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  • Articles  (587)
  • Springer  (267)
  • Wiley  (118)
  • American Physical Society  (109)
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  • Articles  (587)
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 74 (1987), S. 445-446 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1987-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-1042
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1904
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 20 (1998), S. 237-250 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Transport ; Container ; Containerbelade-problem ; Tabu Search ; Praxisrelevante Restriktionen ; Packing ; Container ; Container loading problem ; Tabu search ; Practical restrictions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The paper presents a tabu search algorithm (TSA) for weakly heterogeneous container loading problems. The approach includes two integrated components: The generation of different stowage plans by means of a greedy algorithm and a tabu search using an appropriate representation of these plans. The TSA considers some restrictions of practical relevance. The overall algorithm has been applied to numerous benchmark problems and its performance is demonstrated by a numerical comparison with several loading procedures suggested by other authors.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gegenstand des Beitrags ist die Entwicklung eines Tabu Search-Verfahrens (TSV) für Containerbeladeprobleme mit schwach heterogenem Kistenvorrat. Das TSV basiert auf einem zweistufigen Verfahrensansatz. Ein integrierter Greedy-Algorithmus dient unmittelbar der Erzeugung von Stauplänen. Vermittelt über eine geeignete Repräsentation zulässiger Problemlösungen wird in einer zweiten Verfahrensstufe eine Tabu-Suche durchgeführt. Das TSV berücksichtigt einige praxisrelevante Restriktionen. Die Performance des TSV wird anhand von Benchmarkproblemen aus der Literatur demonstriert, wobei Containerbeladeverfahren verschiedener Autoren zu Vergleichszwecken herangezogen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 20 (1981), S. 96-106 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Zuckeraustauschstoffe ; Palatinit ; Karies ; Mundflora ; Tierexperiment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Several cariogenic bacterial species, a mixed streptococci flora composed of nine species, as well as the plaque- and saliva-mixed flora from human beings were tested for acid production from the sugar substitute palatinit, which was compared to sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol and the low molecular carbohydrates sucrose, glucose and fructose. Complementary experiments with gnotobiotic and conventionally fed rats were performed in order to test the cariogenic properties of palatinit and palatinitchocolate in comparison to xylitol, sorbitol and sucrose and the corresponding chocolate substances. Palatinit and palatinit-chocolate show highly significant lower cariogenic properties than sucrose and sucrose-chocolate. On the basis of these microbiological and animal experiments, the use of palatinit as sugar substitute for caries prophylaxis can be recommended.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe kariesätiologisch wichtiger Bakterienarten, eine Streptokokken-mischflora aus 9 Arten sowie die Plaque- und Speichelmischflora des Menschen wurden im In-vitro-Versuch auf ihr Säurebildungsvermögen aus dem neueren Zuckeraustauschstoff Palatinit® überprüft. Als Vergleichssubstanzen dienten Sorbit, Mannit, Xylit und die niedermolekularen Kohlenhydrate Saccharose, Glucose und Fructose. Ergänzende Untersuchungen wurden ferner im konventionellen und gnotobiotischen Tierexperiment mit Ratten über die kariogenen Eigenschaften des reinen Palatinits und von Palatinitschokolade im Vergleich zu Xylit, Sorbit und Saccharose sowie den entsprechenden Schokoladeprodukten durchgeführt. Im Gegensatz zur Saccharose und Saccharoseschokolade zeigten Palatinit und Palatinitschokolade hoch signifikant geringere kardiogene Eigenschaften. Auf Grund dieser Versuchsergebnisse kann der Palatinit als Saccharoseaustauschstoff für den Einsatz in der Kariesprophylaxe empfohlen werden.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 3 (1982), S. 193-198 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Using a concrete example two linear optimization models based on the following cutting stock problem are compared: A stock of rolls of a synthetic cloth has to be cut such that the sum of net returns and the value of the residual stock at the end of the planning period is maximized. Since a limited number of cutting patterns is heuristically choosen the first model yields sub-optimal solutions only. On the contrary, the second model usesall relevant cutting patterns and provides an optimal solution.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An einem realen Beispiel werden zwei lineare Optimierungsmodelle verglichen, denen folgendes Dispositionsproblem zugrunde liegt: Ein Ausgangsprodukt ist durch Verschnitte so weiter zu verarbeiten, daß die Summe aus Nettoerlösen und bewerteten Restbeständen auf Lager maximal wird. Das erste Modell liefert aufgrund einer beschränkten Anzahl heuristisch vorgegebener Schnittmuster i. a. nur suboptimale Lösungen. Das zweite, verbesserte Modell berücksichtigt im Gegensatz dazualle sinnvollen Schnittmuster und führt zu einer optimalen Lösung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 340 (1991), S. 281-286 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70.Cd ; 24.50.+g
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The energy dependence of the one- and two-particle transfer reactions90Zr(16O,17O)89Zr,90Zr(16O,15N)91Nb and90Zr(16O,14C)92Mo was studied at bombarding energies of 80MeV, 138.2 MeV and 194.4 MeV. A comparison with one-step DWBA calculations shows good agreement for the one-particle transfers over the whole energy range. For the two-proton transfer reaction (16O,14C) the discrepancies between experiment and theory are large with an exponential decrease towards higher energies. Current theories are unable to describe this behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 54 (1998), S. 1161-1167 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Natriuretic peptides in plants; water channels; cGMP; HgCl2; 2H NMR.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Immunological evidence suggests that plants, like vertebrates, contain natriuretic peptides (NPs) and that rat atrial NP (rANP) binds specifically to plant membranes and promotes concentration and conformation-dependent stomatal opening. Stomatal opening and specific increases in cGMP levels were also observed in response to immunoreactive plant NP (irPNP). Here we report that both 1 μM rANP and irPNP (100 ng total protein/100 μL) significantly increase radial water movements out of the xylem of shoots of Tradescantia multiflora. Enhanced radial water movements are also observed in response to the cell permeant cGMP analogue 8-Br-cGMP (100 nM). The water channel inhibitor mercuric chloride (HgCl2) significantly inhibits radial water movements at concentrations of 50 μM, while the presence of 10 μM 2-hydroxyethylmercaptoethanol (ME) prevents the inhibitory effect of the mercurial. The guanylate cyclase inhibitor LY 83583 at a concentration of 20 μM and sodium azide (NaN3) at concentrations of ≥ 1 μM both also reduce radial water movements. We therefore conclude that the regulation of radial water movement out of the xylem involves modulation of cGMP levels, water channels and respiration-dependent processes. In addition, we propose that NPs have a critical role to play in radial water movements out of the xylem and speculate that as in vertebrates, NP effects might, at least in part, be mediated via the regulation of guanylate cyclases and water channels.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 54 (1998), S. 272-276 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Natriuretic peptide; kinetin; abscisic acid; cGMP; stomata; guard cells.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Immunological evidence suggests that plants contain natriuretic peptides (NPs) and furthermore (3- [125I]iodotyrosol28) rat atrial NP (rANP) binds specifically to plant membranes. rANP and immunoaffinity-purified plant NP analogues also promote concentration-dependent stomatal opening. Here we report that kinetin, a synthetic cytokinin, and rANP induce stomatal opening in Tradescantia albiflora and that the effect of rANP is critically dependent on the secondary structure of the peptide hormone. The native circular molecule is active, whereas the linearized molecule shows no biological activity. Furthermore, kinetin- and rANP-induced stomatal opening is reversibly inhibited by two in hibitors of guanylate cyclase, LY 83583 and methylene blue. Stomatal opening is also induced in a concentration-dependent manner by the cell-permeant cyclic guanosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) analogue 8-Br-cGMP, and this effect is prevented by the stomatal closure promoting plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). We conclude that in guard cells kinetin and rANP pathways operate via guanylate cyclase upregulation, and we propose that ABA-induced closure is not cGMP-dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 134-135 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Methode zum Gefrieren lebender Ovarien vonDrosophila melanogaster-Larven wird beschrieben Diese Gefrierkonservierung ist geeignet, Mutantenstämme aufzubewahren
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