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  • glutamine synthetase  (2)
  • 2-D CA  (1)
  • 25.70  (1)
  • Springer  (4)
  • American Chemical Society
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  • Springer  (4)
  • American Chemical Society
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two classes of differentially regulated glutamine synthetase genes are expressed in the soybean nodule: a nodule-specific class and a constitutively expressed class (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 22 (1993), S. 971-983 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA sequence ; gene family ; glutamine synthetase ; soybean nodules ; cotyledons ; hybrid-select translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have characterized two sets of cDNA clones representing the glutamine synthetase (GS) mRNA in soybean nodules. Using the 3′-untranslated regions of a representative member of each set, as gene member(s) specific probes, we have shown that one set of the GS genes are expressed in a nodule-specific manner, while the other set is expressed in other tissues, besides the nodules. The nodule-specific GS genes are expressed in a developmentally regulated manner in the nodules, independent of the onset of nitrogen fixation. The other class of GS genes is expressed constitutively in all tissues tested, but its expression level is dramatically enhanced in nodules following onset of N2 fixation. The latter set of genes is also expressed in cotyledons of germinating seedlings in a developmentally regulated manner. Analysis of hybrid select translation products and genomic Southern blots suggests that multiple gene members in each class are expressed in the nodules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028970
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forward-backward multiplicity correlations of pions and protons for different temperature events in heavy-ion interactions (1992)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 342 (1992), S. 191-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A comparison of transverse momentum (P T) distribution of the alpha particles emitted as projectile fragments from12C-emulsion interaction at 4.5 A GeV/c with double Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution yields two temperatures in the projectile fragmentation region, i.e., 10 MeV and 40 MeV with different reaction mechanisms, thereby giving rise to two classes of events. This work presents a detailed study of the multiplicity characteristics for pions and protons emitted in both forward and backward hemispheres in these two classes of events. The results show some interesting features in these two classes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01288468
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A class of two-dimensional cellular automata and their applications in random pattern testing (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 5 (1994), S. 67-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: Built-in self-test ; cellular automata (CA) ; pseudo-random patterns ; 2-D CA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A basic framework to characterize the behavior of two-dimensional (2-D) cellular automata (CA) has been proposed. The performance of the regular structure of the 2-D CA has been evaluated for pseudo-random pattern generation. The potential increase in the local neighborhood structure for 2-D CA has led to better randomness of the generated patterns as compared to LFSR and 1-D CA. The quality of the random patterns generated with 2-D CA based built-in-self-test (BIST) structure has been evaluated by comparing the fault coverage on several benchmark circuits. Also a method of synthesizing 2-D CAs to generate patterns of specified length has been reported. The patterns generated can serve as a very good source of random two-dimensional sequences and also variable length parallel pattern generation having virtually nil correlation among the bit patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00971964
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Down-regulation of specific members of the glutamine synthetase gene family in alfalfa by antisense RNA technology (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 37 (1998), S. 535-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: alfalfa ; antisense ; gene family ; glutamine synthetase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of NH3 with glutamate to produce glutamine. In plants GS is an octameric enzyme and is located either in the cytoplasm (GS1) or in the chloroplast (GS2). Two distinct classes of GS1 genes with unique 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) have been identified in alfalfa. We have demonstrated that the two classes exhibit differential expression pattern in the different plant organs suggesting different functional roles for the different isozymes. To determine the functional significance ofss the two classes of GS1 genes in alfalfa, we have utilized antisense gene constructs aimed specifically at the 3′UTR of the two GS1 genes and introduced them individually into alfalfa. Our data show that the gene constructs are effective in lowering the corresponding transcript level very effectively though there were organ-specific differences in the level of reduction. No transcript corresponding to the antisense gene construct was detected in any of the alfalfa transformants though they accumulated to significant levels in transgenic tobacco containing the same construct. This suggests that the antisense transcript was not stable in the presence of the homologous target sequence. Transgenic alfalfa with up to 80% reduction in the transcript level corresponding to each gene class, however, showed no reduction in GS activity or GS1 polypeptide level. The results suggest that GS1 mRNA levels are not rate-limiting for GS1 polypeptide synthesis and that GS1 levels are controlled both at the transcriptional and translational/post-translational level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006099512706
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