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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission near-field scanning microscope for infrared chemical imaging (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 2795-2799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report transmission infrared near-field scanning microscopy (IR-NSOM) imaging of chemically amplified photoresist polymers patterned by ultraviolet exposure. Chemical specificity was attained using infrared wavelengths tuned to the 3 μm OH stretch absorption band of the polymer, a band sensitive to the chemical changes characteristic of the lithographic photochemical process of this material. Contrast mechanisms are discussed together with the IR-NSOM specifics, such as the fabrication of an infrared near-field probe with high throughput, which lead to an attainable resolution of λ/10 and a transmission sensitivity of 1%. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371127
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier-transform microwave spectrum, structure, harmonic force field, and hyperfine constants of sulfur chloride fluoride, ClSF (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 10037-10047 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rotational spectrum of sulfur choride fluoride, ClSF, has been observed for the first time in the frequency range 8–26 GHz by means of a pulsed molecular jet Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The unstable sample molecule has been prepared using a pulsed electrical discharge in jets containing a mixture of SF6 and SCl2 in Ne. Besides the parent species 35Cl32S19F, the isotopomers 37Cl32S19F and 35Cl34S19F could be observed in natural abundance. Rotational constants and quartic centrifugal distortion constants as well as nuclear quadrupole coupling constants due to 35Cl and 37Cl and spin–rotation constants due to 35Cl, 37Cl, and 19F are given. The data were used for the determination of r0, rΔP, rs structural parameters. Additionally, the new data were used for the refinement of the molecular harmonic force field. Results from those harmonic force field calculations were applied in the evaluation of the ground-state average structure, rz, and the estimation of the equilibrium structure, re. The rs structure is r(SF)=160.653(162) pm, r(SCl)=199.437(65) pm, and (angle)(ClSF)=100.732(81)°. The diagonal elements of the 35Cl/37Cl quadrupole coupling tensors have been obtained, and are interpreted in terms of the bonding at 35Cl/37Cl. Negative 19F spin–rotation constants suggest a close analogy of the electronic structures of ClSF and SF2. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474061
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Verteilung feulgenpositiver Substanz in Proteus vulgaris (1957)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 44 (1957), S. 186-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00599867
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PDE methods in flow simulation post processing (2000)
    Springer
    Computing and visualization in science 3 (2000), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0369
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Vector field visualization is an important topic in scientific visualization. The aim is to graphically represent field data in an intuitively understandable and precise way. Two novel methods are described which enable an easy perception of flow data. The texture transport method especially applies to timedependent velocity fields. Lagrangian coordinates are computed solving the corresponding linear transport equations numerically. Choosing an appropriate texture on the reference frame the coordinate mapping can be applied as a suitable texture mapping. Alternatively, the aligned diffusion methods serves as an appropriate scale space method for the visualization of complicated flow patterns. It is closely related to nonlinear diffusion methods in image analysis where images are smoothed while still retaining and enhancing edges. Here an initial noisy image is smoothed along streamlines, whereas the image is sharpened in the orthogonal direction. The two methods have in common that they are based on a continuous model and discretized only in the final implementational step. Therefore, many important properties are naturally established already in the continuous model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013547
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic investigations of zymomonas mobilis cells grown in low and high glucose concentrations (1982)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1982), S. 136-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Zymomonas mobilis cells grown in the presence of low and high glucose concentrations were examined by electron microscopy. Using ultrathin sectioning and agar diffusion method, significant changes in morphology were observed. Although the fine structure resembles that of a typical gram-negative bacterium, changes in glucose concentration and phases of growth lead to large cell wall vesicle or blebs formation. The possible implications of this morphological change to glucose uptake and ethanol formation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500742
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine systematische Herleitung verbesserter Plattengleichungen (1984)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 54 (1984), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Starting from the basic equations of the linear three-dimensional elasticity theory, plate-equations are established by means of the principle of virtual displacements. The displacements and the strains are expanded into power series in terms of the thickness coordinate. To reduce the system of equations, auxiliary variables are introduced which are derived from the two-dimensional vector field of the displacements U and V in the middle surface. The deflection of the middle surface can be split into two parts. One can be determined with the classical plate equation and the other results from the consideration of normal-stress in thickness direction. Neglecting the last partial deflection and disregarding very quickly decaying boundary effects, an approximate theory is obtained. This theory allows to satisfy three boundary conditions on each boundary.
    Notes: Übersicht Ausgehend von den Grundgleichungen der linearen dreidimensionalen Elastizitätstheorie werden durch Entwicklung der Verschiebungen und der Verzerrungen in Potenzreihen bezüglich der Dickenkoordinate Plattengleichungen aus dem Prinzip der virtuellen Verrückungen hergeleitet. Zur Vereinfachung dieser Gleichungen werden Hilfsgrößen eingeführt, die sich aus dem ebenen Vektorfeld der Verschiebungen U und V in der Plattenebene berechnen. Die Durchbiegung der Mittelfläche läßt sich in zwei Anteile aufspalten: einen, der sich aus der klassischen Plattengleichung bestimmen läßt und einen weiteren, der aus der Berücksichtigung der Normalspannung in Dickenrichtung entsteht. Vernachlässigt man diese letzte Teildurchbiegung und außerdem sehr rasche abklingende Randstörungen, so erhält man eine Näherungstheorie, welche die Erfüllung von drei Randbedingungen je Plattenrand erlaubt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00533171
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strukturveränderungen am “Murein-Sacculus” von Spirillum serpens nach Einwirkung von Uranylacetat (1969)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 68 (1969), S. 150-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hochgereinigte Murein-Sacculi von Spirillum serpens wurden nach Behandlung mit einer bei pH 4,5 gepufferten 0,012 M Lösung von Uranylacetat elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich eine starke Kontrastzunahme der Sacculi und eine fortschreitende Kontraktion in Längsrichtung, was zur Bildung elektronendichter Ringe führt. Die Schrumpfung der Sacculi senkrecht zur Längsachse ist demgegenüber gering. Diese Vorgänge sowie das Auftreten von abgelösten ringförmigen Sacculusabschnitten lassen Rückschlüsse auf eine bestimmte anisotrope Orientierung des Mureingitters im Sacculus zu. Wird die Einwirkung des Uranylacetats auf die Murein-Sacculi bei pH 2,0 durchgeführt, so erfolgt eine völlige Auflösung der Feinstruktur. Der Einfluß dieser Effekte auf die Penetration von Makromolekülen durch den “rigid layer” sowie auf die Struktur und Abmessungen der Mureinschicht in Ultradünnschnitten durch die mit UO2 ++-Ionen kontrastierten Bakterienzellwände wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Highly purified murein sacculi from cells of Spirillum serpens were studied by electron microscopy after treatment with a 0.012 M uranyl acetate solution, buffered at pH 4.5. This treatment causes a drastic increase in contrast of the sacculi and a progressive contraction along the longitudinal axis, eventually resulting in the appearance of electron-dense rings. Contraction of the sacculi perpendicular to the longitudinal axis is comparatively small. These observations and also the formation of separate ring-shaped sacculus segments suggest a certain anisotropic arrangement of the murein lattice within the sacculus. Treatment of murein sacculi with uranyl acetate at pH 2.0 results in a complete breakdown of the fine structure. These effects are discussed in view of penetration of the “rigid layer” by macromolecules as well as of structure and dimensions of the murein layer in ultrathin sections of UO2 ++-stained bacterial cell walls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413874
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Begeißelung von Proteus vulgaris (1958)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 29 (1958), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418733
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Cytologie von Proteus vulgaris (1958)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 29 (1958), S. 17-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418734
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Oberflächenstruktur von Myxobakterien (1968)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 62 (1968), S. 72-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zellen von Cytophaga hutchinsonii und vegetativer Sporocytophaga myxococcoides produzieren während der Submerskultur in belüftetem Glucose-Medium große Mengen hochviscoser, extracellulärer Schleimstoffe. Im elektronenmikroskopischen Bild erscheint die “Schleimhülle” der Bakterien nach Negativkontrastierung mit Natriumphosphorwolframat als dichtes, weit verzweigtes Netzwerk fibrillärer Elemente, die an der Zelloberfläche entspringen und sich ohne erkennbare äußere Abgrenzung im Substrat ausbreiten. Feinste “Elementarfibrillen” der Schleimsubstanz haben eine Dicke von etwa 30 Å. Demgegenüber wird völlige Abwesenheit einer Schleimhülle bei den Mikrocysten festgestellt, die aus den vegetativen Zellen von Sp. myxococcoides nach Beendigung des logarithmischen Wachstums gebildet werden. Gleichzeitig mit der Mikrocystenbildung wird starke Abnahme der Viscosität im Kulturmedium festgestellt. Mikrocystenbildung scheint mit dem enzymatischen Abbau der Schleimsubstanz einherzugehen. Die Schleime von C. hutchinsonii und Sp. myxococcoides sind wahrscheinlich anionische Heteropolysaccharide. Cytophaga-Schleim enthält die vier Neutralzucker Glucose, Mannose, Arabinose und Xylose; bei Sporocytophaga ist zusätzlich Galaktose vorhanden. Einziger anionischer Baustein ist in beiden Fällen Glucuronsäure, die möglicherweise über Xylose mit den Polymeren verknüpft ist.
    Notes: Summary Cells of Cytophaga hutchinsonii and vegetative Sporocytophaga myxococcoides produce copious amounts of extracellular slime during active growth in liquid, aerated glucose-medium, imparting a high degree of viscosity to the culture. Electron microscopy following negative staining with sodium phosphotungstate reveals the slime substance as densely interwoven network of filamentous material originating on the cell surface and extending far into the medium without any discernable boundary. “Elementary fibrils” of the slime substance have a thickness of about 30 Å. The surrounding layer of filamentous slime is completely absent from the surface of microcysts formed from vegetative cells of Sp. myxococcoides after cessation of logarithmic growth, and the original high viscosity of the cell suspension is greatly reduced. It is concluded that microcyst formation is accompanied by enzymatic breakdown of the extracellular slime substance. Isolated slime materials from both organisms are tentatively identified as anionic heteropolysaccharides. Neutral sugar components of the substance from C. hutchinsonii are glucose, mannose, arabinose and xylose. Sp. myxococcoides slime contains the same sugars and also galactose. Glucuronic acid is the only anionic component in the heteropolysaccharides of both organisms. Preliminary evidence suggests that the uronic acid is linked to the polymers via xylose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407054
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