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  • Articles  (10)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (10)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution x-ray spectrometer based on spherically bent crystals for investigations of femtosecond laser plasmas (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 4049-4053 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Ultrashort-pulse, laser-produced plasmas have become very interesting laboratory sources to study spectroscopically due to their very high densities and temperatures, and the high laser-induced electromagnetic fields present. Typically, these plasmas are of very small volume and very low emissivity. Thus, studying these near point source plasmas requires advanced experimental techniques. We present a new spectrometer design called the focusing spectrometer with spatial resolution (FSSR-2D) based on a spherically bent crystal which provides simultaneous high spectral (λ/Δλ(approximate)104) and spatial resolution ((approximate)10 μm) as well as high luminosity (high collection efficiency). We described in detail the FSSR-2D case in which a small, near point source plasma is investigated. An estimate for the spectral and spatial resolution for the spectrometer is outlined based on geometric considerations. Using the FSSR-2D instrument, experimental data measured from both a 100 fs and a nanosecond pulse laser-produced plasma are presented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149249
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge and mass resolved time of flight observations of 140 fs laser produced ions : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 333-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Ions from this plasma are self-extracting with energies of 0.1 to 100 keV, the extraction potential being one of the desired observables. The charge/mass (z/μ, μ is mass in AMU) separation is provided by a static magnetic field (B⋅L=1280 G cm, FWHM=14 mm) located 5 cm from the linear (1−d) detector. Displacement along the detector axis is thus proportional to z/μ(1/v). The detector is a gold cathode MCP with a fast (sub-ns) phosphor. The phosphor output is coupled into a streak camera (typical sweep 8.5 or 24 μs total) through a coherent fiber bundle. Streak images are grabbed with a 14-bit CCD. The signature of any specific ion is a straight line of slope proportional to z/μ. Since there are usually more than one charge state of a given ion, integer multiple slopes appear. Thus z and m can be found. Absolute calibration is taken from the slope of the proton streak, which is always present with our plasmas. While providing the same information as a Thomson parabola, the straight line images are easier to extract information from and offer resolution with less energy dependence. By providing mass and time of flight information, the product of z⋅Te can be determined unambiguously during the hydrodynamic acceleration of the plasma. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146404
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pixel array detector for time-resolved x-ray scattering : The 9th National conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3360-3360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the development of a large area hybrid pixel detector designed for time-resolved synchrotron x-ray scattering experiments in which limited frames, with a high framing rate, are required. The final design parameters call for a 1024×1024 pixel array device with 150-micron pixels that is 100% quantum efficient for x-rays with energy up to 20 keV, with a framing rate in the microsecond range. The device will consist of a fully depleted diode array bump bonded to a CMOS electronic storage capacitor array with eight frames per pixel. The two devices may be separated by a x-ray blocking layer that protects the radiation-sensitive electronics layer from damage. The signal is integrated in the electronics layer and stored in one of eight CMOS capacitors. After eight frames are taken, the data are then read out, using clocking electronics external to the detector, and stored in a RAM disk. Results will be presented on the development of a prototype 4×4 pixel electronics layer that is capable of storing at least 10,000 12-keV x-ray photons for a capacity of over 50 million electrons with a noise corresponding to 2 x-ray photons per pixel. The diode detective layer and electronics storage layer along with the radiation damage and blocking layers will be discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147389
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the lumped τ2 effect in relaxation calorimetry (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 273-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In thermal relaxation calorimetry, the heat capacity can be calculated from the time constant τ1=Cp/Kb of the exponential decay of the cooling curve. If the thermal bond between the sample and sample holder is poor, the cooling curve is described by T−T0=A1 exp(−t/τ1)+A2 exp(−t/τ2). Analysis shows that the heat capacity of the sample plus addenda is Cp=Kb (A1τ1+A2τ2)/(A1+A2). For most cases, a good approximation is given by Cp=Kb (A1τ1/ΔT), which does not require the measurement of A2 or τ2. An expression is presented for calculating the conductance of the thermal bond of the sample to the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138343
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafast x-ray streak camera for use in ultrashort laser-produced plasma research : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 719-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In recent years there has been growing interest in energetic ((approximately-greater-than)100 eV), temporally short (〈10 ps) x rays produced by ultrashort laser-produced plasmas. The detection and temporal dispersion of the x rays using x-ray streak cameras has been limited to a resolution of 2 ps, primarily due to the transit time dispersion of the electrons between the photocathode and the acceleration grid. The transit time spread of the electrons traveling from the photocathode to the acceleration grid is inversely proportional to the accelerating field. By increasing the field by a factor of 7, we have minimized the effects of transit time dispersion in the photocathode/accelerating grid region and produce an x-ray streak camera with subpicosecond temporal resolution (≈900 fs). The streak camera has been calibrated using a Michelson interferometer and 100 fs, 400 nm laser light. The characteristics of the streak camera, along with the most recent x-ray streak data will be presented. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146269
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of InP:Fe photoconductors as a fast and sensitive soft x-ray detector and bolometer (abstract) (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 846-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recently we have demonstrated that InP:Fe photoconductors are fast (FWHM∼150 ps), sensitive (2.7×10−3 A/W), and flat response soft x-ray detectors using synchrotron radiation from the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory.1 We have applied these to the measurement of the radiation emitted by a collapsing annular gas (argon) puff z-pinch plasma. The detector was used in two modes of operation: (1) a filtered soft x-ray detector as a pinch diagnostic and (2) a fast unfiltered bolometer to measure the total radiated power as a function of time. We will compare the performance of the photoconductors to other common fast x-ray detectors and bolometers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138064
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared emission as a diagnostic for a collapsing gas shell Z-pinch (abstract) (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 937-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The shape and absolute intensity of the infrared emission as a function of wavelength can yield information about the conditions in a plasma. This diagnostic technique has been reviewed by Zwicker,1 who gives several examples of its application to low density plasmas. We have applied this diagnostic, for the first time, to a high density (∼1020 cm−3) plasma, a collapsing gas (argon) shell Z pinch. Using a fast Au doped Ge detector and infrared notch filters we have scanned the emitted spectrum from ∼0.5 to 8.2 μm with l-ns time resolution. This spectral range encompasses the optically thin-to-thick transition as well as the plasma frequency at the time of peak compression. We will present this data along with an interpretation which allows us to follow the development of the pinched column during the thermalization stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138049
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diagnostics for ultrashort laser produced plasma experiments (abstract) : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5115-5115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The characterization of subpicosecond laser produced plasmas is currently being investigated by the Livermore ultrashort pulse laser group. A 800-nm, 150-fs, 35-mJ laser is focused to a 7-μm spot on solid aluminum targets, producing XUV (〈1 keV), K shell (1.5–30 keV), and hard (≥3.0 keV) x-ray emission. The K-shell emission is studied using a Von Hamos crystal spectrograph with a KAP crystal curved to an 80-mm radius, resulting in a calculated resolution of E/ΔE≈400. The dispersed x rays are detected with a microchannel plate intensified reticon detector which relays the images out of the chamber and displayed on a computer monitor. The hard x rays are monitored with an array of filter x-ray diodes, covering energies from 3 to 75 keV. The XUV emission is monitored with a variably spaced line grating, flat field spectrometer, and a grazing incidence spectragraph. The diagnostics will be presented along with current data from experiments. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143456
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  • 9
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    A compact broadband ion beam focusing device based on laser-driven megagauss thermoelectric magnetic fields (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-14
    Description: Ultra-intense lasers can nowadays routinely accelerate kiloampere ion beams. These unique sources of particle beams could impact many societal (e.g., proton-therapy or fuel recycling) and fundamental (e.g., neutron probing) domains. However, this requires overcoming the beam angular divergence at the source. This has been attempted, either with large-scale conventional setups or with compact plasma techniques that however have the restriction of short ( 50 ps), thermoelectric multi-megagauss surface magnetic (B)-fields, compact capturing, and focusing of a diverging laser-driven multi-MeV ion beam can be achieved over a wide range of ion energies in the limit of a 5° acceptance angle.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    Development of a ten inch manipulators-based, flexible, broadband two-crystal spectrometera) (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-29
    Description: We have developed and implemented a broadband X-ray spectrometer with a variable energy range for use at the Atomic Weapons Establishment's Orion Laser. The spectrometer covers an energy bandwidth of ∼1–2 keV using two independently mounted, movable Bragg diffraction crystals. Using combinations of cesium hydrogen pthlate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and pentaerythritol crystals, spectra covering the 1.4–2.5, 1.85–3.15, or 3.55–5.1 keV energy bands have been measured. Image plate is used for detection owing to its high dynamic range. Background signals caused by high energy X-rays and particles commonly produced in high energy laser experiments are reduced by a series of tantalum baffles and filters installed between the source and crystal and also between the crystals and detector.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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