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  • Articles  (395)
  • American Institute of Physics  (332)
  • Institute of Physics (IOP)  (45)
  • Royal Society  (18)
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  • Articles  (395)
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  • 1
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    Effects of azo dye on simultaneous biological removal of azo dye and nutrients in wastewater (2018)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-16
    Description: The potential disrupting effects of Azo dye on wastewater nutrients removal deserved more analysis. In this study, 15 days exposure experiments were conducted with alizarin yellow R (AYR) as a model dye to determine whether the dye caused adverse effects on biological removal of both the dye and nutrients in acclimated anaerobic–aerobic–anoxic sequencing batch reactors. The results showed that the AYR removal efficiency was, respectively, 85.7% and 66.8% at AYR concentrations of 50 and 200 mg l –1 , while higher AYR inlet (400 mg l –1 ) might inactivate sludge. Lower removal of AYR at 200 mg l –1 of AYR was due to the insufficient support of electron donors in the anaerobic process. However, the decolorized by-products p -phenylenediamine and 5-aminosalicylic were completely decomposed in the following aerobic stage at both 50 and 200 mg l –1 of AYR concentrations. Compared with the absence of AYR, the presence of 200 mg l –1 of AYR decreased the total nitrogen removal efficiency from 82.4 to 41.1%, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency initially decreased to 68.1% and then returned to around 83.4% in the long-term exposure time. It was also found that the inhibition of AYR, nitrogen and COD removal induced by a higher concentration of AYR was due to the increased intracellular reactive oxygen species production, which caused the rise of oxidation–reduction potential value and decreased ammonia monooxygenase and nitrite oxidoreductase activities.
    Keywords: environmental science
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 2
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    Degradation of phenol wastewater by a new electromagnetic induction photo-catalytic reactor (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: A new inductive photo-catalytic reactor was obtained by the alternative magnetic field and optical coupling, which was driven by AC supply. In the cylinder reactor, UV-LED lights with the wavelength of 375-380nm were evenly distributed, and the phenol solution was used as simulated wastewater. The effects of initial phenol concentration, pH, TiO 2 , H 2 O 2 , alternative magnetic frequency, current, and reaction time on the phenol degradation were investigated under an imposed alternative magnetic field. The optimized conditions and results were as follows: phenol concentrations of 15mg/L, pH of 7, H 2 O 2 of 15μL, TiO 2 of 0.18g and alternative magnetic frequency of 12 KHz and current of 2A. With these conditions, the phenol degradation ratio reached 47.1% in 1 h reaction time. The new reactor is very promising for the effective treatment of refractory organic pollutants.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Study on optimized algorithm for mileage wheel of magnetic flux leakage detector (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-07-22
    Description: Pipeline integrity is significant to safe operation of long-range pipeline. To avoid critical failure of the pipeline, which may lead to great loss of property and life, MFL_PIG is often used to detect the corrosion and leakage of the pipeline. To accurately locate the defects, mileage pulses emitted by the mileage wheel are used to and emit signal to single-chip microcomputer for position. This paper investigates the factors that may affect the precision of mileage wheel, an important part of pipeline corrosion and leakage detector (MFL_PIG), investigate its working principle and present an optimized algorithm for mileage wheel to increase the precision of detection.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 4
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    Establishment of magnetic sensors in above ground marking system (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-22
    Description: Magnetic sensors used in Above Ground Markers (AGM) to measure the magnetic field signals are one of the main parts of AGM. By collecting the change of magnetic field parameter using magnetic sensors, AGM can record the precise time when MFL_PIG is passing by the AGM. In this paper, the magnetic sensors, such as induced coil and magneto-resistive sensor, are investigated in characteristics and performance of measurement. With advantages of low cost, high resolution and wide range of measurement, the induced coil is adopted in a novel AGM. The traction test, seal ability test and temperature test show that the AGM with induced coil as magnetic sensor works well under extreme condition and reacts to change the magnetic field with high sensibility.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    Mechanical and corrosion properties of biodegradable Mg-1.5Mn-1Ca-xSr alloys (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-11
    Description: The mechanical properties and corrosion mechanism of both as-cast and solution-naturally age (T4) treated Mg-1.5Mn-1Ca-xSr alloys were investigated. The results showed that Sr is helpful to decrease grain size and increase the strength. The corrosion process of alloys was mainly determined by the quantity and distribution of second phases. Mg 17 Sr 2 , α-Mn and Ca-Sr phases acted as cathodes accelerated the corrosion of Mg 2 Ca anodic phase and α-Mg matrix. However, continuous distributed Mg 17 Sr 2 was beneficial to resist the happening of localized corrosion because of its barrier effect. T4 treatment could significantly improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys because of the dissolution of Mg 2 Ca phase and the dispersive distribution of Mg 17 Sr 2 and α-Mn phases.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Numerical investigation on the temperature control of a NIF cryogenic target (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: Numerical investigation was performed on the temperature control of NIF cryogenic target in order to get a temperature uniformity of 0.1mK on the surface of the capsule. Heat transfer process was discussed to find out major factors in the temperature control, tamping gas heat transfer and free convection of the tamping gas was calculated. Spherically symmetric temperature field is required due to energy released from the tritium decay within the capsule, auxiliary heating is set on the hohlraum to compensate the higher heat loss caused by the lower tamping gas thermal resistance on the mid plane. Free convection effect of the tamping gas is reduced by separating the tamping gas with plastic films and independent temperature control of the cooling arm. This research may provide theoretical foundation and reference for temperature control on the cryogenic target.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    A method of measuring iron content in Chinese fir leaf and root tissues by using an automatic chemical analyzer (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-20
    Description: This paper discusses a new method for determining the iron content in Chinese fir leaves and roots using a SmartChem200 automatic chemical analyzer. With a pH value of 4-5, Fe 3 + was reduced to Fe 2 + by hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and Fe 2 + and 1,10-phenanthrolinemonohydrate generated an orange complex. The iron content was calculated based on the absorbance measured at a wavelength of 510 nm. The absorbance is directly proportional to the Fe 2 + content within a certain concentration range of Fe 2 +. The absorbance had a good linear relationship with the Fe 2 + content in the range of 0.01 mgL −1 to 5 mgL −1 ; the linear regression equation of the standard curve was Y=0.0632*X-0.00002, and the correlation coefficient was 1.0000. The method is convenient and rapid, and the experimental results were reliable.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 8
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    Research on starting control strategy of hybrid-DC transmission system based on line polarity switching (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-31
    Description: The paper presented two kinds of typical topology structures of hybrid-DC transmission system along with the principle of the voltage source converter for the flexible DC transmission system. After that, the paper found that the flexibility of DC voltage in the start-up process should be restricted to an extent due to the unidirectional mobility of the HVDC transmission system. Therefore, the traditional start-up control method can not be directly applied in the starting process of the hybrid-DC transmission system. To solve this problem, the paper proposed a starting control strategy based on DC line polarity switching, which is reliable for hybrid HVDC transmission. Finally, the effect of the control strategy is verified by simulation.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 9
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    Properties, biosynthesis, and catalytic mechanisms of hydroxy-amino-acids (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-31
    Description: The hydroxy amino acids have its unique effects in the biotechnology and molecular biology, and all sorts of synthetic hydroxy amino acids have also been developed. The hydroxy amino acids have been proved to be valuable for antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer properties and known as a constituent of pharmaceutical intermediates. In addition to these fundamental researches, the hydroxy amino acids are applied widely to the synthesis of chiral drugs, such as (2 S , 3 R , 4 S )-4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) is proved to be worthy in medical treatment, cis -4-hydroxy-L-proline (C4LHyp) and trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (T4LHyp) are applied to build the chiral intermediates in pharmaceutical synthesis. Through comparisons chemical synthesis with biological catalysis to form hydroxy amino acids, enantioselective biocatalysts will undoubtedly be used in the synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals. Mononuclear non-heme Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxyge...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    Decorating gold nanostars with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for photothermal therapy (2018)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-16
    Description: Gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes have attracted substantial attention in recent years for their potential applications in photothermal therapy (PTT) as an emerging breakthrough in cancer treatment. Herein, a hybrid nanomaterial of gold nanostars/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was synthesized by two-step reduction via the control of several synthetic conditions such as the reducing agent, pH value, concentration and ratio of reagents. The material shows good biocompatibility and high photothermal conversion efficiency, demonstrating its applicability in PTT. The lack of surfactant in the synthesis process made the hybrid nanomaterial cell-friendly, with no effects on viability in vitro . The MWCNT/gold nanostars hybrid nanomaterial presented 12.4% higher photothermal efficiency than gold nanostars alone and showed a 2.4-fold increase over gold nanospheres based on a heating test under 808 nm laser irradiation. Moreover, the MWCNTs/gold nanostars at low concentration (0.32 nM) exhibited remarkably improved photothermal cancer cell-killing efficacy, which may be attributed to the surface plasmon resonance absorption of the gold nanostars and the combined effects of enhanced coupling between the MWCNTs and gold nanostars. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the MWCNTs/gold nanostars developed herein show prominent photothermal value, and thus may serve as a novel photothermal agent for cancer therapy.
    Keywords: biomaterials
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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