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  • Springer Nature  (260)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (167)
  • American Institute of Physics  (126)
  • Public Library of Science  (84)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1977-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-06-08
    Description: Although no deterministic and reliable earthquake precursor is known to date, we are steadily gaining insight into probabilistic forecasting that draws on space–time characteristics of earthquake clustering. Clustering-based models aiming to forecast earthquakes within the next 24 hours are under test in the global project ‘Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability’ (CSEP). The 2011 March 11 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan provides a unique opportunity to test the existing 1-day CSEP models against its unprecedentedly active aftershock sequence. The original CSEP experiment performs tests after the catalogue is finalized to avoid bias due to poor data quality. However, this study differs from this tradition and uses the preliminary catalogue revised and updated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), which is often incomplete but is immediately available. This study is intended as a first step towards operability-oriented earthquake forecasting in Japan. Encouragingly, at least one model passed the test in most combinations of the target day and the testing method, although the models could not take account of the megaquake in advance and the catalogue used for forecast generation was incomplete. However, it can also be seen that all models have only limited forecasting power for the period immediately after the quake. Our conclusion does not change when the preliminary JMAcatalogue is replaced by the finalized one, implying that the models perform stably over the catalogue replacement and are applicable to operational earthquake forecasting. However, we emphasize the need of further research on model improvement to assure the reliability of forecasts for the days immediately after the main quake. Seismicity is expected to remain high in all parts of Japan over the coming years. Our results present a way to answer the urgent need to promote research on time-dependent earthquake predictability to prepare for subsequent large earthquakes in the near future in Japan.
    Description: Published
    Description: 653-658
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Time-series analysis ; Probabilistic forecasting ; Seismicity and tectonics ; Computational seismology ; Statistical seismology ; Asia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 168 (1989), S. 205-216 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die Dehydrofluorierung von Polyvinylidenfluorid (PVDF)-Pulvern und -Filmen durch verschiedene basische Lösungen untersucht. Speziell die Reaktivität von 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecen (DBU) in Ethanol, KOH in 2-Propanol und wäßriger NaOH-Lösung mit Tetrabutylammoniumbromid wurde mit Hilfe von Veränderungen der Absorptionsbanden von PVDF-Filmen im Infrarot-(IR) und Ultraviolett-sichtbaren Bereich (UV-VI) untersucht. Neben den durch DBU oder KOH bewirkten Eliminierungsreaktionen treten sicherlich auch Substitutionsreaktionen auf. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit von dehydrofluorierten PVDF-Filmen nimmt durch Dotierung mit Iod merklich zu, und die Aktivierungsenergien der Leitung liegen zwischen 0,4 und 0,5 eV. Verstrecken eines dehydrofluorierten und mit Iod dotierten PVDF-Films führt zu einer Anisotropie der Leitfähigkeit.
    Notes: The dehydrofluorination of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) powder and films was studied using several kinds of base solution. Especially the reactivity of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (DBU) in ethanol, KOH in 2-propanol and aqueous NaOH solution with tetrabutylammonium bromide was investigated by the change in infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VI) absorptions of PVDF films. The elimination reactions by DBU or KOH were considered to be accompanied by substitution reaction. The electrical conductivity of dehydrofluorinated PVDF films increased markedly by doping with iodine, and the activation energies of conduction were found to be between 0.4 and 0.5 eV. When a drawn PVDF film was dehydrofluorinated and doped with iodine, anisotropy in conductivity was observed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 164 (1973), S. 95-104 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 7-Oxo-4-phenyl-1,4-azaphosphepan(II) (Phospha-caprolactam) und sein 3,5-Tetramethyl-Derivat (IV) mit einer Amidgruppe und einem Phosphoratom im gleichen Ring wurden dargestellt und in Gegenwart verschiedener Katalysatoren polymerisiert. II polymerisierte mit Al(C2H5)2Cl oder SnCl4 als Katalysatoren zu Polyamiden niederen Molekulargewichts. Die Polymerisation von IV lieferte dagegen keine befriedigenden Ergebnisse. Die Copolymerisation des tetramethylsubstituierten „Phospha-caprolactams“ IV ließ sich jedoch mit anderen cyclischen Verbindungen wie Lactamen, Lactonen oder cyclischen Äthern in Gegenwart kationischer Katalysatoren durchführen.
    Notes: 7-Oxo-4-phenyl-1,4-azaphosphepane (II) (phospha-caprolactam) and its 3,5-tetramethyl derivative (IV) containing an amide group and a phosphorus atom in the same ring, have been synthesized and polymerized in the presence of various catalysts. II polymerized with Al(C2H5)2Cl or SnCl4 as catalysts to give polyamide of low molecular weight, whereas IV did not polymerize with satisfactory results. On the other hand, the copolymerization of the tetramethyl substituted “phospha-caprolactam” IV with other cyclic compounds including lactams, lactones or cyclic ethers took place in the presence of cationic catalysts.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The enantioselective hydrolysis of dipeptide-type amino acid esters (Z-(L)-Ala-(L or D)-Ala-PNP (5a), Z-(L)-Ala-(L or D)-Leu-PNP (5b), and Z-(L)-Ala-(L or D)-Phe-PNP (5c)) by di- or tri-peptide nucleophiles (Z-(L)-Leu-(L)-His (2a), Z-(L)-Phe-(L)-His (2b), and Z-(L)-Leu-(L)-His (3)) in the bilayer vesicular aggregates of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (6) resulted in the enantiomer rate ratio of LL/LD = 1, 1 to 18, the value of which was considerably higher than that (L/D = 1,0 to 4,6) in the hydrolysis of Z-(L or D)-Ala-PNP (4a), Z-(L or D)-Leu-PNP (4b), and Z-(L or D)-Phe-PNP (4c) by the identical vesicular system and that (L/D = 0,7 to 3,1) in the hydrolysis of the dipeptide substrates 5a - c by Z-(L)-His (1) and 6. The high enantioselectivity (LL/LD = 18) in the hydrolysis of 5c by the system of 2a and 6 was enhanced to be LL/LD = 36 by lowering the temperature from 25 to 10°C.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 923-931 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dialkyldiallylammonium salts 1a-c were prepared by quaternization of diallylamine with alkyl bromides and their polymerizability as oriented molecular assemblies in aqueous solution is discussed. Thin films of those ammonium salts on the glass wall were incubated by adding a phosphate buffer solution to yield giant spherical vesicles with diameters ranging from 10 to 100 μm. When large amounts of the ammonium salt were applied, it was necessary to add more than 5 mol-% of cholesterol in order to stabilize the resulting giant vesicles. By ultrasonication of the film-aqueous solution system, much smaller vesicles with diameters ranging from 0,03 to 0,2 μm were obtained. The stabilizing effect of cholesterol addition to the system of the small vesicles is similar to that observed for the giant vesicles. Under an inert atmosphere, the vesicles in aqueous solution were polymerized by ultraviolet irradiation. From the results of TEM and NMR spectroscopy, it was concluded that the molecules were polymerized in the vesicles without changing the profile of molecular assembly during an irradiation of 6 h. However, when the ammonium salts were dissolved homogeneously in degassed benzene, the ultraviolet irradiation polymerization did not proceed beyond a conversion of 5% under the same conditions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The microstructure of poly[polytetrahydrofuran-block-poly(sebacoyl chloride-alt-hexamethylenediamine)]s 1-4, containing polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) blocks of various molecular weights, and their blood compatibility were studied. These multiblock copolymers were prepared by interfacial polycondensation. The characterization of these copolymers was carried out by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical measurements, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The TEM observation revealed the formation of a spherulitic structure at the copolymer surfaces, which is closely related to the homopolymer, polyamide (PA) 610. The DSC and dynamic mechanical measurements indicate the presence of distinct phase separation between PTHF and PA 610 blocks, and of the PTHF block in the copolymer being partially crystallized. The WAXD and SAXS indicate the formation of microstructures composed of crystalline and amorphous phases in the copolymer. Moreover, ESCA measurements verify that the surface chemical composition of the copolymer is identical to their bulk composition. Blood compatibility of these copolymers was evaluated by estimating platelet adhesion on the copolymer surfaces. Platelet adhesion was found to be affected by the PA 610 crystallinity, including the size and distribution of the crystalline phase in the case of the copolymers in which the PTHF blocks are completely amorphous (M̄n = 980). On the contrary, platelet adhesion at the copolymers in which the PTHF blocks are partially crystallized (M̄n ≥ 1560) depends upon the crystallinity of both PA 610 and PTHF, including the balance of crystalline (PA 610 and PTHF) and amorphous (mainly PTHF) phases. This result suggests that the balance of the crystalline and amorphous phase distribution in the copolymer is the most determinative factor for suppressing platelet adhesion at the copolymer surface.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of segmented polymers based on poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and nylon 610 was characterized. Transmission electron microscopic observations revealed spherulitic structures similar to those of semicrystalline homopolymers. Dynamic mechanical measurement and thermal analysis suggested distinct phase separation between the PPO and polyamide segments, which is generally observed for amorphous block copolymers systems. Moreover, density and X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the crystallization of the polyamide segments is promoted by the introduction of PPO segments in the copolymer. This is probably correlated with unique growth of crystalline lamellae in the PPO-segmented polyamides.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Surface composition and blood compatibility of a series of segmented polymers based on poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and nylon 610 were investigated. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) measurements revealed that the chemical composition of PPO-segmented nylon 610 surface is regulated by nylon 610 crystallization, and the PPO enrichment effect on the air-facing surface was correlated with both the degree of crystallinity of nylon 610 and the nylon 610 crystallite thickness. Platelet adhesion was minimized for the copolymer having a long period of approximately 12 nm and a crystallite thickness of 6,5 nm. This copolymer surface had the same chemical composition as the bulk, indicating that the particular surface microstructure composed of crystalline and amorphous phases could be a determining factor for suppressing platelet adhesion.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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