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  • Column liquid chromatography  (184)
  • Scolytidae
  • Springer  (245)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • Springer  (245)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Wheat proteins ; γ-gliadins ; Effect of pH on separation ; Effect of organic modifier on separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Reversed-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography has been used to separate similar protein (γ-gliadin) components from 70% ethanol extracts of endosperm flour from two different accessions of the diploid wheatTriticum monococcum L. The effect of acetonitrile as the organic eluent was compared to acetonitrile: 2-propanol (3:1) at two different pH's. Conditions for maximum resolution of the γ-gliadin components were found to be at pH 7.2 with acetonitrile: 2-propanol (3:1) as the eluent. These conditions allowed the components to be obtained in sufficient purity for further charaterization.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 44 (1997), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Microchromatography ; Raman spectroscopy ; Deuterated solvents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A detector for microchromatography in which Raman spectroscopy is used to identify the eluted species has been developed. The detector is designed to be applicable to a wide range of compounds without requiring the presence of a chromophore. Its use is illustrated in the analysis of nitro compounds on a 250 μm i.d. column. Raman spectra of each of the compounds could be identified as they passed the detector. The advatages of the use of fully deuterated solvents are demonstrated by the analysis of nitrobenzenes in methanol/water mobile phases. The detection limit for nitrobenzene using the Raman line at 1342 cm−1 was 75ng.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 151-156 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Xyleborus ferrugineus ; pupae ; ecdysteroids ; pharate adult ; radioimmunoassay ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Ecdysteroidtiter weiblicher Puppen von Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) wurde geschätzt, indem ganze Tiere homogenisiert und radioimmunologisch untersucht wurden. Ein ausgeprägtes Maximum an Ecdysteroiden wurde bei 36 Stunden Puppenent-wicklung beobachtet (743 pg/mg Körpergewicht). Der Titer nahm ab auf 299 pg/mg im Pharatstadium und auf 193 pg/mg unmittelbar vor Schlüpfen der Adulten. Qualitative Studien mit HPLC ergaben in frischen Puppen ein Verhältnis von 3:1 Ecdyson zu 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Pharatstadien enthielten vor allem 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Das beobachtete einzige Maximum im Titer stimmt überein mit den Resultaten bei andern untersuchten Coleopteren.
    Notes: Abstract Ecdysteroid titers were estimated on the whole body homogenates of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) female pupae during development by radioimmunoassay. A distinct peak of ecdysteroids was observed at 36-hr pupal development (743 pg/mg body wt). Titer declined to 299 pg/mg by the pharate adult stage and to 193 pg/mg body wt just before adult emergence. Qualitative studies by HPLC revealed a ratio of 3:1 ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone in the initial pupal stage. Pharate adults had mainly 20-hydroxyecdysone. The observed single peak in ecdysteroid titer agrees with findings in other studied coleopteran species.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips pini ; Ips integer ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; aggregation pheromone ; lanierone ; ipsdienol ; geographic variation ; synergism ; Enoclerus lecontei ; Cleridae ; kairomone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Lanierone strongly synergized the attraction of male and female Ips pini (Say) to ipsdienol in New York and Wisconsin. Synergy was only weakly significant in Montana and British Columbia and not significant in California. Catches of I. pini in ipsdienol-baited traps were increased 0% ( i.e., nonsignificant) to 9942% by lanierone, with the highest increases in eastern North America. Lanierone had the least effect in California. The effects of lanierone on sex ratios of I. pini in trap catches varied significantly between regions. The addition of lanierone to ipsdienol-baited traps resulted in a general increase in male representation at nine of 12 sites. Ips integer (Eichhoff) was attracted to lanierone alone. Ipsdienol reduced the response of I. integer to lanierone. Enoclerus lecontei (Wolcott) (Cleridae) preferred traps baited with the combination of ipsdienol and lanierone. (R)-(–)-Ipsdienol was attractive to E. sphegeus (F.), Thanasimus undatulus (Say) (Cleridae), and Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Trogositidae), while racemic ipsdienol was attractive to E. nigrifrons var. gerhardi Wolc. and Thanasimus dubius (F.). Lanierone had no effect on these species.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 35 (1993), S. 295-301 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Used column packings ; Particle size distribution ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Column age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Particle size distribution analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out on eight used HPLC columns containing either irregular silica based, spherical silica based or spherical polymer based packing material. Particle size distributions of the used irregular silica based columns were at least bimodat at the outlet ends and either biomodal or log-normal at the inlet ends with regular progressions between the two extremes through the column. A new ODS-3 column showed log-normal size distributions from the inlet to the outlet ends. Spherical silica based column particle size distributions showed distinct shoulders on large central distribution peaks in most column sections with various degrees of shoulder erosion. The spherical resin based column showed a broader inlet particle size distribution progressing to a very narrow outlet distribution. SEMs of both irregular and spherical silica based columns revealed a larger number of undersized particles and debris at the outlet than inlet ends which could have resulted from stationary phase degradation, since this was not seen in the new ODS-3 column. While several SEMs of the spherical silica based columns revealed hollow spheres and twins, the spherical resin based column packing showed stress fractures or wrinkle lines resulting from use or dehydration.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Semiochemicals pheromones ; Dryocoetes affaber ; Dryocoetes confusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; enantiomers ; diastereoisomers ; exo-brevicomin ; endo-brevicomin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical analysis of whole body extracts and volatiles produced by feeding malesDryocoetes affaber (Mann.) disclosed (+)-exo-brevicomin and (+)-endo-brevicomin [(+)EXOB and (+)ENDOB], as the major insect-produced potential pheromones. Laboratory bioassays and field-trapping experiments demonstrated that (+)ENDOB is the main pheromone component, and (-)ENDOB has an inhibiting effect. EXOB either as (+) or (±) appears to be a multifunctional pheromone. It has a synergistic effect in blends of EXOB and ENDOB in ratios up to 1:1, and it is inhibitory at higher ratios. (-)EXOB was inactive. The most attractive blend forD. affaber was a 1:2 blend of (+)EXOB and (+)ENDOB. When this blend was compared with a 9:1 blend, the best known blend forDryocoetes confusus Swaine, the responses by beetles of each of the two species were highly specific, providing evidence for pheromonal exclusion between the two congenerics. We conclude that the combined effect of chirality and the ratio of geometrical isomers of brevicomin determines both the level of response and the species-specificity of the chemical signal inD. affaber.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Semiochemicals ; pheromones ; Dryocoetes confusus ; Dryocoetes affaber ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; enantiomers ; diastereoisomers ; exo-brevicomin ; endo-brevicomin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In a field-trapping experiment, western balsam bark beetles,Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, were highly attracted to a 5∶1 mixture of (±)-exo-and (±)-endo-brevicomin. Beetles in the sympatric speciesD. affaber (Mann.), were best attracted to a 1∶1 blend of these semiochemicals [either (±)∶(±) or (±)∶(±)], suggesting that both geometrical isomers are pheromone components in these species. In laboratory bioassays and further field experiments, attraction ofD. confusus was greatest when the (+) enantiomers of both geometrical isomers of brevicomin were presented in a 9∶1 ratio. Responses by maleD. confusus to attractive mixtures were reduced in the presence of (−)-exo-brevicomin. Exploitation of the complete range of variability in pheromone structure (both geometrical and optical isomerism) would allow for optimization and regulation of response levels within a species and also could maintain reproductive isolation among sympatric congeneric species primarily through production and response to species-specific blends.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pinus ponderosa ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; western pine beetle ; attractant ; pheromone ; behavior ; traps ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Western pine beetles were caught on unbaited sticky traps placed near a source ofexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene. Size of trap, distance and direction from the source of attractant, and height from the ground were varied. Significant differences in trap catch were observed in relation to each of the variables. Traps close to the source of attractant caught more beetles than traps farther from the source. Traps downwind of the source of attractant caught more beetles than did upwind traps. More males than females were trapped close to the source of attractant.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Scolytidae ; bark beetle ; Ips pini ; pheromone ; ipsdienol ; enantiomer ; interruption ; allomone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Air containing volatile compounds from around maleIps pini boring in ponderosa pine logs from California was condensed, fractionated by GC, and assayed in the laboratory and field. The only fraction that showed consistent activity in laboratory assays contained a single compound identified as ipsdienol (2-methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-4-ol). Synthetic racemic ipsdienol showed no activity in either the laboratory or field. However, (−)-ipsdienol, the naturally occurring enantiomer, was attractive toI. pini in the laboratory and field, whereas (+)-ipsdienol interrupted the response ofI. pini to a natural source of attraction in field tests. (−)-Ipsdienol is a major component of the attractant pheromone of this species, since its level of activity in laboratory assays was quantitatively comparable to that of the condensed volatiles, and it was as attractive as maleI. pini boring in ponderosa pine in the field. (+)-Ipsdienol is a component of the pheromone of the competing species,I. paraconfusus.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus ponderosae ; bark beetle ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; myrcene ; aggregation pheromones ; ipsdienol ; myrcenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Male mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, produced ipsdienol [97.0% ± 0.3S-(+)] and myrcenol (90.3% ± 4.0E) when exposed to myrcene vapors. Females which were exposed to myrcene vapors did not produce any ipsdienol, but did produce low levels of myrcenol (98.0% ± 0.7E). Neither sex produced detectable levels of ipsdienol or myrcenol when fed for 24 hr on lodgepole pine,Pinus contorta var.latifolia Engelmann. The sex-specific conversion of myrcene to ipsdienol and myrcenol suggests that these compounds may have behavioral significance within the species. In addition, the S-(+)-ipsdienol produced by maleD. ponderosae probably functions as a repellent allomone againstIps pini (Say).
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