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  • Institute of Physics  (236)
  • American Institute of Physics  (125)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (44)
  • Wiley  (18)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A transmission electron microscope operating with a cold field emission source has been modified to facilitate differential phase contrast mapping and applied to the observation of microscopic magnetic features appearing in recorded longitudinal media. After describing the design and performance of the scanning Lorentz electron microscope, as we call it, results on the observation of bit patterns delineated on Co-based sputtered longitudinal media are presented. Relations of observed bit profiles to macroscopic magnetic properties of media and to device performance are discussed. Then, magnetization fluctuation on a scale of magnetic crystallites constituting the medium is examined. Also given is an account of a stray field effect inherent in hard magnetic materials.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 5510-5517 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polarized reflection spectra of single crystals of PDA-CPDO [poly-1-(N-carbazolyl)penta-1, 3-diyn-5-ol], which are π conjugated between the side groups and the main chain, have been measured in the photon energy region from 1.38 to 32 eV for the first time with a polarized synchrotron radiation source. Absorption spectra have been calculated using the Kramers–Kronig relation. Transitions in the visible absorption spectrum, which have been previously attributed to an interband transition in a similar polydiacetylene, have been found to be highly dichroic with respect to the direction along the polymer backbone. The absorption spectrum in this region reveals two broad (ΔE(approximately-greater-than)0.4 eV) peaks at 1.9 and 2.7 eV with an almost equal absorption coefficient of 7.5×104 cm−1. The spectral features in the range from 3 to 8 eV result from electronic transitions of the carbazolyl side groups. A single broad (ΔE∼10 eV) absorption band observed at 18 eV is due to either transitions of σ electrons to higher σ* or π* states of the carbazolyl group, or to ionization processes.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ionic conductivity σ and mobility μ in the amorphous network polymers from poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) containing lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) at the concentration of [LiClO4]/[PO unit]=0.042 and 0.076 were investigated by means of complex impedance and time-of-flight methods. The σ values of the PPO–LiClO4 complexes reached 10−5 S cm−1 at 70 °C. The temperature dependence of σ deviated from a single Arrhenius behavior above a critical temperature (−1 °C and 11 °C) which approximately corresponded to the glass transition temperature Tg. The μ values were relatively high and changed from 10−6 to 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the temperature range of 40–100 °C. The Nernst–Einstein equation correlated μ with the ionic diffusion coefficient D. The Williams–Landel–Ferry equation with C1(approximately-equal-to)5 and C2(approximately-equal-to)30–50 held with a temperature dependence of D in the order of 10−8–10−7 cm2 s−1. The change in the number of ionic carriers n with temperature obeyed the Arrhenius equation with the activation energy of 0.26 and 0.34 eV. The degree of dissociation for LiClO4 in the PPO networks was 1–6%, and the dissociation was facilitated in the low LiClO4 concentration complex. The temperature dependence of σ above Tg was interpreted quantitatively in terms of n and μ.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 7404-7416 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The time-resolved spectroscopy in polydiacetylene single crystals (PDA-MADF {poly-1-[3-(methylamino)phenyl]-4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1, 3-butadiyne}) on femtosecond and picosecond time scales was performed. The time dependence of the photoinduced reflectance change in PDA-MADF exhibits three components with lifetimes ∼200 fs, 1–2 ps, and (very-much-greater-than)200 ps. These components are assigned to the free 1Bu excitons, self-trapped excitons, and triplet excitons. From the excitation intensity dependence of the reflectance change, a significant role of bimolecular interactions between singlet excitons for the formation of triplet excitons is clarified. A model of the mechanism of triplet exciton formation after the creation of singlet excitons is proposed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 4403-4406 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The phase transformation behavior of hexagonal germanium nitride, including both α- and β-Ge3N4, has been studied under shock wave compression. The shock compressed quenched samples indicate phase transformation from hexagonal into a cubic spinel structure (γ-Ge3N4). This transformation is completed with increasing shock pressure up to 40–46 GPa (temperature of 1300–1500 K). The lattice constant of γ-Ge3N4 is measured to be 0.820 63±0.000 19 nm, and the crystal density 6.581 g/cm3, by the powder x-ray diffraction. The stability of γ-Ge3N4 also has been investigated under shock wave compression. It is found that the spinel structure is very stable, and up to at least 63 GPa (temperature of ∼1700 K) there is no indication of the formation of a postspinel phase. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 3070-3072 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A cubic Si3N4 phase/nanostructure has been characterized by means of high-resolution analytical electron microscopy. The specimen prepared from β-Si3N4 powders at a high pressure and temperature by shock wave compression contained nanometer-sized Si3N4 crystallites. The results of nano-beam electron diffraction analysis and high-resolution lattice images as well as computer simulations revealed that the Si3N4 crystallites had a cubic symmetry with spinel structure. The electron energy loss spectrum suggested that the chemical compositions of these nanostructures were close to Si3N4. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1548-1551 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Interferometer measurements are extremely informative in shock wave studies allowing direct evaluations of the gas density. The primary goal of the work presented is to build a laser interferometer that meets the requirements of the highest possible simplicity, economy, convenience, and ease of construction. In our experiments, we used a low average power (10 mW) He–Ne laser without complication, expense, and environmental section. The He–Ne laser interferometer with the Michelson arrangement was used to measure the line-averaged gas densities of shock waves. Temporal and spatial measurements of the density were performed for shock wave developments from high-current pulse discharges. The shock wave propagates in the radial direction of the discharge channel with supersonic speed. The shock velocity, however, decreased from 2–0.5 km/s with the distance of the shock propagation. The width of the high density region, that is in the vicinity of the shock front was compressed from 3.5 to 1.8 mm according to the time variation of the discharge current. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 706-710 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report on a diagnostic method for observing the implosion asymmetry of soft-x-ray-driven fusion capsules. The method consists of an x-ray backlight source using a 4.8-keV quasi-monochromatic titanium x-ray source and a fast multiframe x-ray imaging system. With the proper combination of spectral filters and photocathode to reduce intense background x rays from a gold cavity plasma, x-ray backlighting images of the fusion capsules have been successively obtained with spatial and temporal resolutions of 20 μm and 80 ps, respectively. These images are used to study the implosion velocity and the lower-mode distortion caused by x-ray irradiation nonuniformity on the imploding fusion capsule.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 865-872 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Adhesion between thin Te-based alloy films and fluorocarbon polymer sublayers, prepared by sputtering or plasma polymerization, was investigated by observing the 1 μm-sized ablative hole opening process with a focused laser beam. Interpretations of the mechanisms for the change in energy required for the hole opening and pit geometry were based on the framework of studies of the ablative hole opening process for optical recording. Observations suggest that the molten material flow during the hole opening includes a ductile fracture and a viscous flow of the molten sublayer material as well as of active layer material. Adhesion acts as an energy barrier against the above mentioned flow of molten material during the hole opening process. Since the fluorocarbon films used in the present work had highly cross-linked structures, the adhesion was mainly dominated by the dynamic force of adhesion. Therefore, the hole opening process was mainly affected by the dynamic force of adhesion rather than the static force, which is dominated by the surface energy of the sublayer. There was a good correlation between the dynamic force of adhesion estimated by the peel-off strength and the concentrations of the -CF- and -C-CF- structures estimated from C1s spectra obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Hf-added FeRuGaSi alloy film has an amorphous structure in the as-deposited state and becomes nanocrystalline after annealing. Due to this structure change from crystalline to amorphous by the addition of Hf, soft magnetic degradation of the film deposited on the slant grooved substrate, which is necessary for the sophisticated embedded thin film (ETF) head structure, is greatly suppressed and the undesirable film stress is relieved. The FeRuGaSi-Hf alloy film has higher resistivity and permeability at high frequencies than those of sendust film, and the read/write characteristics of this alloy film show better performance than sendust film. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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