ALBERT

Description: 〈p〉Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) containing only one metal center may represent the lower size limit for molecule-based magnetic information storage materials. Their current drawback is that all SMMs require liquid-helium cooling to show magnetic memory effects. We now report a chemical strategy to access the dysprosium metallocene cation [(Cp〈i〉〈sup〉i〈/sup〉〈/i〉〈sup〉Pr5〈/sup〉)Dy(Cp*)]〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 (Cp〈i〉〈sup〉i〈/sup〉〈/i〉〈sup〉Pr5〈/sup〉, penta-iso-propylcyclopentadienyl; Cp〈b〉*,〈/b〉 pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), which displays magnetic hysteresis above liquid-nitrogen temperatures. An effective energy barrier to reversal of the magnetization of 〈i〉U〈/i〉〈sub〉eff〈/sub〉 = 1541 wave number is also measured. The magnetic blocking temperature of 〈i〉T〈/i〉〈sub〉B〈/sub〉 = 80 kelvin for this cation overcomes an essential barrier toward the development of nanomagnet devices that function at practical temperatures.〈/p〉

Description: Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) containing only one metal center may represent the lower size limit for molecule-based magnetic information storage materials. Their current drawback is that all SMMs require liquid-helium cooling to show magnetic memory effects. We now report a chemical strategy to access the dysprosium metallocene cation [(Cp i Pr5 )Dy(Cp*)] + (Cp i Pr5 , penta-iso-propylcyclopentadienyl; Cp *, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), which displays magnetic hysteresis above liquid-nitrogen temperatures. An effective energy barrier to reversal of the magnetization of U eff = 1541 wave number is also measured. The magnetic blocking temperature of T B = 80 kelvin for this cation overcomes an essential barrier toward the development of nanomagnet devices that function at practical temperatures.

Description: The duration of a woman's reproductive period is determined by the size and persistence of a dormant oocyte pool. Specific oocyte genes are essential for follicle maintenance and female fertility. The mechanisms that regulate the expression of these genes are poorly understood. We found that a cullin-ring finger ligase-4 (CRL4) complex was crucial in this process. Oocyte-specific deletion of the CRL4 linker protein DDB1 or its substrate adaptor VPRBP (also known as DCAF1) caused rapid oocyte loss, premature ovarian insufficiency, and silencing of fertility maintaining genes. CRL4(VPRBP) activates the TET methylcytosine dioxygenases, which are involved in female germ cell development and zygote genome reprogramming. Hence, CRL4(VPRBP) ubiquitin ligase is a guardian of female reproductive life in germ cells and a maternal reprogramming factor after fertilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Chao -- Zhang, Yin-Li -- Pan, Wei-Wei -- Li, Xiao-Meng -- Wang, Zhong-Wei -- Ge, Zhao-Jia -- Zhou, Jian-Jie -- Cang, Yong -- Tong, Chao -- Sun, Qing-Yuan -- Fan, Heng-Yu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1518-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1244587.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈p〉Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) containing only one metal center may represent the lower size limit for molecule-based magnetic information storage materials. Their current drawback is that all SMMs require liquid-helium cooling to show magnetic memory effects. We now report a chemical strategy to access the dysprosium metallocene cation [(Cp〈i〉〈sup〉i〈/sup〉〈/i〉〈sup〉Pr5〈/sup〉)Dy(Cp*)]〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 (Cp〈i〉〈sup〉i〈/sup〉〈/i〉〈sup〉Pr5〈/sup〉 = penta-iso-propylcyclopentadienyl, Cp〈b〉*〈/b〉 = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), which displays magnetic hysteresis above liquid-nitrogen temperatures. An effective energy barrier to reversal of the magnetization of 〈i〉U〈/i〉〈sub〉eff〈/sub〉 = 1,541 cm〈sup〉–1〈/sup〉 is also measured. The magnetic blocking temperature of 〈i〉T〈/i〉〈sub〉B〈/sub〉 = 80 K for this cation overcomes an essential barrier towards the development of nanomagnet devices that function at practical temperatures.〈/p〉

Description: Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was formed ~7500 years ago by hybridization between B. rapa and B. oleracea, followed by chromosome doubling, a process known as allopolyploidy. Together with more ancient polyploidizations, this conferred an aggregate 72x genome multiplication since the origin of angiosperms and high gene content. We examined the B. napus genome and the consequences of its recent duplication. The constituent An and Cn subgenomes are engaged in subtle structural, functional, and epigenetic cross-talk, with abundant homeologous exchanges. Incipient gene loss and expression divergence have begun. Selection in B. napus oilseed types has accelerated the loss of glucosinolate genes, while preserving expansion of oil biosynthesis genes. These processes provide insights into allopolyploid evolution and its relationship with crop domestication and improvement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chalhoub, Boulos -- Denoeud, France -- Liu, Shengyi -- Parkin, Isobel A P -- Tang, Haibao -- Wang, Xiyin -- Chiquet, Julien -- Belcram, Harry -- Tong, Chaobo -- Samans, Birgit -- Correa, Margot -- Da Silva, Corinne -- Just, Jeremy -- Falentin, Cyril -- Koh, Chu Shin -- Le Clainche, Isabelle -- Bernard, Maria -- Bento, Pascal -- Noel, Benjamin -- Labadie, Karine -- Alberti, Adriana -- Charles, Mathieu -- Arnaud, Dominique -- Guo, Hui -- Daviaud, Christian -- Alamery, Salman -- Jabbari, Kamel -- Zhao, Meixia -- Edger, Patrick P -- Chelaifa, Houda -- Tack, David -- Lassalle, Gilles -- Mestiri, Imen -- Schnel, Nicolas -- Le Paslier, Marie-Christine -- Fan, Guangyi -- Renault, Victor -- Bayer, Philippe E -- Golicz, Agnieszka A -- Manoli, Sahana -- Lee, Tae-Ho -- Thi, Vinh Ha Dinh -- Chalabi, Smahane -- Hu, Qiong -- Fan, Chuchuan -- Tollenaere, Reece -- Lu, Yunhai -- Battail, Christophe -- Shen, Jinxiong -- Sidebottom, Christine H D -- Wang, Xinfa -- Canaguier, Aurelie -- Chauveau, Aurelie -- Berard, Aurelie -- Deniot, Gwenaelle -- Guan, Mei -- Liu, Zhongsong -- Sun, Fengming -- Lim, Yong Pyo -- Lyons, Eric -- Town, Christopher D -- Bancroft, Ian -- Wang, Xiaowu -- Meng, Jinling -- Ma, Jianxin -- Pires, J Chris -- King, Graham J -- Brunel, Dominique -- Delourme, Regine -- Renard, Michel -- Aury, Jean-Marc -- Adams, Keith L -- Batley, Jacqueline -- Snowdon, Rod J -- Tost, Jorg -- Edwards, David -- Zhou, Yongming -- Hua, Wei -- Sharpe, Andrew G -- Paterson, Andrew H -- Guan, Chunyun -- Wincker, Patrick -- BB/E017363/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 22;345(6199):950-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1253435. Epub 2014 Aug 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/Universite d'Evry Val d'Essone, Unite de Recherche en Genomique Vegetale, UMR1165, Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. chalhoub@evry.inra.fr. ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Genomique (IG), Genoscope, BP5706, 91057 Evry, France. Universite d'Evry Val d'Essone, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. ; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China. ; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. chalhoub@evry.inra.fr. ; J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China. ; Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Center of Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China. ; Laboratoire de Mathematiques et Modelisation d'Evry-UMR 8071 CNRS/Universite d'Evry val d'Essonne-USC INRA, Evry, France. ; Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/Universite d'Evry Val d'Essone, Unite de Recherche en Genomique Vegetale, UMR1165, Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. ; Department of Plant Breeding, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany. ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Genomique (IG), Genoscope, BP5706, 91057 Evry, France. ; INRA, Institut de Genetique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP) UMR1349, BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France. ; National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. ; INRA, Etude du Polymorphisme des Genomes Vegetaux, US1279, Centre National de Genotypage, CEA-IG, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. ; Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. ; Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de Genotypage, CEA-IG, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France. ; Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. ; Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/Universite d'Evry Val d'Essone, Unite de Recherche en Genomique Vegetale, UMR1165, Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Koln, Germany. ; Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, WSLR Building B018, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. ; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. ; Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. ; Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, 27 rue Juliette Dodu, 75010 Paris, France. ; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. ; College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. ; Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon-305764, South Korea. ; School of Plant Sciences, iPlant Collaborative, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. ; J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK. ; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. ; Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. ; Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia. ; Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia. chalhoub@evry.inra.fr. ; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. chalhoub@evry.inra.fr. ; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China. chalhoub@evry.inra.fr. ; National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. chalhoub@evry.inra.fr. ; Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. chalhoub@evry.inra.fr. ; College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. chalhoub@evry.inra.fr. ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Genomique (IG), Genoscope, BP5706, 91057 Evry, France. Universite d'Evry Val d'Essone, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. chalhoub@evry.inra.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25146293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Dissimilarities in perception elicited by stimulation with two electrodes were estimated. A two-dimensional spatial configuration was found to be suitable to represent the dissimilarity data, and the two dimensions could be interpreted as corresponding to the position of the apical and basal electrode of the two-electrode combination. A speech-processing strategy that converts acoustic, first and second formants to two-electrode stimulation is proposed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tong, Y C -- Dowell, R C -- Blamey, P J -- Clark, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):993-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈p〉Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles. Through a large-scale in vivo RNA interference (RNAi) screen that covered around a quarter of the 〈i〉Drosophila melanogaster〈/i〉 genes (4000 genes), we identified 578 genes whose knockdown led to aberrant shapes or distributions of mitochondria. The complex analysis revealed that knockdown of the subunits of proteasomes, spliceosomes, and the electron transport chain complexes could severely affect mitochondrial morphology. The loss of 〈i〉Dhpr〈/i〉, a gene encoding an enzyme catalyzing tetrahydrobiopterin regeneration, leads to a reduction in the numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons, shorter lifespan, and gradual loss of muscle integrity and climbing ability. The affected mitochondria in 〈i〉Dhpr〈/i〉 mutants are swollen and have fewer cristae, probably due to lower levels of Drp1 S-nitrosylation. Overexpression of Drp1, but not of S-nitrosylation–defective Drp1, rescued 〈i〉Dhpr〈/i〉 RNAi-induced mitochondrial defects. We propose that Dhpr regulates mitochondrial morphology and tissue homeostasis by modulating S-nitrosylation of Drp1.〈/p〉