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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 20 (1970), S. 602-609 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Group-O plaice,Pleuronectes plattessa L., were grown on partially defined diets containing different levels of protein. 2. The growth rate appeared to increase linearly as the protein content of the diet was increased up to the highest level used (70% of the dry diet). 3. A conversion rate of 1.6 was obtained with diets containing 50% or more of protein. 4. The protein efficiency ratio on all diets was near unity. The maximum value obtained being 1.16 with the 50% protein diet.
    Notes: Extrait Ce travail étudie la croissance de plies,Pleuronectes platessa, soumises à des régimes partiellement définis et examine la relation existant entre la richesse en protéines du régime et la vitesse de croissance. Les groupes-O de plies, individuellement marquées par injection de latex coloré, étaient gardés dans des reservoirs en fibre de verre (approximativement: 90 × 60 × 42,5 de profondeur) sous un système fermé de circulation d'eau de mer. Six groupes de plies recevaient un régime dont la richesse protéique (caséine enrichie d'arginine, cystine, méthionine et tryptophane afin de ressembler à la protéine intégrale de l'oeuf de poule) était différente; respectivement 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 et 70% du poids sec de la nourriture. Ces différents régimes étaient isocaloriques et contenaient 3.7 calories par gramme. L'expérience a été réalisée à 15° C. Le poids initial moyen des poissons utilisés était compris entre 2 et 3 g. La croissance a été presque linéaire avec chaque régime et les vitesses moyennes de croissance par semaine, pendant la durée de l'expérience (28 semaines) ont été de 0.19, 0.22, 0.49, 0.56, 0.73, 0.75 g avec les régimes contenant respectivement de 20% à 70% de protéines. La vitesse de croissance apparait donc augmenter linéairement avec la richesse en protéines du régime jusqu'à la valeur la plus élevée testée. Les taux de conversion (grammes de nourriture sèche nécessaires pour produire une augmentation de poids d'un gramme) ont été de 5.5, 3.5, 2.9, 1.7, 1.6 et 1.6 pour les régimes contenant respectivement de 20% à 70% de protéines. Les rapports d'efficacité protéique (P.E.R. = augmentation — en grammes — du poids vif par gramme de protéines ingeré) ont été de l'ordre de 1.0, la valeur optimum étant de 1.16 pour le régime à 50% protéique. Ces résultats sont discutés et comparés avec ceux trouvés pour le saumon et le poisson chat,Ictalurus punctatus.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth of 0-group Pleuronectes platessa L. on diets containing plant proteins was examined. Diets were made acceptable to the fish by including in them cod flesh which had been predigested with proteolytic enzymes, as well as a proportion of air-dried cod meal. A leaf-protein concentrate was fed at 6 levels ranging from 0 to 63 % of the total dietary protein; B.P. protein concentrate (Toprina) and soyabean meal were examined at a single level — about 45 % of the dietary protein. The remainder of the protein in these diets was animal protein, cod meal or cod flesh. Analysis of the weight gains after a 12 week feeding period and of the growth curves showed that, as the proportion of leaf protein in the diet increased, the growth rate diminished, the effect becoming more pronounced when leaf protein reached 40 % or more of the dietary protein. Growth on the diet containing B.P. protein concentrate was superior to that on the diet containing soyabean meal and was comparable with diets containing low levels of leaf protein. The protein efficiency ratios (PER= g live weight gain/g protein fed) for the different diets showed similar trends to the growth rates. Diets containing 40 % or less of leaf protein and the B.P. protein diet had PERs of 1.4 to 1.5. The soyabean meal diet and diets containing more than 40 % of the protein as leaf protein had PERs of 1.0 or less. The results are considered in the context of production diets for flatfish.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two organic compounds, diethylstilboestrol a synthetic oestrogen substitute, and cyproheptadine which acts as an appetite stimulant in some mammals, were added separately at 3 different concentrations to diets fed to plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), and their effect on growth examined. Over a 10 week period, low orally-administered diethylstilboestrol (600 μg/kg moist diet) gave rise to increased weight gain, food consumption and food conversion. Higher dietary concentrations of diethylstilboestrol (up to 2400 μg/kg diet) were without effect on these parameters. Cyproheptadine did not stimulate appetite, weight gain or food conversion at any of the levels tested.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1970), S. 53-62 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Samples of injection-moulded Delrin of a particular known morphology were examined in the scanning electron microscope. It was found that the beam affected the specimen in certain characteristic ways, the raster leaving a permanent imprint on the sample surface. By considering the nature of the irradiation process in the scanning electron microscope the amount and type of beam damage could be quantitatively correlated with the operating variables of the instrument. It is hoped that this will provide the groundwork for similar investigations on other systems. The importance of understanding and controlling beam-induced effects in the interpretation of scanning electron microscope images is clearly brought out by the present study. The nature of the beam damage bears a relation to the texture of the sample as inferred by other means. Thus the scanning electron microscope can serve as a device for achieving controlled beam etching in service of structure studies.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1970), S. 53-62 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Samples of injection-moulded Delrin of a particular known morphology were examined in the scanning electron microscope. It was found that the beam affected the specimen in certain characteristic ways, the raster leaving a permanent imprint on the sample surface. By considering the nature of the irradiation process in the scanning electron microscope the amount and type of beam damage could be quantitatively correlated with the operating variables of the instrument. It is hoped that this will provide the groundwork for similar investigations on other systems. The importance of understanding and controlling beam-induced effects in the interpretation of scanning electron microscope images is clearly brought out by the present study. The nature of the beam damage bears a relation to the texture of the sample as inferred by other means. Thus the scanning electron microscope can serve as a device for achieving controlled beam etching in service of structure studies.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Non-invasive measurement (water flow) ; Nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging ; Phloem water flow ; Ricinus seedling ; Xylem water flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A flow-sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microimaging technique was applied to measure directly the in-vivo water flow in 6-d-old castor bean seedlings. The achieved in-plane resolution of the technique allowed discrimination between xylem and phloem water flow. Both the xylem- and the phloem-average flow velocities in the intact seedling could be quantified. Furthermore, the total conductive cross-sectional area of the xylem vessels and the phloem sieve elements could be determined using the non-invasive and non-destructive NMR microimaging technique. Hence, it was possible to calculate the in-vivo volume flow rates for both xylem and phloem water flow. Our non-destructive technique showed that previously used methods to measure phloem water flow affected the flow rate itself. In the intact seedlings we found values of 16.6 μl·h−1, two fold lower than those previously estimated from phloem exudation rates. Finally, our results demonstrate for the first time that water is internally circulated between phloem and xylem, and that water flow within the xylem is maintained by this internally circulated water, even in the absence of any significant transpiration or evaporation.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 188 (1995), S. 277-277 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: NMR micro-imaging ; Grape berry ; Lipid ; Water ; Distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) micro-imaging has been applied to the study of water, lipid, and soluble carbohydrate distribution in intact grape berries. Conventional1H spin echo images reveal details of berry vascular structure, which can be enhanced by suitable choice of imaging parameters. Change in water distribution during drying can also be observed non-invasively. By means of chemical shift imaging methods, it is possible to image separately the distributions of water, lipid, and soluble carbohydrate (glucose and fructose) in selected berries, with an in-plane resolution of 60 μm. The technique demonstrated concentration of lipid (oil) in the seeds of intact, mature Shiraz grapes, in a relatively narrow zone in the endosperm, next to its interface with the inner layer of the seed coat, although the lipid zone did not extend entirely around the endosperm perimeter. Carbohydrate, consisting mainly of glucose and fructose in approximately equal proportions, was shown to be evenly distributed in the placental and pericarp tissues of mature grapes. In some cases magnetic field distortions due to the presence of air pockets in seeds of Chardonnay grapes and in seed traces of mature Sultana grapes were also present, leading to an artefactual appearance of localised high sugar in the chemical shift images of these berries.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 159 (1990), S. 70-73 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Histochemistry ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Non-invasive techniques ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have combined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging on the microscopic scale with chemical shift selection to demonstrate the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to plant histochemistry. As an example of the method we have obtained separate images of the distribution of reserve oil and anethole in dried fennel mericarps. The technique can be employed to separately image the distribution of aromatics, carbohydrates, oils, water and possibly fatty acids in suitable plant materials.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 24 (1976), S. 1-24 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the spin diffusion coefficientD and relaxation timesT 1 andT 2 are reported for3 He impurity in solid4 He of fractional concentrationx 3 down to 10−4. Forx 3≤10−3,T∼0.5 K, and molar volume 21.0 cm3,Dx 3=1.2±0.4×10−11 cm2 sec−2,T 2 x 3=1.7×10−4 sec, andT 1 x 3=6.6×10−2 sec at 2 MHz. The spectral densityJ(ω) for dipole field fluctuations has been studied as a function of frequency from 104 to about 107 Hz. Two branches of approximately equal area have been found with scaling frequencies of about 104 and 106 Hz. It is argued that the high-frequency branch, which has some unusual structure, relates to 3 He- 4 He tunnelling, uninhibited by other 3 He impurities, and occurs at a rate of about 0.6 MHz for molar volume 21 cm3. The molar volume dependence of this tunneling appears to be similar to that found in pure, solid 3 He.
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