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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual Differences in Bone Markers and Bone Mineral Density of Normal Chinese (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 454-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteocalcin — Procollagen-I C terminal peptide — Bone alkaline phosphatase — N-teleopeptide type I collagen — Bone mineral density — Chinese men and women.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar (L2–L4) vertebrae and proximal femurs of 385 healthy Chinese women aged 40–70 years and 156 healthy Chinese men aged 20–85, and four markers—bone alkaline phosphatase isozyme (BAP), procollagen-I C terminal propeptide (PICP), osteocalcin (BGP) in serum, and a bone resorption marker, urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), of these subjects. The results indicate that in postmenopausal women, levels of all the markers increased with age. In men, serum BAP, PICP, and urinary NTX decreased significantly, and serum BGP decreased with borderline significance (P= 0.08). With increasing age, bone density decreased at both sites in postmenopausal women and at the proximal femur in men. The lumbar bone density showed no significant age-related changes in men. In premenopausal women, BMD at either site showed no significant change with increasing age. Despite the different trends between men and women of age-related changes in BMD and bone markers, bone density of both proximal femur and spine in both sexes correlated inversely with levels of the bone markers in a manner independent of age or body weight. The meaning of opposite age effects on bone markers in men and women needs further investigation. In addition, higher bone marker levels, implying faster bone turnover rate, are associated with lower BMD in both sexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual differences in bone markers and bone mineral density of normal Chinese (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 454-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteocalcin ; Procollagen-I C terminal peptide ; Bone alkaline phosphatase ; N-teleopeptide type I collagen ; Bone mineral density ; Chinese men and women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We measured bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar (L2–L4) vertebrae and proximal femurs of 385 healthy Chinese women aged 40–70 years and 156 healthy Chinese men aged 20–85, and four markers—bone alkaline phosphatase isozyme (BAP), procollagen-I C terminal propeptide (PICP), osteocalcin (BGP) in serum, and a bone resorption marker, urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), of these subjects. The results indicate that in postmenopausal women, levels of all the markers increased with age. In men, serum BAP, PICP, and urinary NTX decreased significantly, and serum BGP decreased with borderline significance (P=0.08). With increasing age, bone density decreased at both sites in post-menopausal women and at the proximal femur in men. The lumbar bone density showed no significant age-related changes in men. In premenopausal women, BMD at either site showed no significant change with increasing age. Despite the different trends between men and women of agerelated changes in BMD and bone markers, bone density of both proximal femur and spine in both sexes correlated inversely with levels of the bone markers in a manner independent of age or body weight. The meaning of opposite age effects on bone markers in men and women needs further investigation. In addition, higher bone marker levels, implying faster bone turnover rate, are associated with lower BMD in both sexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369210
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetate enhances solvent production and prevents degeneration in Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 170-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Addition of sodium acetate to chemically defined MP2 medium was found to increase and stabilize solvent production by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101, a solvent-hyperproducing mutant derived from C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. C. beijerinckii BA101 demonstrated a greater increase in solvent production than C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 when sodium acetate was added to MP2 medium. In 1-l batch fermentations, C. beijerinckii BA101 produced 32.6 g/l total solvents, with butanol at 20.9 g/l, when grown in MP2 medium containing 60 mM sodium acetate and 8% glucose. To our knowledge, these values represent the highest solvent and butanol concentrations produced by a solventogenic Clostridium strain when grown in batch culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051504
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trapping and reflection coefficients for deuterium in graphite at oblique incidence (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Trapping and particle reflection coefficients for 0.4–10keVD on graphite have been measured for angles of incidence 0≦α≦85° by determining the areal density of implanted D as a function of the implanted fluence. The experimental data are compared to computer calculations with the TRIM-program. The agreement between measurement and calculation is good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614669
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trapping and reflection coefficients for3He in Ni at oblique incidence (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The areal density and the depth distribution of3He trapped in Ni as a function of the bombarding fiuence was measured in the energy range of 1–25 keV and at angles of incidence between 0 and 85° using nuclear reaction analysis. At fluences below saturation a linear relation is found between the areal density and the fiuence. From its slope the trapping and reflection coefficients can be determined. The experimental data for trapping and reflection coefficients and for the depth profiles were compared with computer simulation results from the TRIM program. To reduce uncertainties in the absolute values of the experimental trapping coefficients, they were normalized to the TRIM values at normal incidence. The dependence of the measured reflection coefficient on the angle of incidence between 0 and 80° shows good agreement with the calculated data for incident energies from 3 to 25 keV, but for 1 keV the measured reflection coefficients are higher than the calculated ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617186
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exact solution of heat transfer from a stretching surface with variable heat flux (1998)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 33 (1998), S. 477-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An exact expression of the temperature distribution is constructed for the heat transfer from a stretching surface with prescribed power law heat flux. The stretching velocity is inversely proportional to the one third power of the distance measured along the surface from a thin slit. The final result is expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions. Although the exact solution is accomplished, some physically unrealistic phenomena are encounters for specific conditions. The temperature parameter which prescribe the surface heat flux, strongly affects those situations. Two types of temperature distribution are discussed: dimensionless temperatures with and without scaling to the dimensionless surface temperature. The expression of the temperature distribution without scaling is lucid to understand the heat transfer characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310050218
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural convection in a partitioned enclosure heated from below (1988)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 22 (1988), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine numerische dreidimensionale SplineMethode zur Berechnung der zweidimensionalen Naturkonvektion in einem von unten beheizten, unterteiltem Hohlraum wird vorgestellt. Der Wärmestrom und die Temperatur auf beiden Seiten der undurchlässigen Trennwand werden als konstant betrachtet. Mit Hilfe der SADI-Prozedur werden die beschreibenden Gleichungen gelöst. Über den Einfluß der Unterteilung und der Rayleigh-Zahl auf die Strömung des Fluids und das Temperaturfeld wird eine Parameter-Studie durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Anordnung der Unterteilung und die Rayleigh-Zahl einen entscheidenden Einfluß auf das Wärmeübertragungsverhalten haben.
    Notes: Abstract Cubic spline collection numerical method has been developed to determine two dimensional natural convection in a partitioned enclosure heated from below. The both sides of impermeable partition are considered to have continuity in heat flux and temperatures. The governing equations are solved with aid of the SADI procedure. Parametric studies of the effects of the partition and Rayleigh number on the fluid flow and temperature fields have been performed. Results show that the location of the partition and Rayleigh number have a significant influence on the flow and heat transfer characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01387885
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.65 ; 68 ; 36.40 ; 78 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697849
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developments in Phase-Field Modeling of Thermoelastic and Two-Component Materials (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 95 (1999), S. 1141-1164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: solidification of alloys ; phase field models ; interfaces ; nonlocal effects ; solidus curves ; solute trappings ; partition coefficient ; asymptotics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A discussion is given of recent advances in phase-field modeling of materials which change phase. On one hand, general models incorporating elasticity properties of the material, nonconserved and conserved order parameters, and nonlocal effects are now available. On the other hand, gradient theories for binary alloys have been developed which reflect such effects as the dependence of capillarity on the concentration of impurities, solute trapping in its dependence on velocity of solidification fronts, and other nonequilibrium phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004566820463
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The finite element solutions of laminar flow and combined convection of air in a staggered or an in-line tube-bank (1988)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 23 (1988), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Methode der finiten Elemente wird zur Lösung der vollständigen Navier-Stokes- und der Energiegleichung für die Probleme der laminaren kombinierten Konvektion an drei isothermen geheizten horizontalen Zylindern in versetzter Rohranordnung sowie für vier isotherme geheizte horizontale Zylinder in fluchtender Anordnung verwendet. Die Veränderung der Wandschubspannung, des Druckes und der Nusselt-Zahl werden für die gesamte Zylinderoberfläche, einschließlich des Bereiches nach dem Ablösepunkt, bestimmt. Die Werte des gesamten Widerstandsbeiwertes aufgrund von Druck und Reibung, die durchschnittliche Nusselt-Zahl und die Diagramme des Geschwindigkeitsfeldes und der Isothermen werden ebenfalls aufgezeigt.
    Notes: Abstract A finite element method is used to solve the full Navier-Stokes and energy equations for the problems of laminar combined convection from three isothermal heat horizontal cylinders in staggered tube-bank and four isothermal heat horizontal cylinders in in-line tube-bank. The variations of surface shear stress, pressure and Nusselt number are obtained over the entire cylinder surface including the zone beyond the separation point. The predicted values of total, pressure and friction drag coefficients, average Nusselt number and the plots of velocity flow fields and isotherms are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637131
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