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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 76 (1981), S. 259-260 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In a closed gravitationally-bound Universe we are subject to an inward accelerationa 0. One consequence of this acceleration is that matter will radiate and create a black-body spectrum throughout the Universe. Using the valuea 0=7.623×10−12 ms−2 and a radiation formula from a previously-described cosmological model (Wåhlin, 1981), we obtain a black-body temperature of 2.766 K.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 74 (1981), S. 157-167 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In a closed expanding-contracting Universe, matter will be subject to an inward acceleration large enough to prevent perpetual expansion. A closed Universe must also perform a simple harmonic motion, which might consist either of one single cycle or of an infinite series of oscillations about a central point. It is the purpose of this study to find the rate ofa 0, the cosmic acceleration, from which the gravitational constantG can be determined. It will be shown from Ampère's equation and Planck's radiation law that it is possible to derivea 0=7.623×10−12 ms−2, a value which also conforms with the uncertainty principle. The relationship betweena 0 and electromagnetic radiation is based on the concept that charges (such as electrons) must emit radiation while accelerating. The rate ofa 0 yields a universal gravitational constant ofG=6.645×10−11 N m2 kg−2.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 295-295 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung an endokrin wirksamen Zellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse bei normalen und adipösen Mäusen ergibt eine relative Vergrösserung des Nukleolus der endokrinen Zellen bei den adipösen Tieren, was als morphologisches Zeichen gesteigerter Insulinproduktion angesehen wird.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 44 (1975), S. 253-275 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung des Gallenblasenepithels des Meerschweinchens folgt einem festgesetzten Terminplan: in der 1. Phase (-30. Embryonaltag, ET) steht die Zellvermehrung im Vordergrund. Die Epithelzellen sind noch relativ klein und undifferenziert. In der 2. Phase (-44. ET) beherrscht die Cytodifferenzierung das Bild. Die Zellen strecken sich, ihre Kerne wandern nach basal, die Zellen bekommen ihre endgültige Gliederung, alle Zellorganellen ihr charakteristisches Aussehen. Schwache Enzymaktivitäten machen sich bemerkbar. In der 3. Phase (bis zur Geburt) wird die Funktionsaufnahme vorbereitet. Es bildet sich das typische Enzymmuster aus, das bei der Geburt bereits weitgehend dem erwachsener Tiere entspricht. Glykogen, das zunächst in großer Menge vorhanden ist, ist ab 57. ET nicht mehr nachweisbar. Ultrastrukturell ist vor allem die Entwicklung des Golgi-Apparates und eine erhöhte Sekretbildung auffällig. — Zwischen dem 59. Embryonaltag und 6. Lebenstag treten im Gallenblasenepithel zahlreiche mucoide Zellen in verschiedenen Funktionsstadien auf, die später nur noch selten in der Tiefe von Buchten vorkommen. — Nach der Geburt erfolgt ein verstärktes Höhenwachstum der Epithelzellen und der Abschluß der Enzymentwicklung. Etwa am 10. Lebenstag entspricht das Gallenblasenepithel dem ausgewachsener Tiere.
    Notes: Summary The development of the guinea pig gallbladder epithelium follows a distinct time schedule. During the first phase (up to 30th day of intrauterine life) the epithelial cells increase in number. They remain small and undifferentiated. In the second phase, from the 30th to the 44th day, cytodifferentiation is a dominating feature. The epithelial cells increase in height, the nuclei become more basal, the cells acquire their final zonal structure and the cell organelles exhibit their characteristic appearance. Weak enzyme activities can be observed. In the third phase, from the 45th day until birth, there is functional differentiation and the adult pattern of enzyme distribution is established. Glycogen appears first on day 29, increases in amount and then disappears by day 57. There is a marked development of the Golgi apparatus associated with increased synthesis of secretory material. — Between the 59th embryonic day and the 6th day of life mucoid cells with different functional states appear in the gallbladder epithelium. Later on these cells can be visualized only in the depths of the invaginations. After birth the epithelial cells become more columnar and by 10 days after birth the adult appearance of the epithelium is fully established.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 51 (1977), S. 261-268 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the secretory granules of the male hamster submandibular salivary gland were studied. After fixation in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide the granules exhibit a characteristic bipartite substructure, with an electron lucid crescenteric rim and a more dense central core. A differentiation into two regions of the granules could also be visualized in specimens primarily fixed in Millonig's osmium tetroxide or in potassium permanganate. The electron lucid peripheral portion of the membrane bounded secretory granules further displays a strong positive reaction after staining of ultrathin sections with the periodic acid-chromic acid-(PA-CrA)-silver technique. The strong periodate reactivity of the rim relative to the core, suggests a difference in mucin composition of the two granule regions. With the PA-CrA-silver staining technique a positive reaction was also observed within the Golgi apparatus of the acinar cells.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 51 (1977), S. 133-140 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mouse gallbladder epithelium was studied with light microscopic autoradiography and quantitative electron microscopy during fasting, refeeding and experimental gallstone formation. To determine the intracellular pathway of glycoproteins, H3-galactose was injected at different time intervals into the mice. At 10, 25 and 40 min after an intraperitoneal injection the gallbladders were fixed and prepared for light microscopy. As early as 10 min after injection, label was observed in supranuclear cytoplasmic regions and at 25 min, an increased radioactivity was present throughout the apical cytoplasm. At 40 min, silver grains were mainly present at the cell surface. Autoradiographs processed 25 min after an intraperitoneal H3-galactose injection after fasting for 48 h showed decreased supranuclear and apical radioactivity. After refeeding (12 h) there was an enhanced activity in both these regions. Animals fed a lithogenic diet for one month showed a marked increase of radioactive label mainly in cells of crypts and invaginations of the mouse gallbladder mucosa. Morphometric measurements of the Golgi apparatus revealed that deprivation of food significantly diminished the volume density of the Golgi apparatus. Refeeding the animals restored the volume density values to normal levels. In the course of gallstone formation there was a further significant increase in the volume density of the Golgi complexes as compared to controls.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 53 (1977), S. 107-116 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The autonomic innervation of the mouse gallbladder mucosa was studied using histo-and cytochemical methods. In a light microscopic investigation the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and formaldehyde-induced fluorescence was studied histochemically. Nerve fibres and small varicosities showed concentrations of AChE activity very close to the epithelium in the subepithelial connective tissue. No adrenergic nerves were observed in the mucosa. When using the electron microscope and employing the potassium permanganate fixation/staining technique only one sort of axonal enlargement was encountered, viz. the cholinergic type. These varicosities contained numerous agranular vesicles (500–600 Å in diameter). No varicosities of the adrenergic (dense-cored vesicles) type were observed. Signs of increased secretory activity in the epithelium were observed in the first few minutes after cholinergic stimulation. After repeated in vivo stimulation, there was an almost total depletion of glycoprotein granules, best seen when using the cytochemical PA-CrA-silver technique. The findings suggest that the subepithelial connective tissue and the epithelium of the mouse gallbladder mucosa have a cholinergic innervation.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mucosubstances of the mouse gallbladder epithelial cells were investigated with light and electron microscopic techniques. Based on results obtained with light microscopic histochemical techniques, viz. staining with PAS, Azure A and different Alcian blue methods in combination with various digestion procedures, the mucosubstance could be classified as a so-called GC-mucin according to the nomenclature of Spicer et al. (1965). Applying the electron microscope for a closer study of epithelial cell structure and utilizing among other techniques the PA-CrA-silver staining method for polysaccharides of Rambourg et al. (1969) the mucosubstance was traced to membrane bounded cytoplasmic granules, 0.2–0.3 μ in diameter. The latter proved secretory in nature and their discharge from the cells could be brought about by feeding starved animals with olive oil. The cells also exhibited pinocytotic activity as judged by their uptake of thorotrast particles injected in vivo into the gallbladder.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 45 (1975), S. 177-190 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird die Entwicklung des Gallenblaseneptithels des Meerschweinchens vom 19. Embyonaltag (ET) bis zum 31. Lebenstag (LT) färberisch-lichtmikroskopisch und histochemisch untersucht. Das zunächst mehrreihige Zylinderepithel wird bis zum 31. ET einschichtig. In der Folgezeit werden die Epithelzellen hochprismatisch und die Kerne wandern nach basal. Außerdem entstehen Epithelbuchten. Das Gallenblasenepithel enthält zunächst viel Glykogen, das bis zum 57. ET wieder verschwindet. Ab 30. ET können im Gallenblasenepithel neutrale und carboxylierte Mucosubstanzen nachgewiesen werden. Ab 48. ET treten in der Tiefe der Buchten und ab 51. ET in allen Gallenblasenepthelzellen sulfatierte Mucosubstanzen auf. Ab 58. ET kommen im Gallenblasenepithel „aufgehellte” mucoide Zellen vor, die nach dem 6. LT nur noch in den Buchten zu finden sind. Abgeschlossen ist die Entwicklung des Gallenblasenepithels etwa am 10. LT. — Bei den epithelialen Mucosubstanzen im Gallenblasenepithel des erwachsenen Meerschweinchens handelt es sich um GC-Muzine und S-Muzine A, 1,0 MgCl2.
    Notes: Summary The development of the guinea pig gallbladder epithelium was studied from the 19th day of intrauterine life to the 31st postnatal day by means of histological and histochemical staining reactions. At first, the epithelium is a columnar pseudostratified one. Its transformation into a simple columnar eptihelium is terminated by the 31st day of the intrauterine life. Then the epithelial cells become more columnar and their nuclei acquire a basal position. Somewhat later the epithelium invaginates the underlying mesenchyme. Up to the 57th day the epithelium contains much glycogen. Neutral and carboxylated muscosubstances are demonstrable after the 30th day. From the 48th day onwards sulphated mucosubstances can be visualized in some cells in the depth of the invaginations and from the 51st day in the epithelial cells of the gallbladder. “Light” mucoid cells appear first in the epithelium of day 58. After the 6th postnatal day the “light” cells are rarely seen in the invaginations. The development of the gallbladder epithelium is completed about the 10th postnatal day.—The epithelial mucosubstances of the gallbladder of the adult animal could be classified as GC mucins and S-mucinsA, 1.0 MgCl2.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Shock waves 7 (1997), S. 343-350 
    ISSN: 1432-2153
    Keywords: Key words: Holographic interferometry, Two-reference beam holography, Shock wave focusing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract. Transient shock waves in a confined elliptical chamber are experimentally investigated. Quantitative results of the pressure distribution are obtained for an air-filled cavity. Lower bounding surfaces of different geometrical shapes can be inserted making it possible to get chambers with varying height. An electrical discharge across a pair of electrodes inside the cavity gives rise to the shock waves. Double pulsed holographic interferometry is used to study the propagation and focusing process of the waves. The results are quantitatively evaluated by using the method of two-reference-beam holography. The angular pressure distribution behind the converging wave front is presented for different geometries of an air-filled cavity. The pressure distribution is non-homogeneous but symmetric along the wave front. The pressure level is higher for the geometry where the height of the chamber decreases with the radial distance from the outgoing focus and lower for increasing height of the chamber. In addition, shock waves in a water-filled cavity are studied. In this case qualitative results are obtained.
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