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  • Articles  (12)
  • American Ceramics Society  (12)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (12)
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  • Technology
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  • Articles  (12)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (12)
  • Sociology
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  • Physics  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleation Sites of Calcium Phosphate Crystals during Collagen Mineralization (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The nucleation sites of calcium phosphate crystals during collagen mineralization were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. It was found for the first time that there is another nucleation site, i.e., carbonyl (〉C=O) on collagen, besides the previous reported nucleation site of carboxyl (–COOH). By comparing the IR spectra of collagen not only with collagen/calcium phosphate but also with collagen/Ca2+, it was observed that the peak intensities of amides I, II, and III of collagen decreased significantly after mineralization. The decrease of the amide I peak intensity was mainly due to blockage of the C=O stretch. Furthermore, the peak for amide I gradually shifted to a lower wavenumber during collagen mineralization. This shift indicated that chemical interaction between carboxyl groups and Ca2+ ions formed in the mineralization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03422.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Acid Cleaning and Calcination on Rheological Properties of Concentrated Aqueous Suspensions of Silicon Nitride Powder (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The powder characteristics of two types of Si3N4 (referred to as FD1 and FD2), as well as the rheological properties of their aqueous suspensions, were studied in this paper. There are distinctive differences in size distribution, soluble counterions, and surface groups. Highly concentrated aqueous slurries could not be prepared from these two as-received powders. Acid cleaning and calcination improved the solids loading of their aqueous slurries, but the improvement varied with the powder. For the as-received FD1 powder, poor dispersibility was caused by high-valence counterions, which can be eliminated through acid-cleaning. However, for the as-received FD2 powder, it was the surface group of amine structures and carbon-hydrogen bonding that limited the dispersibility. The calcination of FD2 can remove the amine structure and carbon-hydrogen bonding and improve the slurry's rheological properties almost perfectly. For acid-cleaned and calcined FD1, and calcined FD2, the solids loading of their aqueous suspensions reached 50 vol% with a viscosity below 300 mPa·s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00087.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct-Current Field Dependence of Dielectric Properties in Alumina-Doped Barium Strontium Titanate (2000)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric properties of (Ba0.6Sr0.4)TiO3 and Al2O3-doped (Ba0.6Sr0.4)TiO3 have been characterized. The grain size of the specimen is maximum for (Ba0.6Sr0.4)TiO3 that has been doped with 1 wt% Al2O3. The density and the real part of the relative dielectric constant each decrease as the Al2O3 content increases. The loss factor is minimum for (Ba0.6Sr0.4)TiO3 that has been doped with 2 wt% Al2O3. The dielectric constant of the specimens decreases as the applied dc field increases. The influence of the dc field on the loss factor is much less than that on the dielectric constant. The tunability is ∼24% for (Ba0.6Sr0.4)TiO3 that has been doped with 1 wt% Al2O3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01455.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Simulation of Zener Pinning with Growing Second-Phase Particles (1998)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The Zener pinning effect with growing second-phase particles in Al2O3-ZrO2 composite systems were studied by two-dimensional (2-D) computer simulations using a diffuse-interface field model. In these systems, all second-phase particles are distributed at grain corners and boundaries. The second-phase particles grow continuously, and the motion of grain boundaries of the matrix phase is pinned by the second-phase particles which coarsen through the Ostwald ripening mechanism, i.e., long-range diffusion. It is shown that both matrix grains and second-phase particles grow following the power-growth law, Rtm - R0m = kt with m = 3. It is found that the mean size of the matrix phase (D) depends linearly on the mean size of the second-phase particles (r) for all volume fractions of second phase from 10% to 40%, which agrees well with experimental results. It is shown that D/r is proportional to the volume fraction of the second phase (f) as f−1/2 for a volume fraction less than 30%, which agrees with Hillert and Srolovitz's predictions for 2-D systems, while experimental results from 2-D cross sections of three-dimensional (3-D) Al2O3-rich systems showed that either a f−1/2 or a f−1/3 relation might be possible. It is also found that D/r is not proportional to f−1/3 and f−1 in 2-D simulations, which suggests that the Zener pinning effect can be very different in 2-D and 3-D systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02370.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Spray Angle on the Pore and Crack Microstructure of Plasma-Sprayed Deposits (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To understand the influence of processing parameters on the microstructure of plasma-sprayed deposits, smallangle neutron scattering measurements were made of the processing-parameter-dependent specific surface area of the voids in gray alumina deposits. These studies indicate that the voids are in the form of pores between the splats and around inclusions or unmelted particles, and are also in the form of cracks within the splats which may develop during cooling. The porous volume increases as the angle between the spray gun and the substrate (the “spray angle”) decreases. This study also indicates that the cracks are preferentially oriented, and that the crack orientation also depends on the spray angle. The interlamellar pores, however, are preferentially oriented parallel to the substrate surface, and the orientation of the pore is independent of the spray angle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02890.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct Current-Voltage Failure of Lead-Based Relaxor Ferroelectrics with Silver Doping (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of silver doping on the DC-voltage resistance failure of lead-based relaxor ferroelectrics was investigated via temperature-humidity-bias (THB) testing, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and electrical measurements. The failure rate of silver-doped specimens was found to increase significantly with the doping level during the THB test. However, some degraded specimens can partially recover their electrical properties after a few days of storing in natural conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that silver could be incorporated into the perovskite lattice in the range of silver contents studied. The presence of an inner-bias field in the degraded ceramics was first demonstrated through hysteresis property measurement. Based on these results, it was inferred that the accumulation of oxygen vacancies under DC-voltage should be responsible for the inner-bias field, which consequently resulted in the increase of electronic defects in the ceramics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03572.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical Properties and London Dispersion Forces of Amorphous Silica Determined by Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Precise and accurate knowledge of the optical properties of amorphous silica is important because of the increasing application of SiO2 in optical and electrooptical devices, including photolithography masks for semiconductor fabrication, recently as a potential 157 nm mask substrate. The optical properties in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region have been investigated, because they convey detailed information on the electronic structure and interatomic bonding of the material. In this work, we have combined spectroscopic ellipsometry and VUV spectroscopy to directly determine the optical functions of SiO2 in this range, thereby reducing the uncertainty in the low-energy extrapolation of the data, essential for Kramers–Kronig analysis of VUV reflectance. We report the complex optical properties of SiO2, over the range of 1.5 to 42 eV, showing improved agreement with theory when contrasted with earlier results. In addition to the features previously reported at 10.4, 11.6, 14.03, and 17.10 eV, new interband transitions have been observed at 21.3 eV along with O 2s transitions at 32 eV. We found the bulk plasma peak to be 23.7 eV in the energy loss function spectrum. Based on the magnitude of these new results, the Hamaker constant for SiO2|Vacuum|SiO2 is 71.6 zJ, which is larger than the previously reported value of 66 zJ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03577.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of Electroplating-Induced Degradation of PMZNT Relaxor Ferroelectrics (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Resistance degradation of lead magnesium niobate-based (PMZNT) ceramics during nickel electroplating was investigated using resistivity measurement and auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis. It was found that the resistivity of the ceramics remained nearly unchanged at the initial stage of the electroplating, and, as electroplating time increased, the resistivity decreased rapidly. An AES depth profile analysis of a degraded specimen showed oxygen content in the surface to be lower than the theoretical value, and the relationship of oxygen content and detection depth was obtained. The results indicated that Pb2+ and Nb5+ were reduced to lower valence states and oxygen in the lattice was lost, thereby leading to a generation of oxygen vacancies. Hence, the conductivity of the dielectrics was enhanced. The results also indicated that only the outermost surface had suffered the reducing effect induced by hydrogen generated during nickel electroplating, whereas the bulk material remained impervious.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00114.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure–Property Correlations in Industrial Thermal Barrier Coatings (2004)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the results from multidisciplinary characterization/scattering techniques used for the quantitative characterization of industrial thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems used in advanced gas turbines. While past requirements for TBCs primarily addressed the function of insulation/life extension of the metallic components, new demands necessitate a requirement for spallation resistance/strain tolerance, i.e., prime reliance, on the part of the TBC. In an extensive effort to incorporate these TBCs, a design-of-experiment approach was undertaken to develop tailored coating properties by processing under varied conditions. Efforts focusing on achieving durable/high-performance coatings led to dense vertically cracked (DVC) TBCs, exhibiting quasi-columnar microstructures approximating electron-beam physical-vapor-deposited (EB-PVD) coatings. Quantitative representation of the microstructural features in these vastly different coatings is obtained, in terms of porosity, opening dimensions, orientation, morphologies, and pore size distribution, by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) studies. Such comprehensive characterization, coupled with elastic modulus and thermal conductivity measurements of the coatings, help establish relationships between microstructure and properties in a systematic manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07725.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrothermal Synthesis of Tetragonal Barium Titanate from Barium Hydroxide and Titanium Dioxide under Moderate Conditions (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tetragonal BaTiO3 powders were prepared hydrothermally, using Ba(OH)2·8H2O and TiO2 (anatase), in the absence of anions such as chloride ions, at a temperature of 220°C for several days. Characterization via X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that increasing the Ba:Ti molar ratios (from 1:1 to 4:1) and alkaline concentrations (from 1.0M to 3.0M) promotes the formation of tetragonal BaTiO3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02235.x
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