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  • Articles  (148)
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  • Books
  • Articles  (148)
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  • 1
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 6322-6334 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report a theoretical study of vibrational deactivation of the diatomic ion O2+(v=1) by low-energy (≤1 eV) collisions with Kr. It is shown that one-dimensional collision models are not able to reproduce the experimentally observed minimum in the deactivation rate as a function of collision energy, even when attractive interactions are included. Classical trajectory calculations on an empirical potential surface lead to good agreement with experiment, confirming the essential role of rotational degrees of freedom in the deactivation process. We find that the upturn in the deactivation rate at low energies is due to the formation of orbiting complexes, as suggested by Ferguson. Our results show that the energy dependence of the association (complex formation) rate is an important factor in determining that of the deactivation rate at low collision energies, whereas orbiting complex lifetimes show relatively little variation over the energy range studied. At very low collision energies, our computed deactivation rate becomes independent of energy, in accord with recent experiments of Hawley and Smith . We also investigate the role of potential anisotropy in the deactivation process. It is suggested that the decrease in deactivation rate with increased potential well width (i.e., decreasing anisotropy) is due to the elimination of a transient resonance between hindered rotation and diatom vibration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 2648-2668 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A four-dimensional symplectic (Hamiltonian) mapping of the type studied by Gaspard and Rice is used to model the predissociation of the van der Waals complex He–I2. Phase space structure and unimolecular decay in this mapping are analyzed in terms of a general approach recently developed by Wiggins. The two-dimensional area preserving map obtained by restricting the 4D map to the T-shaped subspace is studied first. Both the Davis–Gray theory and the analog of the alternative RRKM theory of Gray, Rice, and Davis for discrete maps are applied to estimate short-time decay rates. A four-state Markov model involving three intramolecular bottlenecks (cantori) is found to give a very accurate description of decay in the 2D map at short to medium times. The simplest version of the statistical Davis–Gray theory, in which only a single intermolecular dividing surface is considered, is then generalized to calculate the fragmentation rate in the full 4D map as the ratio of the volume of a four-dimensional turnstile lobe and a four-dimensional complex region enclosed by a multidimensional separatrix. Good agreement with exact numerical results is found at short times. The alternative RRKM theory is also applied, and is found to give a level of agreement with the Davis–Gray theory comparable to the 2D case. When the height of the barrier to internal rotation in the van der Waals potential is increased, however, it is found that volume-enclosing turnstile no longer exist in the 4D phase space, due to the occurrence of homoclinic tangency. The implications of this finding for transport theories in multimode systems are briefly discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 6378-6390 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nondegenerate Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory diverges when applied to nearly resonant molecular vibrations. Traditionally, this divergence has been avoided by using quasidegenerate perturbation methods, such as partitioning, or Van Vleck's transformation approach. In this paper, we present a method of resummation, called reconstruction, that is appropriate for nearly degenerate systems displaying a strong mixing between a finite number of zeroth order states. In order to implement the approach, a set of strongly interacting states must be identified. The method then produces a pseudoconvergent power series expansion for an effective secular equation from the divergent perturbation expansion of the energies of the strongly interacting states. The effective secular equation has a low polynomial degree, and may readily be solved numerically to yield resummed values of the energies. We compare reconstruction to diagonal Padé approximation, and find that Padé approximants resum energies in the vicinity of avoided crossings poorly, yielding levels that cross where the actual eigenvalues repel. Reconstruction, however, correctly reproduces the avoided crossing behavior.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper we study periodic orbit bifurcation sequences in a system of two coupled Morse oscillators. Time-reversal symmetry is exploited to determine periodic orbits by iteration of symmetry lines. The permutational representation of Tsuchiya and Jaffé is employed to analyze periodic orbit configurations on the symmetry lines. Local pruning rules are formulated, and a global analysis of possible bifurcation sequences of symmetric periodic orbits is made. Analysis of periodic orbit bifurcations on symmetry lines determines bifurcation sequences, together with periodic orbit periodicities and stabilities. The correlation between certain bifurcations is explained. The passage from an integrable limit to nointegrability is marked by the appearance of tangent bifurcations; our global analysis reveals the origin of these ubiquitous tangencies. For period-1 orbits, tangencies appear by a simple disconnection mechanism. For higher period orbits, a different mechanism involving 2-parameter collisions of bifurcations is found. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 2707-2709 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using spectroellipsometry, we obtain information on the near-surface composition x of epitaxial AlxGa1−xAs layers during crystal growth by organometallic molecular beam epitaxy and use this information to regulate the flow of triethylaluminum to the growth surface. The resulting closed-loop control system maintains the imaginary part of the dielectric response of thick AlxGa1−xAs films constant to an equivalent compositional precision better than ±0.001 over extended periods of time.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 2569-2571 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the first use of ellipsometry as a real-time monitor of III-V semiconductor crystal growth by molecular beam epitaxy, specifically growth of GaAs and AlGaAs from arsine, triethylgallium, and triethylaluminum sources. Our results provide new insight into the oxide desorption process and show a sensitivity of ±0.03 in compositions x〉0.2 for 10 A(ring) thickness increments of AlxGa1−xAs during initial deposition on GaAs.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic field induced broadening of the normal to superconducting resistive transition of YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films laser deposited on (100) MgO substrates for field oriented parallel to the c axis is found to be significantly reduced in comparison with that found previously in single crystals and in films deposited on SrTiO3. This reduction in broadening is associated with a high density of defects which, while causing a slight decrease in Tc and an increase in the zero-field transition width, seems to provide strong vortex pinning centers that reduce flux creep.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 5102-5108 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to determine the lowest energy isomer of the hydroperoxyl radical dimer, H2O4, ab initio quantum mechanical methods were employed to predict the geometrical structures, relative energies, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and associated IR intensities of both open chain and cyclic isomers. Two minima were located on the open chain potential energy surface, one of C2 symmetry and one of C1 symmetry. The relative energies of the different H2O4 structures vary strongly with level of theory. The most reliable treatment used in the present study predicted that the global minimum is the closed-shell C1 chain isomer which is lower in energy than the planar C2h triplet cyclic isomer by 1.6 kcal mol−1 including zero point vibrational energy corrections. It is argued that both structures should be observable, depending on the method of preparation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 1244-1246 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial AlxGa1−xAs structures whose compositions x vary continuously with thickness according to a given input function have been grown by chemical-beam epitaxy under closed-loop ellipsometric control. 200- and 500-A(ring) parabolic quantum wells analyzed by photoreflectance and secondary-ion mass spectrometry, respectively, show that actual compositions follow target values to within 0.02 in x. Growth of the 200-A(ring) profile was controlled using compositions ellipsometrically determined for the outermost running 3.1 A(ring) (∼1 monolayer) of depositing material.
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