's radius is zero at the convergence point is used to determine the convergence length, which is governed by an ordinary differential equation. This equation is solved iteratively together with those which govern the fluid dynamics equations. A block bidiagonal technique is used to determine the mass per unit length, radius, and axial and radial velocity components of the membrane. It is shown that the pressure of the gases enclosed by the liquid membrane responds instantaneously to changes in and exhibits the same periodic behaviour as the mass injection rate. The convergence length takes a delay time to respond to the mass injection rate fluctuations. The magnitude of this delay time increases as the Froude and Weber numbers and the nozzle exit angle are increased. The amplitude of the oscillations of both the convergence length and the pressure coefficient increases as the pressure difference across the membrane and the amplitude of the mass injection rate fluctuations are increased.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der thermische Abbau von Poly-N-vinyl-carbazol (PVK) wurde mittels „flash“-Pyrolyse, kontrollierter Pyrolyse und dynamisch-thermogravimetrischer Analyse untersucht. Die Analyse der Abbauprodukte erfolgte über Gas-Flüssig-Chromatographie sowie Massenspektrometrie als Trennungs- und Identifizierungsverfahren. Das untersuchte PVK wurde durch radikalische Polymerisation in Benzol mit AIBN als Katalysator dargestellt.Aus den Versuchsergebnissen ergibt sich, daß PVK fast vollkommen über einen stufenweisen „unzipping“ Mechanismus in das Monomere zerfällt. Die Zusammensetzung der Pyrolysate ermöglicht eine Formulierung des Abbaumechanismus des Polymeren. Mit Hilfe des Verfahrens der multiplen Aufheizgeschwindigkeiten wurde die Kinetik des thermischen Abbaus untersucht. Die Bruttoaktivierungsenergie der Depolymerisation wurde zu 40 kcal/mol gemessen und für die Reaktionsordnung wurde ungefähŕ 1 gefunden.Es werden einige thermodynamische Betrachtungen aufgeführt, um den Wert der Aktivierungsenergie des gesamten Prozesses zu erklären. Es wird ein Mechanismus vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: The thermal degradation of poly-N-vinyl-carbazol (PVK) has been studied using flash pyrolysis, controlled pyrolysis and programmed thermogravimetry analysis techniques. The degradation products have been analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry as separation and characterization techniques. The examined PVK has been prepared by free radical polymerization in benzene using AIBN as catalyst.It is shown from experimental results that PVK breaks up almost completely into the monomer through a stepwise unzipping mechanism. The composition of the pyrolyzate allows to propose a mechanism for the polymer degradation. Thermal degradation rates have been analyzed using a multiple heating rates procedure. A value of 40 kcal/mol has been found for the overall activation energy of depolymerization and a value approximately equal to one for the order of reaction.Some thermodynamic considerations have been made in order to explain the value of the activation energy of the whole process. A mechanism is suggested.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 25 (1987), S. 1099-1111 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric relaxation behavior of a nonaligned and an aligned liquid-crystalline (LC) polymer are reported for the ranges 10-3.5 to 105 Hz and 274-363 K. Multiple processes (δ and α) are observed that follow a Vogel equation for the temperature dependence related to the apparent glass transition temperature. The occurrence of these processes and the variation in their relaxation strengths as sample alignment is changed is interpreted in terms of a molecular theory for the dielectric behavior of a LC polymer that involves the director order parameter Sd, the mesophase order parameter S, the dipole moment components of the mesogenic head groups, and their associated relaxation functions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The study of the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) excitation profiles of 1,5-dimethylcytosine on metal colloids allows a more detailed determination of the behavior of the functional groups of this molecule in the adsorption process on the metal supports. Silver has shown its effectiveness and selectivity as a support for this technique from the point of view of its stability and capability to enhance the Raman signal coming from the adsorbate. The results are discussed in terms of the two well-known theories proposed up to now to explain the SERS phenomenon: electromagnetic and chemical (or charge transfer) models. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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