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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (1,377)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,377)
  • American Physical Society
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 37 (1988), S. 193-202 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: colorectal carcinoma ; Carcinoembryonic antigen ; UEA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Recent interest has focused on fucosylated epitopes expressed on human neoplasms. The plant lectin Ulex europus agglutinin, Type I (UEA) binds fucosylated oligosac-charides, while UEA-reactive substances have a tissue distribution similar to carci-noembryonic antigen (CEA). We sought to determine if UEA reacted with CEA in extracts of fresh primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas and paired normal tissues. The extracts were electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose membranes after the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE in 10% polyacrylamide gels. The transfer membranes were then stained with peroxidase-conjugated UEA (UEA-P) or antibody to CEA (CEA-P). UEA-P reacted with a 170-190-kDa band in extracts of 22 of 30 primary tumors, 10 of 12 metastases, but only 1 of 5 villous adenomas. UEA-P generally did not react with normal colon or liver extracts. UEA-P also did not bind to 170-190-kDa molecules in Western transfers of a breast carcinoma metastatic to bowel and a focal nodular hyperplasia of liver. CEA-P displayed similar reactivity and detected CEA in a tumor extract negative for UEA. Fucose blocked binding of UEA-P to Western transfers of tumor extracts. CEA-P reacted with a 170-190-kDa substance in tumor extracts eluted with fucose from a column of immobilized UEA. Thus, UEA reacts with fucosylated oligosaccharides on most, but not all, species of CEA and may be a useful adjunct to anti-CEA immunohis-tochemistry.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 26 (1990), S. 175-183 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Sperm antigen ; Testis ; Blood-testis ; barrier ; Antisperm antibodies ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The fertiization antigen (FA-1) isolated from murine testes demonstrated its dimeric form of 49,000 ± 2,000 molecular weight (M.W.) or a monomer of 23,000 M.W. on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The FA-1 was immunogenic in all three female rabbits tested and raised a high-titer antisera [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers; 1:1,024 to 1:4,096]. The rabbit anti-FA-1 antisera predominantly recognized the dimeric form of 49,000 ± 2,000 M.W. on the Western blot of lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS)-solubilized murine testes. None of the antisera reacted with any somatic tissue, indicating germ-cell specificity of FA-1. To determine the cellular localization of the immunoreactive FA-1, a novel ultrasensitive immunogold-silver staining (IGSS) procedure was developed. The anti-FA-1-lgG showed intense staining in the luminal region of the seminiferous tubules containing spermatids and spermatozoa. No reaction was observed in the peripheral area of the tubules containing Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, leptotene, and zygotene spermatocytes. The biodistribution studies of 125I-labeled anti-FA-1 lgG in mice revealed that the antibodies do not bind to somatic tissues such as blood cell, liver, heart, kidney, muscle, and gastrointestinal tissue and do not transudate into testes nad seminal vesicle. However, the antibodies preferentially transudate into epididymis (especially corpus or cauda regions) and vas deferens to bind to sperm cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that FA-1 can induce an immune response that is germ cell-specific, directed against later stages of spermatogenesis. The antibodies to FA-1 interact with sperm after penetration through epididymis (especially corpus and cauda regions) and vas deferens rather than through testes and seminal vesicles.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 2 (1985), S. 139-146 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Immunoelectron microscopy ; colloidal gold ; localization of proteins ; Sendai virus nucleocapsid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We have described an indirect immunoelectron microscope method to localize individual proteins on viral nucleocapsids using monoclonal antibodies and colloidal gold-conjugated second antibodies. The procedure provides good binding and retention of antibodies, good resolution(〈 24nm), and negligible nonspecific binding of antibodies to the background. In addition, the method is compatible with both negative and positive staining, the two staining procedures commonly used to derive ultrastructural information on viral chromosomes. We have illustrated the procedure by localizing the NP (nucleoprotein, ≍ 2,600 copies) and P (polymerase-associated protein, ≍ 300 copies) proteins on the nucleocapsid of Sendai virus, a paramyxovirus.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 111 (1962), S. 239-253 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Neurosecretory A cells in the pars intercerebralis of O. fasciatus were identified at the ultrastructural level. Fine structural study of the A cells of female insects during the period of production of the first batch of eggs revealed that these cells undergo qualitative and quantitative changes during the first eight days of adult life. The A cells appear to be inactive in the newly emerged females. There is a significant depletion of neurosecretory granules (NSG) in the perikarya in the 2-day-old females followed by an increase and decrease in the 4- and 6-day-old females, respectively. The A cells in the 8-day-old females showed an accumulation of NSG. The mitochondrial population increases after adult emergence reaching a peak in the 4-day-old females, and then declines gradually in the subsequent age groups. The effect of sublethal dose of gamma radiation on the ultrastructure of the A cells was also investigated. Radiation damage is evident as early as four hours after irradiation with 10 kR. There is considerable swelling of the lysosomes and the membrane system in the A cells of irradiated insects. Synthetic activity of the A cells, based on the distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and mitochondria, as well as release of the NSG are apparently inhibited after irradiation. Radiation-induced damage becomes more conspicuous as post-irradiation interval increases. It is surmised that the damage to the A cells might have contributed at least in part, to the failure of yolk deposition in the irradiated insects.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 351-355 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study, using the cobalt chloride technique, clarifies the origin of the giant axons in the cockroach, Periplaneta. Each giant axon in the ventral nerve cord arises from a single cell body located in the sixth abdominal ganglion. The position of the soma is always contralateral to the giant axon; it projects anteriorly. In six giant neurons, the axonic and dendritic branches are ipsilateral while the somata are contralateral. In two neurons, both the soma and the dendritic branches are ipsilateral while the axons are contralateral. The dendritic arborizations of the giant neurons form a dense and compact mass of neuropile in each half of the posterior and middorsal part of the ganglion where sensory fibers, primarily from the cercal nerves terminate. The relation of these findings to earlier electrophysiological studies is discussed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 203 (1990), S. 165-179 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light and scanning electron microscopy of vascular replicas from the facultative air-breathing fish Heteropneustes fossilis show modifications in the macrocirculation of the respiratory organs and systemic circulation, whereas, gill microcirculation is similar to that found in typical water-breathing fish. Three and sometimes four ventral aortae arise directly from the bulbus. The most ventral vessel supplies the first pair of arches. Dorsal to this another aorta supplies the second gill arches, and a third, dorsal to, and larger than the other two, supplies the third and fourth arches and the air sacs. Occasionally a small vessel that may be the remnant of a primitive aortic arch arises from the first ventral aorta and proceeds directly to the mandibular region without perfusing gill tissue. The air sac is perfused by a large-diameter extension of the afferent branchial artery of the fourth gill arch and its circulation is in parallel with the gill arches. Blood drains from the air sac into the fourth arch epibranchial artery. A number of arteries also provide direct communication between the efferent air sac artery and the dorsal aorta. All four gill arches are well developed and contain respiratory (lamellar) and nonrespiratory (interlamellar and nutrient) networks common to gills of water-breathing fish. Air sac lamellae are reduced in size. The outer 30% of the air sac lamellar sinusoids are organized into thoroughfare channels; the remaining vasculature, normally embedded in the air sac parenchyma, is discontinuous. A gill-type interlamellar vasculature is lacking in the air sac circulation. Despite the elaborate development of the ventral aortae, there is little other anatomical evidence to suggest that gill and air sac outflow are separated and that dorsal aortic oxygen tensions are maintained when the gills are in a hypoxic environment. Physiological adjustments to hypoxic water conditions probably include temporal regulation of gill and air sac perfusion to be effective, if indeed they are so.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 147 (1975), S. 9-21 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In vivo and in vitro experiments on the endocrine relationships of epidermal glands in the tokay Gekko gecko, and the common house gecko Hemidactylus bowringii are reported. The results show that certain aspects of ß-gland differentiation involve a synergistic action between androgens and those hormones responsible for controlling the normal shedding cycle, while other aspects are solely under androgenic control. Pre-anal organ activity appears to be solely under androgenic control.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 197 (1988), S. 183-191 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light- and electron-microscopic observations of the chemosensory areas of the arteries of the tortoise (Testudo hermanni) reveal that clusters of nonmuscular cells are found in the adventitial layer of restricted regions of the carotid artery, aortic arch, and pulmonary artery. In these clusters, three types of cells are complexly interwoven: the G-cell closely resembles the glomus cell, which has been found in the arterial chemoreceptor area of several animal species; the LG-cell has very large electron-dense granules; the third type is a G- and LG-cell supporting cell. Membrane specializations are often observed at apposing membranes between G-cells. Two kinds of nerve endings synapse with G-cells, one with numerous clear synaptic vesicles, the other without vesicles. Some G-cells are in membrane-to-membrane contact with smooth-muscle cells (g-s connection), and here a membrane thickening is visible. Nerve terminals with numerous synaptic vesicles synapse with the LG-cells. The G-cell in the carotid artery, the aorta, and the pulmonary artery is a chemoreceptor element ultrastructurally the same as the glomus cell in the arterial chemoreceptor area of various vertebrate species.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ovarian follicular dynamics and fluctuations in fat body, oviducal, and liver masses were studied in captive Rana cyanophlyctis in comparison with wild-caught frogs, sampled at monthly intervals over a period of 12 months. In both the captive and wil-dcaught frogs first growth phase (FGP) and second growth phase (SGP) or vitellogenic oocytes were produced throughout the period examined; however, changes in ovarian and oviducal weights were less marked in the former group.In the captive frogs SGP oocyte production was reduced by 50%, and, maximum ovarian weight and SGP oocyte number were attained 2-3 months earlier than in wild-caught controls. The FGP oocyte pool in laboratory-maintained frogs, however was comparable with that of the corresponding wild-caught frogs. Captivity caused a threefold increase in atresia and reduced the number of oocytes reaching SGP. The depletion of fat stores in fat bodies during the later phases of captivity suggests that the deposition of lipids into oocytes (for SGP) was given priority over storage in the fat bodies.The low oviducal weights of captive frogs was correlated with a reduced number of SGP oocytes, which are the source of estrogen. On the other hand, liver weight remained high, indicating adequate hepatic vitellogenin synthesis. Possible reduction in its output was not detected, possibly due to the reduced number of follicles reaching SGP. The findings indicate that stress of captivity decreases gonadotrophins and estrogen levels. Oviducal growth is reduced in captive frogs. It is hypothesized that in the frog oviducts respond to estrogen in a threshold-dependent manner, whereas the liver responds to it in relation to the length of exposure. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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