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  • Lepidoptera  (9)
  • Acetolactate synthase  (4)
  • Springer  (13)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • Springer  (13)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Elsevier  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A valine-resistant mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana displays an acetolactate synthase with altered feedback control (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1994), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acetolactate synthase ; Amino acid (branched chain) ; Arabidopsis ; Feedback regulation ; Mutant ; Valine resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A valine-resistant mutant line, VAL-2, of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. was identified by screening M 2 populations of ethylmethane-sulfonate-mutagenized seeds. The resistance was found to be due to a single, dominant, nuclear gene mutation. Assay of acetolactate synthase (ALS) indicated that the valine resistance in this mutant is caused by decreased sensitivity of ALS to the branched-chain amino acids, valine, leucine and isoleucine. A two fold decrease in apparent K m value for pyruvate of the mutant ALS enzyme was detected compared with that of the wild type. The sensitivity of the ALS enzyme to sulfonylurea, imidazolinone and triazolopyrimidine herbicides was not altered in the mutant. At the plant growth level the mutant was also resistant to valine plus leucine, but was sensitive to leucine or isoleucine alone. The mutant gene, var1, maps, or is very closely linked, to CSR1, the gene encoding acetolactate synthase in Arabidopsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194459
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A double mutant allele, csr1-4, of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes an acetolactate synthase with altered kinetics (1995)
    Springer
    Planta 196 (1995), S. 64-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acetolactate synthase ; Arabidopsis ; Enzyme kinetics ; Herbicide resistance ; Mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A comparison is made of the kinetic characteristics of acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18) in extracts from Columbia wild type and four near-isogenic, herbicide-resistant mutants of Arobidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. The mutants used were the chlorsulfuron-resistant GH50 (csr1-1), the imazapyr-resistant GH90 (csr1-2), the triazolopyrimidine-resistant Tzp5 (csr1-3) and the multiherbicide-resistant, double mutant GM4.8 (csr1-4), derived from csr1-1 and csr1-2 by intragenic recombination (G. Mourad et al. 1994, Mol. Gen. Genet. 243, 178–184). $$K_{m_{app} } $$ and V max values for the substrate pyruvate were unaffected by any of the mutations giving rise to herbicide resistance. Feedback inhibition by L-valine (L-Val), L-leucine (L-Leu) and L-isoleucine (L-Ile) of acetolactate synthase extracted from wild type and mutants fitted a mixed competitive pattern most closely. Ki values for L-Val, L-Leu and L-Ile inhibition were not significantly different from wild type in extracts from csr1-1, csr1-2, and csr1-3. K i values were significantly higher than wild type by two- and five-fold, respectively, for csr1-4 with L-Val and L-Leu but not L-Ile. GM4.8 (csr1-4) plants were also highly resistant in their growth to added L-Val and L-Leu. The data suggest that (i) single mutational changes occurred that affected the binding of herbicides to the acetolactate synthase molecule without influencing the binding of substrates and feedback inhibitors (e.g. csr1-1, csr1-2 and csr1-3) and (ii) bringing two of these single mutations (csr1-1 and csr1-2) together in a double mutant (csr1-4) gave rise to an enzyme with altered characteristics as well as plants with changed growth in response to added L-Val and L-Leu. The implications of these conclusions for genetic transformation using these herbicide-resistant genes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193218
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of four classes of herbicides on growth and acetolactate-synthase activity in several variants of Arabidopsis thaliana (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 188 (1992), S. 491-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acetolactate synthase ; Arabidopsis (mutants) ; Herbicide resistance ; Mutant (herbicide resistance)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have isolated a triazolopyrimidine-resistant mutant csrl-2, of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Here, we compare csrl-2 with the previously isolated mutants csrl and csr1-1, and with wild-type Arabidopsis for responses to members of four classes of herbicides, namely, sulfonylureas, triazolopyrimidines, imidazolinones, and pyrimidyl-oxy-benzoates. Two separable herbicide binding sites have been identified previously on the protein of acetolactate synthase (ALS). Here, the mutation giving rise to csrl, originating in a coding sequence towards the 5′ end of the ALS gene, and that in csrl-2, affected the inhibitory action on growth and ALS activity of sulfonylurea and triazolopyrimidine herbicides but not that of the imidazolinones or pyrimidyl-oxybenzoates. The other mutation, in csrl-1, originating in a coding sequence towards the 3′ end of the ALS gene, affected the inhibitory action of imidazolinones and pyrimidyl-oxy-benzoates but not that of the sulfonylureas or triazolopyrimidines. Additional, stimulatory effects of some of these herbicides on growth of seedlings was unrelated to their effect on their primary target, ALS. The conclusion from these observations is that one of the two previously identified herbicide-binding sites may bind sulfonylureas and triazolopyrimidines while the other may bind imidazolinones and pyrimidyl-oxy-benzoates within a herbicide-binding domain on the ALS enzyme. Such a comparative study using near-isogenic mutants from the same species allows not only the further definition of the domain of herbicide binding on ALS but also could aid investigation of the relationship between herbicide-, substrate-, and allosteric-binding sites on this enzyme. This research was supported by an Operating Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to J.K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197040
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A valine-resistant mutant ofArabidopsis thaliana displays an acetolactate synthase with altered feedback control (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1994), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acetolactate synthase ; Amino acid (branched chain) ; Arabidopsis ; Feedback regulation ; Mutant ; Valine resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A valine-resistant mutant line, VAL-2, ofArabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. was identified by screening M 2 populations of ethylmethane-sulfonate-mutagenized seeds. The resistance was found to be due to a single, dominant, nuclear gene mutation. Assay of acetolactate synthase (ALS) indicated that the valine resistance in this mutant is caused by decreased sensitivity of ALS to the branched-chain amino acids, valine, leucine andisoleucine. A two fold decrease in apparentK m value for pyruvate of the mutant ALS enzyme was detected compared with that of the wild type. The sensitivity of the ALS enzyme to sulfonylurea, imidazolinone and triazolopyrimidine herbicides was not altered in the mutant. At the plant growth level the mutant was also resistant to valine plus leucine, but was sensitive to leucine orisoleucine alone. The mutant gene,var1, maps, or is very closely linked, toCSR1, the gene encoding acetolactate synthase inArabidopsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01089041
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of blackheaded fireworm,Rhopobota naevana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a pest of cranberry (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1163-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Blackheaded fireworm ; Rhopobota naevana (Hubner) ; Rhopobota unipunctana (Haw.) ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl alcohol ; (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Splitless capillary gas chromatography indicated the presence of (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl alcohol in the washes of female abdominal tips of the blackheaded fireworm,Rhopobota naevana (Hubner). Gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy confirmed the presence of tetradecenyl acetate in extracts of female tips. The low levels observed in these extracts (〈 1 ng/female equivalent), prevented further chemical and spectroscopic identification. These materials were found to be stimulatory at low levels in electroantennogram studies. A combination of 9 μg of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and 3 μg of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl alcohol on rubber septa in wing traps provided an effective attractant. (Z)-9-Dodecenyl acetate, a previously reported attractant, did not significantly increase field trapping catches when added to the binary mixture, but was found to enhance trap catches when added to each of the primary components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020546
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone components of the oblique-banded leafroller,Choristoneura rosaceana in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 605-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Oblique-banded leafroller ; Choristoneura rosaceana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; (Z)-11-tetradecenal ; (E)-11-tetradecenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z)-11-Tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol were previously reported as the sex pheromone in New York strains of the oblique-banded leafroller,Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol was tentatively identified in female tip extracts. For Okanagan Valley strains ofC. rosaceana, an additional component, (Z)-11-tetradecenal, was identified from female tip extracts by split-less capillary gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy and was strongly stimulatory in electroantennogram studies. In field tests, 3 mg of 96.5∶2∶1.5 (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (containing approx. 1%E isomer) was not as attractive as female-baited traps, and significant numbers of European leafrollerArchips rosanus L. were attracted. The above blend with 1% (Z)-11-tetradecenal added was significantly more attractive than traps baited with femaleC. rosaceana, butA. rosanus males were still attracted. Increased percentages of (Z)-11-tetradecenal up to 4% caused increased catches ofC. rosaceana and decreased catches ofA. rosanus. Low amounts of (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol and (E)-11-tetradecenal male also contribute to increased specificity of the synthetic pheromone blend toC. rosaceana.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013910
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of the western hemlock looper,Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1009-1019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria ; Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa ; sex pheromone ; 5,11-dimethylheptadecane ; 2,5-dimethylheptadecane ; 7-methylheptadecane ; 5-methylheptadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromone of the western hemlock looper (WHL),Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst), comprises three methylated hydrocarbons: 5,11-dimethylheptadecane (5,11), 2,5-dimethylheptadecane (2,5), and 7-methylheptadecane (7). Compounds extracted from female pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic (GC-EAD) analysis and coupled GC-mass spectroscopy in selected ion monitoring mode. In trapping experiments, (5,11) alone attracted male moths, but addition of either (7) or (2,5) significantly enhanced attraction. (5,11) combined with both (7) and (2,5) was significantly most attractive. (5,11) and (2,5) are also sex pheromone components of the eastern hemlock looper (EHL),Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.). Although (7) is produced by the EHL, it is a pheromone component only in the WHL. It constitutes the first behaviorally active monomethyl-branched hydrocarbon to be found in a geometrid and is a novel lepidopteran sex pheromone component. The different 2- versus 3-component sex pheromone supports taxonomic division of EHL and WHL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992534
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic Sex Pheromone Components of White-Spotted Tussock Moth, Orgyia thyellina (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1091-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; white-spotted tussock moth ; Orgyia thyellina ; (Z)-6-heneicosen-11-one ; (Z)-6-heneicosen-9-one ; (Z)-6,(E)-8-heneicosadien-11-one ; sex pheromone ; synergism ; quarantine insect ; international trade ; eradication ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; microbial insecticide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In 1996, the exotic white-spotted tussock moth (WSTM), Orgyia thyellina (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), was discovered in Auckland, New Zealand. Because establishment of WSTM would threaten New Zealand's orchard industry and international trade, eradication of WSTM with microbial insecticide was initiated. To monitor and complement eradication of WSTM by capture of male moths in pheromone-baited traps, pheromone components of female WSTM needed to be identified. Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection analysis of pheromone gland extract revealed several compounds that elicited responses from male moth antennae. Mass spectra of the two most EAD-active compounds suggested, and comparative GC-MS of authentic standards confirmed, that they were (Z)-6-heneicosen-11-one (Z6–11-one) and (Z)-6-heneicosen-9-one, the latter termed here “thyellinone.” In field experiments in Japan, Z6–11-one plus thyellinone at a 100:5 ratio attracted WSTM males, whereas either ketone alone failed to attract a single male moth. Addition of further candidate pheromone components did not enhance attractiveness of the binary blend. Through the 1997–1998 summer, 45,000 commercial trap lures baited with 2000 μg of Z6–11-one and 100 μg of thyellinone were deployed in Auckland towards eradication of the residual WSTM population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020833909739
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex Pheromone Components of the Apple Leafminer, Lyonetia prunifoliella (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1119-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Lyonetiidae ; Lyonetia prunifoliella ; Perileucoptera coffeella ; Lyonetia clerkella ; Leucoptera malifoliella ; sex pheromone ; synergism ; 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene ; 5,9-dimethyloctadecane ; 5,9-dimethylheptadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three methylated hydrocarbons, 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene (10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy = 5Me9Me-17-ene-18Hy), 5,9-dimethyloctadecane (5Me9Me-18Hy), and 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (5Me9Me-17Hy), are synergistic sex pheromone components of the leafminer Lyonetia prunifoliella. Compounds extracted from female pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), and one compound, 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy, also by coupled GC–mass spectrometry. In field trapping experiments, 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy, 5Me9Me-18Hy, and 5Me9Me-17Hy singly were unattractive to males but in ternary combination attracted numerous male moths. Attractiveness of the three-component blend significantly exceeded that of two-component blends. No attraction of males to pheromone lures without 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy indicates that this compound is essential for pheromone communication of L. prunifoliella. Common C-5 and C-9 methyl branches in lyonetiid pheromone hydrocarbons suggest a common biosynthetic pathway; the presence of 5Me9Me-17Hy and 5Me9Me-18Hy in pheromone blends of L. prunifoliella and Leucoptera malifoliella provides evidence for phylogeny of lyonetiid chemical communication. Determination of the stereoisomeric composition is required to completely describe the pheromone blend of L. prunifoliella and to support the hypothesis of phylogenetically related sex pheromones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006390.43868.3b
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (E)-11,13-tetradecadienal: Major sex pheromone component of the eastern blackheaded budworm,Acleris variana (Fern.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Acleris variana ; sex pheromone ; (E)-11,13-tetradecadienal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (E)-11,13-Tetradecadienal (E11,13–14:Ald) is the major sex pheromone component of the eastern blackheaded budworm (EBB),Acleris variana (Fern.). The compound was identified in female pheromone gland extracts by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), coupled GC-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode, and retention index calculations of candidate pheromone components.E11,13–14:Ald alone as trap bait was very attractive to male EBB. Addition of the corresponding diene alcohol or acetate or both did not enhance attraction. (Z)-11,13-Tetradecadienal in binary combination with (E)-11,13–14:Ald neither enhanced nor reduced trap catches. Increasing the amounts of pheromone from 0.01 to 10 µg increased trap catches, but increase of pheromone quantity above 100 µg proportionately reduced attraction. Stabilization of slowly polymerizingE11,13–14:Ald and development of a sustained, adequate release rate is required for pheromone-based monitoring of EBB populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02065986
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