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  • Somaclonal variation  (6)
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • Springer  (6)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somaclonal variation in tomato: effect of explant source and a comparison with chemical mutagenesis (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 817-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Somaclonal variation ; Chemical mutagenesis ; Mutants ; Polyploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plants were regenerated from leaf, cotyledon, and hypocotyl explants of tomato cv Moneymaker. Various phenotypic alterations were observed among regenerated plants (R1), but were not transmitted to the progenies, except for ploidy variation. Variation in ploidy level, mainly tetraploidy, occurred in R1 plants and their R2 progenies, and the frequency of polyploid plants depended on the explant source. More than 50% of the regenerants derived from hypocotyl explants were found to be polyploid. A correlation was observed between the percentage of polyploid cells present in the explant material in vivo and the frequency of polyploid plants. Several monogenic mutations were recovered in the R2, four of which were shown to be allelic to known, recessive, single-gene mutants. No significant effect of explant source or duration of tissue culture period on mutant frequency or spectrum was found. For several mutant types that could be scored unambiguously, somaclonal variation was compared to variation induced by treatment of seeds with ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The results showed that the mutant frequencies were higher after EMS treatment than those generated through tissue culture. With respect to the mutant spectrum, no clear differences were observed between the spectra obtained after EMS treatment and those after tissue culture. However, tissue culture gave rise to polyploid plants, whereas no ploidy variants occurred after EMS treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224199
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability among plants and their progeny regenerated from protoplasts of Su/su heterozygotes of Nicotiana tabacum (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 67-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cell culture ; Mesophyll protoplasts ; Somaclonal variation ; Mutagenesis ; Aurea mutant ; Tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mesophyll protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum, heterozygous for the sulfur locus (Su/su), were isolated and more than 2,200 calli were cultured. More than 8,000 regenerated shoots were analyzed for leaf colour. Cell culture regimes included media for normal and stressed growth conditions with both short and long culture periods. An additional treatment included N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. An analysis of the regenerated shoots showed that an extended culture period led to an enhanced frequency of variant colony types, i.e. colonies producing both parental (Su/su) and non-parental (Su/Su or su/su) plants. NNG at 10 mg/l also enhanced the frequency of variant colony types. In some treatments there was also an increase in non-morphogenic colonies but this was independent of genetic changes at the sulfur locus. The frequency of dark green spots and twin spots, presumed to result from somatic crossing-over, was higher in the leaf cells of regenerated plants after both prolonged cell culture and chemical mutagenesis. Genetic analysis of the progeny of selfed regenerants revealed additional tissue culture induced variability with respect to segregation ratios of the different sulfur phenotypes. About two thirds of the lines tested segregated in accordance with a 1∶2∶1 Mendelian ratio. The remainder deviated from the expected segregation pattern and some lines also showed heterogeneity between progeny families derived from different seed capsules of the same plant. These results demonstrate that genetic changes affecting a specific locus and segregation patterns in progeny of regenerated plants are induced during cell culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281851
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heritable somaclonal variation in wheat (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 443-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Somaclonal variation ; Wheat tissue culture ; Gliadin ; Wheat breeding ; Mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Efficient tissue culture and regeneration methods were established using immature wheat embryos as expiants. Genotype differences in culturability were evident, and from the ten accessions most amenable to culture, a total of 2,846 plants were regenerated. Extensive somaclonal variation for morphological and biochemical traits was observed among 142 regenerants of a Mexican breeding line, ‘Yaqui 50E’, and their progeny. Variant characters included height, awns, tiller number, grain colour, heading date, waxiness, glume colour, gliadin proteins and α-amylase regulation. The variant characters were heritable through two seed generations and included traits under both simple and quantitative genetic control. Segregation data suggested that mutations both from dominance to recessiveness, and from recessiveness to dominance, had occurred. Most mutations in the primary regenerants were in the heterozygous state but some were true-breeding and presumed to be homozygous. Chromosome loss or addition did not account for the variation and none of the variant phenotypes was observed in over 400 plants from the parental seed source. The distinctive parental gliadin pattern was maintained in the somaclones thus excluding seed contamination or cross-pollination as a source of the variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263410
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somaclonal variation in wheat: genetic and cytogenetic characterisation of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 mutants (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 644-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Somaclonal variation ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Cytogenetics ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The progeny of 551 regenerants of the hexaploid wheat cultivar ‘Millewa’ were analysed for somaclonal mutants at the threeAdh-1 loci in hexaploid wheat. Seventeen regenerants gave rise to progeny having altered ADH1 zymograms. Progeny with altered zymograms in 13 of these regenerants were aneuploid. The remaining 4 regenerants gave rise to euploid progeny with altered ADH1 zymograms. The genetics of three of these somaclonal mutants is described in detail. These regenerants were interpreted to possess a 4Aα isochromosome, a 3BS/4Aα translocation and a 7BS/4Aα translocation, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289003
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A somaclonal variant of wheat with additional β-amylase isozymes (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: β-amylase ; Isozymes ; Triticum aestivum ; Somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The progeny of 149 plants regenerated from tissue culture of immature wheat (Triticum aestivum) embryos were screened for variation in their grain β-amylase isozyme pattern. One regenerant was found which was heterozygous for a variant pattern characterized by the presence of at least five new isozyme bands, as well as an increased intensity in existing bands in two more positions. The F2 of a homozygous variant crossed back to the parent segregated in an approximate 3∶1 ratio but resolution of the gels was not sufficient to distinguish whether this represents a dominant or co-dominant single mutant gene. No chromosome abnormalities were evident in mitosis or meiosis of the homozygous variant or in the F1 of the variant crossed back to the parent. No recombination has been seen between the variant bands and production of multiple bands from a single locus is consistent with the nature of the known β-amylase loci. However, the variant bands were not evident in a survey of 111 diverse genotypes, nor were they present in developing grain of the parent cultivar. Therefore, this variant could represent a rare mutation leading to expression of a currently unexpressed locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262516
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation for quantitative traits in soybean lines derived from tissue culture (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1993), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Tissue culture ; Somaclonal variation ; Embryogenesis ; Glycine max (L.) Merr.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tissue culture may generate useful genetic variation for quantitative traits. The objective of this study was to analyze genetic variation for ten quantitative traits of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] among lines derived from the tissue culture of three cultivars. The three cultivars used to obtain R0 plants from tissue culture were “BSR 101”, “Hodgson 78”, and “Jilin 3”. A total of 63 R0-derived lines of BSR 101, eight of Hodgson 78, and 42 of Jilin 3 was planted with the untreated controls in row plots in a randomized complete-block design with three replications at two locations for each of 2 years. The traits evaluated were days to beginning bloom (R1), beginning seed (R5), beginning maturity (R7), full maturity (R8), height, lodging, seed yield, seed weight, protein content, and oil content. Significant (P 〈 0.05) variation was observed among lines for each of the ten quantitative traits. There was 57.1% of the BSR 101 lines, 87.5% of the Hodgson 78 lines, and 76.2% of the Jilin 3 lines that were significantly different from the controls for at least one trait. The percentages of lines that were significantly different from the control for an individual trait ranged from 2.7% for oil content to 25.7% for R7. The magnitude of the changes was relatively small. Although this genetic variation may be useful for cultivar development, greater variability at less expense would be expected with conventional artificial hybridization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223743
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