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  • thermogenesis  (3)
  • flowing polymer solution  (2)
  • pharmacokinetics  (2)
  • Springer  (7)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • Nature Publishing Group
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (7)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • Nature Publishing Group
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermogenic effects of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and its analogues in the rat (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 40-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: TRH ; TRH analogues ; thermogenesis ; brown adipose tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acute or chronic injection of RX 77368 (a TRH analogue; 1 mg/kg s.c.) stimulated oxygen consumption (VO2) and brown adipose tissue activity in the rat, and decreased weight gain Other TRH analogues (CG 3509, RGH 2202) and TRH itself also stimulated VO2. These thermogenic actions are probably mediated centrally by stimulation of sympathetic outflow to brown fat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960238
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of S(+)- and R(−)-ibuprofen in volunteers and first clinical experience of S(+)-ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 493-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ibuprofen ; rheumatoid arthritis ; enantiomer ; stereoselectivity ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary S(+)-, R(−)- or racemic ibuprofen was administered orally to volunteers in doses of 150 mg, 300 mg and 500 mg pure S(+)-, 300 mg pure R(−)- and 600 mg racemic ibuprofen. The pharmacokinetic parameters in humans showed that S(+)-ibuprofen was not inverted to R(−)-ibuprofen, whereas R(−)-ibuprofen was inverted to S(+)-ibuprofen to a variable degree. S(+)-ibuprofen and R(−)-ibuprofen given alone more rapidly reached significantly higher maximal plasma concentrations than after the same doses of the racemic compound. The elimination half-lives and clearance values for all three forms of ibuprofen were comparable. The mean residence time of S(+)-ibuprofen after R(−)- and racemic ibuprofen was significantly longer than after administration of the pure S(+)-enantiomer. Judged by the AUC, the bioavailability of S(+)-ibuprofen was independent of the dose within the range tested. Administration of S(+)-ibuprofen to 6 rheumatic patients showed that the pharmacokinetic behaviour of S(+)-ibuprofen in patients was similar to that found in volunteers. S(+)-ibuprofen proved to be an effective analgesic antirheumatic drug in the dose range 1 to 1.5 g/day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02336690
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of 6-thiouric acid and 6-mercaptopurine in renal allograft recipients after oral administration of azathioprine (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 265-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: azathioprine ; 6-thiouric acid ; 6-mercaptopurine ; renal transplantation ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunosuppressive activity of azathioprine (AZA) is unpredictable and depends on the formation of intracellular thiopurine ribonucleotides. However, the quantification of these active thiopurines presents difficult analytical problems. It has recently been postulated that plasma concentrations of 6-thiouric acid (6-TU) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), metabolites of AZA, may provide more readily measurable indices of the pharmacologic activity of AZA. In order to evaluate the utility of 6-TU and 6-MP plasma concentrations in monitoring AZA therapy, we studied their pharmacokinetics in 6 renal transplant patients, and their in vitro immunosuppressive potency in a mixed lymphocyte proliferation assay. A peak plasma 6-TU concentration of 710.7 ng/ml was observed at 3.8 h after oral dosing. Good correlation was observed between the elimination t1/2 of 6-TU and serum creatinine, and between AUC over 24 h and serum creatinine. However, we did not observe a second peak in plasma 6-TU concentration that could be attributed to the degradation of active AZA metabolites. 6-MP plasma concentrations in the patients were low (mean peak concentration 36.0 ng/ml) and rapidly disappeared within 8 h. In vitro immunosuppressive activity could not be demonstrated for 6-TU over a concentration range of 1.25 ng/ml to 0.25 mg/ml. We conclude that 6-TU is pharmacologically inert and is primarily eliminated by the kidneys. Our findings currently do not support the use of plasma concentrations of 6-TU or 6-MP to monitor AZA therapy. In order to optimize AZA therapy, analytical techniques that are technically feasible and that can directly quantify the active intracellular thiopurines are being explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558158
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological measurements and light-scattering experiments of dilute solutions of high molecular polystyrene. Light-scattering of flowing polymer solutions (1991)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 1250-1256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Light-scattering ; flowing polymer solution ; dilute polymer solution ; orientation and deformation of macromolecules ; polystyrene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We describe the behavior of dilute polymer solutions by means of light-scattering under shear flow. Solution properties of polystyrene in benzene over a wide range of molecular weight has been studied to determine the coefficientsa andK of the Mark-Houwink relationship and to estimate the rheological conditions with regard to light-scattering experiments of flowing polymer solutions. The investigations were carried out to measure the shear-rate dependence of macromolecules in solution, e.g., to observe an orientation and changing of the mean-square radius of gyration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652533
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Taylor vortex flow by means of laser light scattering (1992)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 31 (1992), S. 274-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Light-scattering ; flowing polymer solution ; dilute polystyrene solution ; Taylor-vortex ; solvent power
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rheological measurements and light-scattering experiments were performed on dilute solutions of high molecular polystyrene. We are able to describe the orientation behavior of chain molecules under shear flow by means of light-scattering. Beyond that these investigations of light-scattering of flowing polymer solutions are an useful and suitable tool for detection and characterization of Taylor vortex formation. We can estimate the appearance of these hydrodynamic instabilities, which overlay the laminar main flow and we can observe a typical influence of the solvent power on it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366506
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in thermogenesis and brown fat activity in response to tumour necrosis factor in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 7 (1987), S. 791-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: tumour necrosing factor ; brown fat ; thermogenesis ; GDP-binding ; food intake ; body weight ; rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A single intravenous injection of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor (TNF) resulted in significant, but transient (24–48 hr) reductions in food intake and body weight, and increases in rectal temperature, resting oxygen consumption (VO2) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity (mitochondrial GDP-binding). The increased VO2 was inhibited by β-adrenergic blockade (propranolol), and activation of BAT was prevented by denervation of the tissue. In adult (4-month old) animals, TNF induced greater reductions in food intake and body weight, caused general malaise and some fatalities, but did not significantly alter VO2 or BAT activity. However, the reduction in VO2 following β-adrenergic blockade was greater in TNF-treated rats and BAT activity was enhanced when compared to pair-fed controls. Injection of adult rats with gamma-interferon induced small changes in body weight and temperature which were slightly potentiated when injected with a low dose of TNF. The results indicate that TNF stimulates sympathetic outflow to BAT. This effect may be partly responsible for the increases in body temperature and metabolic rate associated with TNF treatment and with cancer cachexia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01116752
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whither brown fat? (1986)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 6 (1986), S. 3-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: brown adipose tissue ; thermogenesis ; cold ; diet ; neural control ; hormonal control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01145174
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