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  • 1
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    Elimination of current dissipation in high transition temperature superconductors (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-19
    Description: The relaxation of the shielding current-induced magnetic moment in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) thin films, which were grown in situ, is studied as a function of temperature. Although typical relaxations cause a large amount of decay in the magnetic shielding current (on the order of 10 to 20 percent for the first 1000 seconds), it is shown that this is not necessarily a serious problem for applications such as magnets operating in persistent-current modes. This is because the decay of the magnetic shielding current depends sensitively on how far away the operating current density is from the critical current density J(c). By using a quenching process the shielding current is reduced slightly below J(c) and the relaxation is dramatically reduced. A general relation between the relaxation rate at J(c) and the reduction of the relaxation rate upon lowering of the operating current is obtained and is shown to be consistent with experimental data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, J Z -- Lairson, B -- Eom, C B -- Bravman, J -- Geballe, T H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):307-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17735848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Mercury-Based Cuprate High-Transition Temperature Grain-Boundary Junctions and SQUIDs Operating Above 110 Kelvin (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-08-19
    Description: The superconducting transport characteristics of HgBa(2) CaCu(2)O(6+delta) (Hg-1212) films and grain-boundary junctions grown on (100)-oriented SrTiO(3) bicrystal substrates have been investigated. The films exhibit a zero-resistance temperature of approximately 120 kelvin and sustain large critical current densities, with values as high as 10(6) amperes per square centimeter at around 100 kelvin. On the other hand, the grain boundaries behave as weak links, with substantially lower critical currents, as is observed for other cuprate superconductors. A reduction of three orders of magnitude in critical current was observed for transport across a 36.8 degrees grain boundary. The current-voltage characteristics of bridges across such a grain boundary show weak-link behavior qualitatively resembling that of a resistively shunted junction. Single-level direct-current superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) have been fabricated with such bicrystal junctions. These SQUIDs show clear periodic voltage modulations when subjected to applied magnetic fields. The SQUIDs operate at temperatures as high as 111.8 kelvin, which makes them attractive for operation in portable sensors and devices that utilize nonconventional cooling methods.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gupta, A -- Sun, J Z -- Tsuei, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 19;265(5175):1075-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17832899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Understanding the asymmetrical thermoelectric performance for discovering promising thermoelectric materials (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Thermoelectric modules, consisting of multiple pairs of n- and p-type legs, enable converting heat into electricity and vice versa. However, the thermoelectric performance is often asymmetrical, in that one type outperforms the other. In this paper, we identified the relationship between the asymmetrical thermoelectric performance and the weighted mobility ratio, a correlation that can help predict the thermoelectric performance of unreported materials. Here, a reasonably high 〈i〉ZT〈/i〉 for the n-type ZrCoBi-based half-Heuslers is first predicted and then experimentally verified. A high peak 〈i〉ZT〈/i〉 of ~1 at 973 K can be realized by ZrCo〈sub〉0.9〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉0.1〈/sub〉Bi〈sub〉0.85〈/sub〉Sb〈sub〉0.15〈/sub〉. The measured heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency for the unicouple of ZrCoBi-based materials can be as high as ~10% at the cold-side temperature of ~303 K and at the hot-side temperature of ~983 K. Our work demonstrates that the ZrCoBi-based half-Heuslers are highly promising for the application of mid- and high-temperature thermoelectric power generation.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Triterpenoids manipulate a broad range of virus-host fusion via wrapping the HR2 domain prevalent in viral envelopes (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉A trimer-of-hairpins motif has been identified in triggering virus-cell fusion within a variety of viral envelopes. Chemically manipulating such a motif represents current repertoire of viral fusion inhibitors. Here, we report that triterpenoids, a class of natural products, antagonize this trimer-of-hairpins via its constitutive heptad repeat-2 (HR2), a prevalent α-helical coil in class I viral fusion proteins. Triterpenoids inhibit the entry of Ebola, Marburg, HIV, and influenza A viruses with distinct structure-activity relationships. Specifically, triterpenoid probes capture the viral envelope via photocrosslinking HR2. Profiling the Ebola HR2-triterpenoid interactions using amino acid substitution, surface plasmon resonance, and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed six residues accessible to triterpenoids, leading to wrapping of the hydrophobic helix and blocking of the HR1-HR2 interaction critical in the trimer-of-hairpins formation. This finding was also observed in the envelopes of HIV and influenza A viruses and might potentially extend to a broader variety of viruses, providing a mechanistic insight into triterpenoid-mediated modulation of viral fusion.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Triterpenoids manipulate a broad range of virus-host fusion via wrapping the HR2 domain prevalent in viral envelopes (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-22
    Description: A trimer-of-hairpins motif has been identified in triggering virus-cell fusion within a variety of viral envelopes. Chemically manipulating such a motif represents current repertoire of viral fusion inhibitors. Here, we report that triterpenoids, a class of natural products, antagonize this trimer-of-hairpins via its constitutive heptad repeat-2 (HR2), a prevalent α-helical coil in class I viral fusion proteins. Triterpenoids inhibit the entry of Ebola, Marburg, HIV, and influenza A viruses with distinct structure-activity relationships. Specifically, triterpenoid probes capture the viral envelope via photocrosslinking HR2. Profiling the Ebola HR2-triterpenoid interactions using amino acid substitution, surface plasmon resonance, and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed six residues accessible to triterpenoids, leading to wrapping of the hydrophobic helix and blocking of the HR1-HR2 interaction critical in the trimer-of-hairpins formation. This finding was also observed in the envelopes of HIV and influenza A viruses and might potentially extend to a broader variety of viruses, providing a mechanistic insight into triterpenoid-mediated modulation of viral fusion.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Unusual high thermal conductivity in boron arsenide bulk crystals (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Description: Conventional theory predicts that ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity can only occur in crystals composed of strongly bonded light elements, and that it is limited by anharmonic three-phonon processes. We report experimental evidence that departs from these long-held criteria. We measured a local room-temperature thermal conductivity exceeding 1000 watts per meter-kelvin and an average bulk value reaching 900 watts per meter-kelvin in bulk boron arsenide (BAs) crystals, where boron and arsenic are light and heavy elements, respectively. The high values are consistent with a proposal for phonon-band engineering and can only be explained by higher-order phonon processes. These findings yield insight into the physics of heat conduction in solids and show BAs to be the only known semiconductor with ultrahigh thermal conductivity.
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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