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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (25)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (3)
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  • 1
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    Investigation of thermal and electrical stabilities of a GdBCO coil using grease as an insulation material for practical superconducting applications (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: This paper presents the effects of thermal grease on the electrical and thermal characteristics of GdBCO pancake coils, observed through charge-discharge, sudden discharge, over-current, and thermal quench testing. In charge-discharge and sudden discharge tests, a coil using thermal grease as an insulation material demonstrated faster charging/discharging rates compared to a coil without turn-to-turn insulation. In the case of over-current tests, the coil using thermal grease exhibited the highest electrical stability. Furthermore, thermal quench testing showed the coil employing thermal grease to possess superior thermal characteristics, with rapid cooling and low temperature rise. Overall, the use of thermal grease as an insulation material may be a potential solution to the problems observed with the existing insulation materials, possessing fast charging/discharging rates with superior thermal and electrical stabilities.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Novel aspects of plasma control in ITER (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: ITER plasma control design solutions and performance requirements are strongly driven by its nuclear mission, aggressive commissioning constraints, and limited number of operational discharges. In addition, high plasma energy content, heat fluxes, neutron fluxes, and very long pulse operation place novel demands on control performance in many areas ranging from plasma boundary and divertor regulation to plasma kinetics and stability control. Both commissioning and experimental operations schedules provide limited time for tuning of control algorithms relative to operating devices. Although many aspects of the control solutions required by ITER have been well-demonstrated in present devices and even designed satisfactorily for ITER application, many elements unique to ITER including various crucial integration issues are presently under development. We describe selected novel aspects of plasma control in ITER, identifying unique parts of the control problem and highlighting some key areas of research remaining. Novel control areas described include control physics understanding (e.g., current profile regulation, tearing mode (TM) suppression), control mathematics (e.g., algorithmic and simulation approaches to high confidence robust performance), and integration solutions (e.g., methods for management of highly subscribed control resources). We identify unique aspects of the ITER TM suppression scheme, which will pulse gyrotrons to drive current within a magnetic island, and turn the drive off following suppression in order to minimize use of auxiliary power and maximize fusion gain. The potential role of active current profile control and approaches to design in ITER are discussed. Issues and approaches to fault handling algorithms are described, along with novel aspects of actuator sharing in ITER.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Regulation of myeloid leukaemia by the cell-fate determinant Musashi (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-20
    Description: Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) can progress from a slow growing chronic phase to an aggressive blast crisis phase, but the molecular basis of this transition remains poorly understood. Here we have used mouse models of CML to show that disease progression is regulated by the Musashi-Numb signalling axis. Specifically, we find that the chronic phase is marked by high levels of Numb expression whereas the blast crisis phase has low levels of Numb expression, and that ectopic expression of Numb promotes differentiation and impairs advanced-phase disease in vivo. As a possible explanation for the decreased levels of Numb in the blast crisis phase, we show that NUP98-HOXA9, an oncogene associated with blast crisis CML, can trigger expression of the RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (Msi2), which in turn represses Numb. Notably, loss of Msi2 restores Numb expression and significantly impairs the development and propagation of blast crisis CML in vitro and in vivo. Finally we show that Msi2 expression is not only highly upregulated during human CML progression but is also an early indicator of poorer prognosis. These data show that the Musashi-Numb pathway can control the differentiation of CML cells, and raise the possibility that targeting this pathway may provide a new strategy for the therapy of aggressive leukaemias.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2918284/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2918284/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Takahiro -- Kwon, Hyog Young -- Zimdahl, Bryan -- Congdon, Kendra L -- Blum, Jordan -- Lento, William E -- Zhao, Chen -- Lagoo, Anand -- Gerrard, Gareth -- Foroni, Letizia -- Goldman, John -- Goh, Harriet -- Kim, Soo-Hyun -- Kim, Dong-Wook -- Chuah, Charles -- Oehler, Vivian G -- Radich, Jerald P -- Jordan, Craig T -- Reya, Tannishtha -- AI067798/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA122206/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA140371/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA18029/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK072234/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK63031/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP1 CA174422/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD006430/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD006430-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD006430-02/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD006430/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HL097767/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA018029/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA140371/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-01S1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-06/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-07S1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-08/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097767/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097767-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097767-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007184-33/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-010006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-020006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-030006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-040006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-050006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):765-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09171. Epub 2010 Jul 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20639863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blast Crisis/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Disease Progression ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics/metabolism ; Prognosis ; RNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Notch1/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Brittle intermetallic compound makes ultrastrong low-density steel with large ductility (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-06
    Description: Although steel has been the workhorse of the automotive industry since the 1920s, the share by weight of steel and iron in an average light vehicle is now gradually decreasing, from 68.1 per cent in 1995 to 60.1 per cent in 2011 (refs 1, 2). This has been driven by the low strength-to-weight ratio (specific strength) of iron and steel, and the desire to improve such mechanical properties with other materials. Recently, high-aluminium low-density steels have been actively studied as a means of increasing the specific strength of an alloy by reducing its density. But with increasing aluminium content a problem is encountered: brittle intermetallic compounds can form in the resulting alloys, leading to poor ductility. Here we show that an FeAl-type brittle but hard intermetallic compound (B2) can be effectively used as a strengthening second phase in high-aluminium low-density steel, while alleviating its harmful effect on ductility by controlling its morphology and dispersion. The specific tensile strength and ductility of the developed steel improve on those of the lightest and strongest metallic materials known, titanium alloys. We found that alloying of nickel catalyses the precipitation of nanometre-sized B2 particles in the face-centred cubic matrix of high-aluminium low-density steel during heat treatment of cold-rolled sheet steel. Our results demonstrate how intermetallic compounds can be harnessed in the alloy design of lightweight steels for structural applications and others.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Sang-Heon -- Kim, Hansoo -- Kim, Nack J -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 5;518(7537):77-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14144.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, South Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25652998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    El Nino and intense tropical cyclones (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moon, Il-Ju -- Kim, Sung-Hun -- Wang, Chunzai -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 29;526(7575):E4-5. doi: 10.1038/nature15546.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Typhoon Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 690-756, South Koreaijmoon@jejunu.ac.kr. ; NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33149, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26511582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    One-dimensional full wave simulation on XB mode conversion in electron cyclotron heating (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-13
    Description: The XB mode conversion in electron cyclotron resonance frequency heating has been studied in detail through 1D full wave simulation. The field pattern depends on the density scale length, and the wave absorption near upper hybrid resonance is maximized beyond the R(X) mode cutoff density for optimized density scale length. The simulated mode conversion efficiency has been compared with that of an analytic formula, showing good agreements except for the phase dependent term of the X wave. The mode conversion efficiency is calculated for oblique injections as well, and it is found that the efficiency decreases as the injection angles increases. Short magnetic field scale length is confirmed to relax the short density scale length condition maximizing the XB mode conversion efficiency. Finally, the simulation code is used to analyze the mode conversion and power absorption of a pre-ionization plasma in versatile experiment spherical torus.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modal analysis of wake fields and its application to elliptical pill-box cavity with finite aperture (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 4942-4951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The potential of the wake-field produced by a bunch of relativistic charged particles passing through a pill-box cavity is expressed by using Floquet's theorem, and an obvious requirement that the energy gain over all acceleration cavity of many pill boxes must be proportional to the number of pill boxes, based on the previous modal approach (BWW theory). It is found that the wake-field is consisted of two classes of modes: the longitudinal modes which are independent of the aperture and the pill-box gap, the hybrid (pill-box) modes which are dependent of the pill-box gap. The wake field is predominated by the fundamental longitudinal mode whose wavelength is on the order of the effective diameter of the cavity, and its magnitude is inversely proportional to the cross sectional area of the cavity for practical cavities with small apertures. Both longitudinal and transverse wake fields due to the longitudinal modes in an elliptical pill box cavity are expressed analytically in a closed series form by solving exactly the longitudinal eigenmode equation in the elliptical cylindrical coordinates in terms of Mathieu functions. It is found that both longitudinal and transverse wake fields whose amplitudes per driving charge are greater than 100 MV/m/μC can be generated in an elliptical cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347079
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical study on the dynamics of Z-pinch carbon plasma (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1340-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamics of Z-pinch carbon plasma has been investigated using one-dimensional Lagrangian code. This code calculates the single-fluid, two-temperature magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations coupled with an ionization balance equation. The motion of plasma column and shock front is studied in comparison with the analytical models such as the snowplow and the slug model. The energy flow during the pinch is also studied. During the pinch phase, the temperature increases due to shock heating and adiabatic heating. After the pinch the plasma is cooled down rapidly due to adiabatic expansion which can lead to an adequate condition for recombination Extreme-Ultra-Violet (XUV) lasers. The effect of the radiative trapping of resonance line on hydrodynamics and population kinetics is also investigated. The calculation shows that there can exist a high gain on hydrogen-like C VI Balmer-α line (18.2 nm). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871787
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of electron cyclotron resonance plasma characteristics discharged by 7.0, 8.0, and 9.4 GHz : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 866-868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Argon electron cyclotron resonance plasma characteristics discharged by 7.0, 8.0, and 9.4 GHz microwaves are measured at 0.013 and 0.080 Pa in a cylindrical chamber. The plasma densities and electron temperatures were found to be almost independent of the microwave frequency at 0.013 Pa, whereas clear differences were seen at 0.080 Pa. At 0.080 Pa, the plasma densities were observed to increase with the increase in the discharge frequency. Electron temperatures at 0.080 Pa also appeared to become higher with the increase in discharge frequency. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150315
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A beamline for macromolecular crystallography at the Advanced Light Source : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1738-1740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A beamline for macromolecular crystallography has been designed for the ALS. The source will be a 37-pole wiggler with a 2-T on-axis peak field. The wiggler will illuminate three beamlines, each accepting 3 mrad of horizontal aperture. The central beamline will primarily be used for multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion measurements in the wavelength range from 4 to 0.9 A(ring). The beamline optics will comprise a double-crystal monochromator with a collimating premirror and a double-focusing mirror after the monochromator. The two side stations will be used for fixed-wavelength experiments within the wavelength range from 1.5 to 0.95 A(ring). The optics will consist of a conventional vertically focusing cylindrical mirror followed by an asymmetrically cut curved-crystal monochromator. This paper presents details of the optimization of the wiggler source for crystallography, gives a description of the beamline configuration, and discusses the reasons for the choices made. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145835
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