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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (20)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (20)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • Cell Press
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural studies on chitosan and other chitin derivatives (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 2279-2286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Chitosan films were prepared by casting from solutions in dilute acetic acid containing methanol, acetone, or dimethyl sulfoxide. Induced changes in the structural orientation of the molecules within the film were studied by wide angle X-ray diffraction, and it was shown that the presence of a high concentration of organic solvent in solution altered the crystal structure of the resultant films, rendering them insoluble in water. Benzoylated and butyrylated derivatives of chitin and chitosan were prepared and characterised by infrared spectroscopy. Films of these derivatives were prepared by casting from a number of organic solvents and water, and the structures examined in more detail by wide angle X-ray diffraction. The introduction of the aliphatic and aromatic groups to the polysaccharide backbone was thus shown to disrupt the natural orientation of the polymer chains; the solubility of the acylated derivatives is discussed with respect to these structural changes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1989.021900928
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic investigation of cellulose degraded celluloses, and their phenylhydrazine derivatives in relation to assessment of degradation (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3063-3071 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ultraviolet absorption spectra of Cadoxen solutions of hydrocellulose and hydrocellulose phenylosazones are described. With solutions of hydrocellulose no simple relationship between D.P. and absorbance was found. Solutions of hydrocellulose phenylosazone in Cadoxen show well-defined maxima at 277 nm and 390 nm and do not change over 1 hr when oxygen is excluded. The absorbance of the phenylosazone at 390 nm may be used to determine the D.P. of the hydrocellulose samples.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070161202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dyeing of secondary cellulose acetate. Investigation of the surfaces of dyed fibers by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 2955-2961 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The surface areas of dyed and undyed secondary cellulose acetate fibers have been determined using low-temperature nitrogen gas adsorption by the method of Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller. The results confirmed earlier work using p-nitrophenol, in which it was shown that there is a marked change of surface area of dyed fiber in the region corresponding to a theoretical monolayer adsorption of the dye.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070201103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of dyestuffs onto chitin. External mass transfer processes (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4251-4261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of several variables on the adsorption rate of four dyestuffs onto chitin was studied. A model is proposed enabling the film mass transfer coefficients to be determined. The coefficients were independent of initial dye concentration, chitin mass, chitin particle size, and temperature; a slight dependence with agitation was obtained. The film mass transfer coefficients at 400 rpm were 2.8×10-3, 2.9×10-3, 3.9×10-3, and 0.9×10-3 cm/s for Acid Blue 25, Acid Blue 158, Mordant Yellow 5, and Direct Red 85, respectively.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The adsorption of dyes onto chitin in fixed bed columns and batch adsorbersCorrected proofs Received March 5, 1984 (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 1499-1514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chitin has the ability to adsorb substantial quantities of dyestuffs from aqueous solutions. Consequently, it may be a useful adsorbent for effluent treatment from textile mills. The design procedures for batch and continuous fixed bed adsorption columns have been investigated for four dyestuffs, namely, CI Acid Blue 25 (Telon Blue Anl, Bayer), CI Acid Blue 158 (Neolan Blue 29, Ciba Geigy) CI Mordant Yellow 5 (Eriochrome Flavine A, Ciba Geigy), and CI Dirert Red 84 (Solophenyl Brown 3RL, Ciba Geigy). The main fixed bed system variables studied are bed height, dye flow rate, and chitin particle size, and these effects have been incorporated into a simplified design model.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290504
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chitosan and modified chitosan membranes I. Preparation and characterisation (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 641-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chitosan has been prepared from prawn shell and crab shell chitin. The molecular weight of the material derived from prawn shells is higher than that obtained from crab shell. The molecular weight, tensile strength, elongation at the break, and hydrophilic properties of chitosan are extremely dependent on the degree of deacetylation achieved when chitin is hydrolyzed to chitosan. Graft copolymers have been prepared with chitosan and a series of vinyl monomers using both heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction conditions. The hydrophilic properties of chitosan can be modified by blending with poly(vinyl alcohol).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330226
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of hydrogen isotope transport in poly(vinyl fluoride) films by the permeation-rate method (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 809-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A novel gas-flow method of measuring the diffusion, solubility, and permeability of gases and vapors in polymer films is described. The specific advantages of this system over the time-lag technique are discussed. Transport data, including activation energies and enthalpies of solutions, for hydrogen and deuterium in poly(vinyl fluoride) are presented, and the effects of the glass transition and of orientation on the observed transport rates are discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160070506
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectroscopy and SEC of SRM 1487, a low molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate) standard (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 2409-2419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: MALDI-TOF-MS ; Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization ; poly(methyl methacrylate) ; α-methylstyrene ; copolymer ; standard reference materials ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) Time of Flight (TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) was used to study the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and the number of α-methyl styrene (α-MeSty) repeat units in SRM 1487, a narrow MWD poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) standard reference material of about 6300 g/mol, which was initiated with α-MeSty. It was found that each PMMA polymer chain had from zero to seven α-MeStys per chain. The MWD of the polymer chains containing a fixed number of α-MeStys was obtained. The MWD, Mw, and the average number of α-MeSty at a given molecular weight from MALDI TOF MS compare well with those obtained from more traditional methods such as ultracentrifugation and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). The implications of the number of α-MeStys per chain is discussed in terms of the chemistry of anionic polymerization. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2409-2419, 1997
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on modified chitosan membranes. II. Dialysis of low molecular weight metabolites (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The permeabilities of low molecular weight metabolites were determined through chitosan and a series of chitosan - poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) membranes. The dialysis studies were carried out in vitro using a diaphragm-type test cell. The basic metabolites (urea, creatinine, and glucose) show higher permeation rates than do the acidic metabolites (uric acid and phosphate) through all the modified membranes. The hydrophilicity of the membranes, molecular weight, and chemical nature of the metabolites were important parameters in determining transport properties of the membranes. It was observed that higher permeation rates can be obtained by manipulating the amount of PVP in the blended membranes. The PVP weight loss in the aqueous medium was negligible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on modified chitosan membranes. I. Preparation and characterization (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chitin was isolated from prawn shells, and chitosan was prepared from it. The degree of N-deacetylation and the molecular weight were determined using IR spectroscopy and viscometry, respectively. A series of different modified chitosan membranes were prepared by blending with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). These membranes were characterized by various techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffractometry (WAXD), and tensile testing. The physical, thermal, and mechanical properties were evaluated, and the change in these properties upon the addition of PVP into the blends has been discussed in terms of the amorphous and hydrophilic nature of PVP. Hydrophilicity of the blends increases due to the presence of PVP in the chitosan substrate. This helps in breaking the hydrogen bonds in between chitosan molecules and causes the blends to swell in three dimensions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460206
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