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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (31)
  • Oxford University Press  (23)
  • Institute of Physics (IOP)  (12)
  • Geological Society of South Africa  (3)
  • 1
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    Genomic Analysis of an Ascomycete Fungus from the Rice Planthopper Reveals How It Adapts to an Endosymbiotic Lifestyle (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: A number of sap-sucking insects harbor endosymbionts, which are thought to play an important role in the development of their hosts. One of the most important rice pests, the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), harbors an obligatory yeast-like symbiont (YLS) that cannot be cultured in vitro. Genomic information on this YLS would be useful to better understand its evolution. In this study, we performed genome sequencing of the YLS using both 454 and Illumina approaches, generating a draft genome that shows a slightly smaller genome size and relatively higher GC content than most ascomycete fungi. A phylogenomic analysis of the YLS supported its close relationship with insect pathogens. We analyzed YLS-specific genes and the categories of genes that are likely to have changed in the YLS during its evolution. The loss of mating type locus demonstrated in the YLS sheds light on the evolution of eukaryotic symbionts. This information about the YLS genome provides a helpful guide for further understanding endosymbiotic associations in hemiptera and the symbiotic replacement of ancient bacteria with a multifunctional YLS seems to have been a successful change.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Analysis of collocation solutions for a class of functional equations with vanishing delays (2011)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-24
    Description: We study the existence, uniqueness and regularity properties of solutions for the functional equation y ( t ) = b ( t ) y ( ( t )) + f ( t ), t [0, T ], where the delay function ( t ) vanishes at t = 0. Functional equations corresponding to the linear delay function ( t ) = qt (0 〈 q 〈 1) represent an important special case. We then analyse the optimal order of convergence of piecewise polynomial collocation approximations to solutions of these functional equations. The theoretical results are illustrated by extensive numerical examples.
    Print ISSN: 0272-4979
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3642
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Note: A new regulation method of stable operation of high power cathode ion source (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: The hot cathode ion source will tend to be unstable when operated with high power and long pulse. In order to achieve stable operation, a new regulation method based on the arc power (discharge power) feedback control was designed and tested on the hot cathode ion source test bed with arc discharge and beam extraction. The results show that the new regulation method can achieve stable arc discharge and beam extraction. It verifies the success of feedback control of arc source with arc power.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Improved optical properties of InAs quantum dots for intermediate band solar cells by suppression of misfit strain relaxation (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-16
    Description: The properties of InAs quantum dots (QDs) have been studied for application in intermediate band solar cells. It is found that suppression of plastic relaxation in the QDs has a significant effect on the optoelectronic properties. Partial capping plus annealing is shown to be effective in controlling the height of the QDs and in suppressing plastic relaxation. A force balancing model is used to explain the relationship between plastic relaxation and QD height. A strong luminescence has been observed from strained QDs, indicating the presence of localized states in the desired energy range. No luminescence has been observed from plastically relaxed QDs.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    Functional interplay between the RK motif and linker segment dictates Oct4-DNA recognition (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-20
    Description: The POU family transcription factor Oct4 plays pivotal roles in regulating pluripotency and somatic cell reprogramming. Previous studies have indicated an important role for major groove contacts in Oct4–DNA recognition; however, the contributions of the RK motif in the POUh domain and the linker segment joining the two DNA-binding domains remain poorly understood. Here, by combining molecular modelling and functional assays, we find that the RK motif is essential for Oct4–DNA association by recognizing the narrowed DNA minor groove. Intriguingly, computational simulations reveal that the function of the RK motif may be finely tuned by H-bond interactions with the partially disordered linker segment and that breaking these interactions significantly enhances the DNA binding and reprogramming activities of Oct4. These findings uncover a self-regulatory mechanism for specific Oct4–DNA recognition and provide insights into the functional crosstalk at the molecular level that may illuminate mechanistic studies of the Oct protein family and possibly transcription factors in the POU family. Our gain-of-function Oct4 mutants might also be useful tools for use in reprogramming and regenerative medicine.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    A flowing liquid lithium limiter for the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: A program involving the extensive and systematic use of lithium (Li) as a “first,” or plasma-facing, surface in Tokamak fusion research devices located at Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was started in 2009. Many remarkable results have been obtained by the application of Li coatings in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) and liquid Li limiters in the HT-7 Tokamak—both located at the institute. In furtherance of the lithium program, a flowing liquid lithium (FLiLi) limiter system has been designed and manufactured for EAST. The design of the FLiLi limiter is based on the concept of a thin flowing film which was previously tested in HT-7. Exploiting the capabilities of the existing material and plasma evaluation system on EAST, the limiter will be pre-wetted with Li and mechanically translated to the edge of EAST during plasma discharges. The limiter will employ a novel electro-magnetic pump which is designed to drive liquid Li flow from a collector at the bottom of limiter into a distributor at its top, and thus supply a continuously flowing liquid Li film to the wetted plasma-facing surface. This paper focuses on the major design elements of the FLiLi limiter. In addition, a simulation of incoming heat flux has shown that the distribution of heat flux on the limiter surface is acceptable for a future test of power extraction on EAST.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Characterizing macroscopic lateral distortion in nanoimprint lithography using moiré interferometry (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: Distortion in nanoimprint lithography (NIL) can be well checked using various microscopes in a microscale region, but it is difficult to complete wafer-level/macroscopic distortion testing. As an alternative solution to the above issue, we apply moiré interferometry to characterize the macroscopic lateral distortion in NIL by detecting the strain between the stamp and its duplication. With a self-developed moiré interferometry system, distortion can be directly visualized by the fringe pattern with a field of view on the centimeter scale, which is not possible employing other methods. The proposed method is verified in two typical experiments and is shown to be a powerful tool for the characterization of distortion induced in NIL. The method is able to locate the position and affected zone of a defect in a grating structure rapidly and simultaneously.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Simultaneous piston position and tilt angle sensing for large vertical displacement micromirrors by frequency detection inductive sensing (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: This paper presents a frequency detection based inductive eddy current sensing mechanism to simultaneously sense the piston position and tilt angle of the mirror plate of large vertical displacement micromirrors that exhibit piston scan ranges above 100  μ m. This is accomplished by sensing the inductance change, and thus resonant frequency shift, of two microfabricated sensing coils packaged underneath the mirror plate. For demonstration purpose, the coils were paired with discrete circuit components to oscillate at 11.9 MHz and 12.5 MHz, respectively. The piston position and tilt angle of the mirror plate could be simultaneously monitored over a 500  μ m piston scan range, achieving a maximum piston sensitivity of 4.15 kHz/ μ m with a piston sensing resolution of 96 nm and a maximum tilt angle sensitivity of 60.5 kHz/° with a tilt angle sensing resolution of 0.0013°. Analytical modeling of the coil inductance change via image theory was also conducted, showing that the sensor sensitivity and resolution could be improved by increasing the coil oscillation frequency and decreasing the coil size.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Fe-based bulk metallic glasses: Brittle or ductile? (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-21
    Description: Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) typically exhibit ultrahigh strength but a poor ductility. Here, an Fe 62 Ni 18 P 13 C 7 BMG with a super large plasticity of above 50% is reported. Such a discovery is guided by understanding a composition-strength-ductility map, in which most of Fe-based BMGs are classified into three types: FeC(B)-based, FeB-based, and FeP(C)-based. We demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the different types of BMGs are linked with their different physical properties. Among the three types of BMGs, the FeP(C)-based BMGs often possess a lower glass transition temperature, a lower shear modulus, and a higher Poisson's ratio, resulting in a lower shear flow barrier and a higher plasticity. Our findings provide a guideline in understanding the mechanical behavior of Fe-based BMGs.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    InAs quantum dot growth on AlxGa1−xAs by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy for intermediate band solar cells (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: InAs quantum dot multilayers have been grown using Al x Ga 1− x As spacers with dimensions and compositions near the theoretical values for optimized efficiencies in intermediate band photovoltaic cells. Using an aluminium composition of x  = 0.3 and InAs dot vertical dimensions of 5 nm, transitions to an intermediate band with energy close to the ideal theoretical value have been obtained. Optimum size uniformity and density have been achieved by capping the quantum dots with GaAs following the indium-flush method. This approach has also resulted in minimization of crystalline defects in the epilayer structure.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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