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  • 1
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    The outcome of acute hepatitis C predicted by the evolution of the viral quasispecies (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-15
    Description: The mechanisms by which hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces chronic infection in the vast majority of infected individuals are unknown. Sequences within the HCV E1 and E2 envelope genes were analyzed during the acute phase of hepatitis C in 12 patients with different clinical outcomes. Acute resolving hepatitis was associated with relative evolutionary stasis of the heterogeneous viral population (quasispecies), whereas progressing hepatitis correlated with genetic evolution of HCV. Consistent with the hypothesis of selective pressure by the host immune system, the sequence changes occurred almost exclusively within the hypervariable region 1 of the E2 gene and were temporally correlated with antibody seroconversion. These data indicate that the evolutionary dynamics of the HCV quasispecies during the acute phase of hepatitis C predict whether the infection will resolve or become chronic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farci, P -- Shimoda, A -- Coiana, A -- Diaz, G -- Peddis, G -- Melpolder, J C -- Strazzera, A -- Chien, D Y -- Munoz, S J -- Balestrieri, A -- Purcell, R H -- Alter, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 14;288(5464):339-44.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy. farcip@pacs.unica.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral ; Disease Progression ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Variation ; Hepacivirus/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Hepatitis C/immunology/*virology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies/biosynthesis ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology/*virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Prospective Studies ; Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/immunology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-21
    Description: A specific assay has been developed for a blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) virus in which a polypeptide synthesized in recombinant yeast clones of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is used to capture circulating viral antibodies. HCV antibodies were detected in six of seven human sera that were shown previously to transmit NANBH to chimpanzees. Assays of ten blood transfusions in the United States that resulted in chronic NANBH revealed that there was at least one positive blood donor in nine of these cases and that all ten recipients seroconverted during their illnesses. About 80 percent of chronic, post-transfusion NANBH (PT-NANBH) patients from Italy and Japan had circulating HCV antibody; a much lower frequency (15 percent) was observed in acute, resolving infections. In addition, 58 percent of NANBH patients from the United States with no identifiable source of parenteral exposure to the virus were also positive for HCV antibody. These data indicate that HCV is a major cause of NANBH throughout the world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuo, G -- Choo, Q L -- Alter, H J -- Gitnick, G L -- Redeker, A G -- Purcell, R H -- Miyamura, T -- Dienstag, J L -- Alter, M J -- Stevens, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 21;244(4902):362-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2496467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; Hepatitis C/*immunology/transmission ; Hepatitis Viruses/*immunology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/*immunology ; Humans ; Italy ; Japan ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Lack of protective immunity against reinfection with hepatitis C virus (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-02
    Description: Some individuals infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) experience multiple episodes of acute hepatitis. It is unclear whether these episodes are due to reinfection with HCV or to reactivation of the original virus infection. Markers of viral replication and host immunity were studied in five chimpanzees sequentially inoculated over a period of 3 years with different HCV strains of proven infectivity. Each rechallenge of a convalescent chimpanzee with the same or a different HCV strain resulted in the reappearance of viremia, which was due to infection with the subsequent challenge virus. The evidence indicates that HCV infection does not elicit protective immunity against reinfection with homologous or heterologous strains, which raises concerns for the development of effective vaccines against HCV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farci, P -- Alter, H J -- Govindarajan, S -- Wong, D C -- Engle, R -- Lesniewski, R R -- Mushahwar, I K -- Desai, S M -- Miller, R H -- Ogata, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):135-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hepatitis Viruses Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1279801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Hepacivirus/physiology ; Hepatitis Antibodies/biosynthesis ; Hepatitis C/*immunology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; Humans ; Immunity, Active ; Longitudinal Studies ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Homology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Failure to confirm XMRV/MLVs in the blood of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a multi-laboratory study (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: Murine leukemia viruses (MLVs), including xenotropic-MLV-related virus (XMRV), have been controversially linked to chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). To explore this issue in greater depth, we compiled coded replicate samples of blood from 15 subjects previously reported to be XMRV/MLV-positive (14 with CFS) and from 15 healthy donors previously determined to be negative for the viruses. These samples were distributed in a blinded fashion to nine laboratories, which performed assays designed to detect XMRV/MLV nucleic acid, virus replication, and antibody. Only two laboratories reported evidence of XMRV/MLVs; however, replicate sample results showed disagreement, and reactivity was similar among CFS subjects and negative controls. These results indicate that current assays do not reproducibly detect XMRV/MLV in blood samples and that blood donor screening is not warranted.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3299483/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3299483/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, Graham -- Glynn, Simone A -- Komaroff, Anthony L -- Mikovits, Judy A -- Tobler, Leslie H -- Hackett, John Jr -- Tang, Ning -- Switzer, William M -- Heneine, Walid -- Hewlett, Indira K -- Zhao, Jiangqin -- Lo, Shyh-Ching -- Alter, Harvey J -- Linnen, Jeffrey M -- Gao, Kui -- Coffin, John M -- Kearney, Mary F -- Ruscetti, Francis W -- Pfost, Max A -- Bethel, James -- Kleinman, Steven -- Holmberg, Jerry A -- Busch, Michael P -- Blood XMRV Scientific Research Working Group (SRWG) -- N01 HB-57181/HB/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01HB57181/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):814-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1213841. Epub 2011 Sep 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Blood Systems Research Institute and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Blood/*virology ; Blood Specimen Collection ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; False Positive Reactions ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/*virology ; Female ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retroviridae Infections/virology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viremia ; Virus Replication ; Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus/genetics/immunology/*isolation & ; purification/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Non-A, non-B hepatitis: ultrastructural evidence for two agents in experimentally infected chimpanzees (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-07-13
    Description: Two different ultrastructural alterations were observed in liver cells of chimpanzees inoculated with plasma derived from two different patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. During the acute phase of illness in one group of four chimpanzees, peculiar tubular structures, composed of two unit membranes with electron-opaque material in between, were observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. In contrast, these structures were never detected in the liver cells of the second group of five chimpanzees that received the second inoculum, However, nuclear changes, usually associated with aggregates of 20- to 27-nanometer particles, were found in hepatocytes of the latter animals. Although these particles resembled viruses, they were not as uniform as small virus particles often appear. In five other chimpanzees inoculated with non-A, non-B hepatitis material not known to be related to the first two inocula, cytoplasmic structures were found in four, and nuclear structures were found in the remaining one. Thus, all 14 chimpanzees inoculated with transmissible non-A, non-B hepatitis agents could be classified as having either nuclear or cytoplasmic changes. These observations add support to epidemiologic data suggesting that there may be more than one agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimizu, Y K -- Feinstone, S M -- Purcell, R H -- Alter, H J -- London, W T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 13;205(4402):197-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Cytoplasm/ultrastructure ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/*microbiology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/*microbiology ; Inclusion Bodies, Viral/ultrastructure ; Liver/microbiology/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pan troglodytes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Transmission of HTLV-III infection from human plasma to chimpanzees: an animal model for AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: Two of three chimpanzees given plasma from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or pre-AIDS showed serum antibodies to type III human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-III) 10 to 12 weeks after transfusion. One animal also developed lymphadenopathy, transient depression of the ratio of T4 to T8 lymphocytes, and impaired blastogenic responses. No opportunistic infections occurred. Adenopathy persisted for 32 weeks, and antibody to HTLV-III persisted for at least 48 weeks. This transmission of HTLV-III by lymphocyte-poor plasma confirms the potential risk of such plasma or plasma derivatives to recipients. The susceptibility of the chimpanzee to HTLV-III infection and the ability to simulate the human lymphadenopathy syndrome in this animal makes it a valuable model for further study of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alter, H J -- Eichberg, J W -- Masur, H -- Saxinger, W C -- Gallo, R -- Macher, A M -- Lane, H C -- Fauci, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6093251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/pathology/*transmission ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; *Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; *Pan troglodytes/microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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