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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (22)
  • Mid-Atlantic Ridge  (7)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology  (6)
  • American Geophysical Union  (32)
  • 1
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    High-speed imaging, acoustic features, and aeroacoustic computations of jet noise from Strombolian (and Vulcanian) explosions (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: High-speed imaging of explosive eruptions at Stromboli (Italy), Fuego (Guatemala), and Yasur (Vanuatu) volcanoes allowed visualization of pressure waves from seconds-long explosions. From the explosion jets, waves radiate with variable geometry, timing, and apparent direction and velocity. Both the explosion jets and their wave fields are replicated well by numerical simulations of supersonic jets impulsively released from a pressurized vessel. The scaled acoustic signal from one explosion at Stromboli displays a frequency pattern with an excellent match to those from the simulated jets. We conclude that both the observed waves and the audible sound from the explosions are jet noise, i.e., the typical acoustic field radiating from high-velocity jets. Volcanic jet noise was previously quantified only in the infrasonic emissions from large, sub-Plinian to Plinian eruptions. Our combined approach allows us to define the spatial and temporal evolution of audible jet noise from supersonic jets in small-scale volcanic eruptions.
    Beschreibung: INGV-DPC “V2” and “Paroxysm,” FIRB-MIUR “Research and Development of New Technologies for Protection and Defense of Territory from Natural Risks,” and FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008–235328 “NEMOH” ITN projects
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3096–3102
    Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): jet noise ; volcano acoustics ; Stromboli ; Yasur ; Fuego ; strombolian eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Real-time measurement of volcanic H2S and SO2 concentrations by UV spectroscopy (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Sulphur speciation in volcanic gases acts as a major redox buffer, and H2S/SO2 ratios represent a valuable indicator of magmatic conditions and interactions between magmatic and hydrothermal fluids. However, measurement of H2S/SO2 even by direct sampling techniques, is not straightforward. We report here on application of a small ultraviolet spectrometer for real-time field measurement of H2S and SO2 concentrations, using open-path and extractive configurations. The device was tested at fumaroles on Solfatara and Vulcano, Italy, in November 2002. H2S concentrations of up to 220ppmm(400 ppmv) were measured directly above the Bocca Grande fumarole at Solfatara, and H2S/SO2 molar ratios of 2 and 2.4, respectively, were determined for the ‘F11’ and ‘F0’ fumaroles at Vulcano. In comparison with other optical techniques capable of multiple volcanic gas measurements, such as laser and FTIR spectroscopy, this approach is considerably simpler and cheaper, with the potential for autonomous, sustained hightime resolution operation.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1652
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Remote monitoring ; Plume chemistry ; sulphur species ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 124998 bytes
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  • 3
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    Unmanned aerial vehicle measurements of volcanic carbon dioxide fluxes (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report the first measurements of volcanic gases with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The data were collected at La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Italy, during April 2007, with a helicopter UAV of 3 kg payload, carrying an ultraviolet spectrometer for remotely sensing the SO2 flux (8.5 Mg d 1), and an infrared spectrometer, and electrochemical sensor assembly for measuring the plume CO2/SO2 ratio; by multiplying these data we compute a CO2 flux of 170 Mg d 1. Given the deeper exsolution of carbon dioxide from magma, and its lower solubility in hydro-thermal systems, relative to SO2, the ability to remotely measure CO2 fluxes is significant, with promise to provide more profound geochemical insights, and earlier eruption forecasts, than possible with SO2 fluxes alone: the most ubiquitous current source of remotely sensed volcanic gas data.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L06303
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Plume measurements ; carbon dioxide fluxes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    Array tracking of the volcanic tremor source at Deception Island Antarctica (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We have found experimental evidence which shows that the volcanic tremor recorded at Deception Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) is a superposition in time of overlapping hybrid events.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3069-3072
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Arrays ; volcanictremor ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    Source Mechanism of Long Period events recorded by a high density seismic network during the 2008 eruption on Mt Etna (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: 129 Long Period (LP) events, divided in two families were recorded by 50 stations deployed on Mount Etna within an eruptive context in the second half of June 2008. In order to understand the mechanisms of these events, we perform moment tensor inversion. Numerical tests show that unconstrained inversion leads to reliable moment tensor solutions because of the close proximity of numerous stations to the source positions. However, single forces cannot be accurately determined as they are very sensitive to uncertainities in the velocity model. These tests emphasize the importance of using stations located as close as possible to the source in the inversion of LP events. Inversion of LP signals is initially unconstrained, in order to estimate the most likely mechanism. Constrained inversions then allow us to accurately determine the structural orientations of the mechanisms. Inversions for both families show mechanisms with strong volumetric components. These events are generated by cracks striking SW-NE for both families and dipping 70± SE (fam. 1) and 50± NW (fam. 2). The geometries of the cracks are different from the structures obtained by the location of these events. The orientation of the cracks is consistent with the local tectonic context on Mount Etna. The LP events seem to be a response to the lava fountain occuring on the 10th of May, 2008.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: (38)
    Beschreibung: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Long-Period events ; earthquake source mechanism ; Etna Volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Source mechanism of long-period events recorded by a high-density seismic network during the 2008 eruption on Mount Etna (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: One hundred twenty-nine long-period (LP) events, divided into two families of similar events, were recorded by the 50 stations deployed on Mount Etna in the second half of June 2008. During this period lava was flowing from a lateral fracture after a summit Strombolian eruption. In order to understand the mechanisms of these events, we perform moment tensor inversions. Inversions are initially kept unconstrained to estimate the most likely mechanism. Numerical tests show that unconstrained inversion leads to reliable moment tensor solutions because of the close proximity of numerous stations to the source positions. However, single forces cannot be accurately determined as they are very sensitive to uncertainties in the velocity model. Constrained inversions for a crack, a pipe or an explosion then allow us to accurately determine the structural orientations of the source mechanisms. Both numerical tests and LP event inversions emphasise the importance of using stations located as close as possible to the source. Inversions for both families show mechanisms with a strong volumetric component. These events are most likely generated by cracks striking SW–NE for both families and dipping 70° SE (family 1) and 50° NW (family 2). For family 1 events, the crack geometry is nearly orthogonal to the dikelike structure along which events are located, while for family 2 the location gave two pipelike bodies that belong to the same plane as the crack mechanism. The orientations of the cracks are consistent with local tectonics, which shows a SW–NE weakness direction. The LP events appear to be a response to the lava fountain occurring on 10 May 2008 as opposed to the flank lava flow.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B01304
    Beschreibung: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Etna Volcano ; long-period events ; source mechanism ; location ; plumbing systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 7
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    Seismovolcanic signals at Deception Island volcano,Antarctica: Wave field analysis and source modeling (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-11-17
    Beschreibung: Island (Antarctica), recorded during three Antarctic summers (1994- 1995, 1995-1996 and 1996-1997), are analyzed using a dense small-aperture (500 m) seismic array. The visual and spectral classification of the seismic events shows the existence of long-period and hybrid isolated seismic events, and of low-frequency, quasi-monochromatic and spasmodic continuous tremors, All spectra have the highest amplitudes in the frequency band between 1 and 4 Hz, while hybrids and spasmodic tremors have also significant amplitudes in the high-frequency band (4-10 Hz). The array analysis indicates that almost all the well-correlated low-frequency signals share similar array parameters (slowness and back azimuth) and have the same source area, close to the array site. The polarization analysis shows that phases at high-frequency are mostly composed of P waves, and those phases dominated by low frequencies can be interpreted as surface waves. No clear shear waves are evidenced. From the energy evaluation, we have found that the reduced displacement values for surface and body waves are confined in a narrow interval. Volcano-tectonic seismicity is located close to the array, at a depth shallower than 1 km. The wave-field properties of the seismovolcanic signals allow us to assume a unique source model, a shallow resonating fluid-filled crack system at a depth of some hundreds of meters. All of the seismic activity is interpreted as the response of a reasonably stable stationary geothermal process. The differences observed in the back azimuth between low and high frequencies are a near-field effect. A few episodes of the degassification process in an open conduit were observed and modeled with a simple organ pipe.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 13905-13931
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Long Period Events ; Deception Island ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    Downward continued multichannel seismic refraction analysis of Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex, 30°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 13 (2012): Q0AG07, doi:10.1029/2012GC004059.
    Beschreibung: Detailed seismic refraction results show striking lateral and vertical variability of velocity structure within the Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex (OCC), contrasting notably with its conjugate ridge flank. Multichannel seismic (MCS) data are downward continued using the Synthetic On Bottom Experiment (SOBE) method, providing unprecedented detail in tomographic models of the P-wave velocity structure to subseafloor depths of up to 1.5 km. Velocities can vary up to 3 km/s over several hundred meters and unusually high velocities (~5 km/s) are found immediately beneath the seafloor in key regions. Correlation with in situ and dredged rock samples, video and records from submersible dives, and a 1.415 km drill core, allow us to infer dominant lithologies. A high velocity body(ies) found to shoal near to the seafloor in multiple locations is interpreted as gabbro and is displaced along isochrons within the OCC, indicating a propagating magmatic source as the origin for this pluton(s). The western two-thirds of the Southern Ridge is capped in serpentinite that may extend nearly to the base of our ray coverage. The distribution of inferred serpentinite indicates that the gabbroic pluton(s) was emplaced into a dominantly peridotitic host rock. Presumably the mantle host rock was later altered via seawater penetration along the detachment zone, which controlled development of the OCC. The asymmetric distribution of seismic velocities and morphology of Atlantis Massif are consistent with a detachment fault with a component of dip to the southeast. The lowest velocities observed atop the eastern Central Dome and conjugate crust are most likely volcanics. Here, an updated model of the magmatic and extensional faulting processes at Atlantis Massif is deduced from the seismic results, contributing more generally to understanding the processes controlling the formation of heterogeneous lithosphere at slow-rate spreading centers.
    Beschreibung: NSF support was provided via grant OCE-0927442.
    Beschreibung: 2012-11-19
    Schlagwort(e): Mid-Atlantic Ridge ; Detachment fault ; Gabbro ; Oceanic core complex ; Seismic structure ; Serpentinized peridotite
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Crustal structure of the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) segment (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 26°10′N) : implications for the nature of hydrothermal circulation and detachment faulting at slow spreading ridges (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 8 (2007): Q08004, doi:10.1029/2007GC001629.
    Beschreibung: New seismic refraction data reveal that hydrothermal circulation at the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 26°10′N is not driven by energy extracted from shallow or mid-crustal magmatic intrusions. Our results show that the TAG hydrothermal field is underlain by rocks with high seismic velocities typical of lower crustal gabbros and partially serpentinized peridotites at depth as shallow as 1 km, and we find no evidence for low seismic velocities associated with mid-crustal magma chambers. Our tomographic images support the hypothesis of Tivey et al. (2003) that the TAG field is located on the hanging wall of a detachment fault, and constrain the complex, dome-shaped subsurface geometry of the fault system. Modeling of our seismic velocity profiles indicates that the porosity of the detachment footwall increases after rotation during exhumation, which may enhance footwall cooling. However, heat extracted from the footwall is insufficient for sustaining long-term, high-temperature, hydrothermal circulation at TAG. These constraints indicate that the primary heat source for the TAG hydrothermal system must be a deep magma reservoir at or below the base of the crust.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by NSF grant OCE-0137329.
    Schlagwort(e): TAG hydrothermal field ; Crustal structure ; Detachment faulting ; Mid-Atlantic Ridge ; Slow spreading ridge
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    High-speed imaging of Strombolian explosions: The ejection velocity of pyroclasts (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-14
    Beschreibung: Explosive volcanic eruptions are defined as the violent ejection of gas and hot fragments from a vent in the Earth's crust. Knowledge of ejection velocity is crucial for understanding and modeling relevant physical processes of an eruption, and yet direct measurements are still a difficult task with largely variable results. Here we apply pioneering high-speed imaging to measure the ejection velocity of pyroclasts from Strombolian explosive eruptions with an unparalleled temporal resolution. Measured supersonic velocities, up to 405 m/s, are twice higher than previously reported for such eruptions. Individual Strombolian explosions include multiple, sub-second-lasting ejection pulses characterized by an exponential decay of velocity. When fitted with an empirical model from shock-tube experiments literature, this decay allows constraining the length of the pressurized gas pockets responsible for the ejection pulses. These results directly impact eruption modeling and related hazard assessment, as well as the interpretation of geophysical signals from monitoring networks.
    Beschreibung: INGV-DPC “V2” and “Paroxysm”, FIRB-MIUR “Research and Development of New Technologies for Protection and Defense of Territory from Natural Risks”, and FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008 – 235328 Projects
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L02301
    Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): strombolian ; ejection velocity ; explosive eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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