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  • 1
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    Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: We provide evidence of large-scale changes in the biogeography of calanoid copepod crustaceans in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and European shelf seas. We demonstrate that strong biogeographical shifts in all copepod assemblages have occurred with a northward extension of more than 10 degrees latitude of warm-water species associated with a decrease in the number of colder-water species. These biogeographical shifts are in agreement with recent changes in the spatial distribution and phenology detected for many taxonomic groups in terrestrial European ecosystems and are related to both the increasing trend in Northern Hemisphere temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaugrand, Gregory -- Reid, Philip C -- Ibanez, Frederic -- Lindley, J Alistair -- Edwards, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1692-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate ; *Crustacea ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Principal Component Analysis ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; *Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in abundance, vertical distribution and ontogenetic migrations of Thysanoessa longicaudata (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 69 (1982), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The vertical distribution, seasonal and ontogenetic migrations and seasonal variability in abundance of Thysanoessa longicaudata (Krøyer) were investigated using the Longhurst-Hardy Plankton Recorder for a 4 yr period (March, 1971 to May, 1975) at Ocean Weather Station “I” (59°00′N; 19°00′W) in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. Of 8 species of euphausiids identified at this position, the vast majority were T. longicaudata (for example, 99.5% of the total euphausiids in 1972 belonged to this species). From March to October the majority of calyptopes, furciliae and adults of T. longicaudata were found in the upper 100 m. The major spawning occurred in spring at a water temperature of 9° to 10°C and calyptopes and furciliae appeared in late April, reaching their maximum abundance in May. There was no evidence of large-scale diurnal migrations, although an extensive ontogenetic migration of young developmental stages was observed. The eggs were found from 100 m down to 800 m, the maximum depth of sampling, and the vertical distribution of the three naupliar stages showed a “developmental ascent” as they matured. During the main reproductive period in May, over 70% of all nauplii were below 500 m while more than 94% of Calyptopis Stage I were above 500 m with their maximum abundance in the euphotic zone (0 to 50 m). Calyptopis Stage I is the first feeding stage and it is this stage which shows the largest ontogenetic migration. Brief descriptions of the egg and nauplii are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397497
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous plankton records: Geographical variations in numerical abundance, biomass and production of euphausiids in the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 71 (1982), S. 7-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Geographical variations in the numbers, biomass and production of euphausiids and the contribution of common species to the total are described from samples taken during 1966 and 1967 in the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea by the Continuous Plankton Recorder at 10 m depth. Euphausiids were most abundant in the central and western North Atlantic Ocean and the Norwegian Sea. Thysanoessa longicaudata (Krøyer) was numerically dominant. Biomass was greatest in the Norwegian Sea and the north-eastern North Sea where Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars) accounted for 81 and 59%, respectively, of the total biomass. Production was highest off Nova Scotia and in Iberian coastal waters; the dominant species were T. raschi (M. Sars) in the former area and Nyctiphanes couchi (Bell) in the latter. The mean P:B ratios were correlated with temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396986
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plankton of the fladen ground during FLEX 76 I. Spring development of the plankton community (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 57 (1980), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Results from plankton sampling in the northern North Sea with the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) and the Undulating Oceanographic Recorder (UOR) during the Fladen Ground Experiment in 1976 (FLEX 76) are summarised. The first evidence of the spring outbreak of phytoplankton was on 19 April, the day after the first signs of vertical stability of the water column were observed. This was followed by spawning of the euphausiid Thysanoessa inermis and rapid increase in the numbers of Calanus finmarchicus. C. finmarchicus was the most abundant species over the FLEX period (19 March to 3 June) and, together with T. inermis, accounted for over 80% of the dry weight of the zooplankton standing stock. By early June the standing crop of phytoplankton had been depleted and nutrients levels were reduced to very low concentrations in the upper 50 m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387372
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of euphausiids (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 66 (1982), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal changes in abundance, size and aspects of the population structure of Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars) and Nyctiphanes couchi (Bell) are described from samples taken with the “Continuous Plankton Recorder” at 10 m depth over a 2 yr period (1966 and 1967) in the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. M. norvegica lived for a maximum of just over 2 yr, and adults of both year-classes spawned during a limited breeding season in the spring or summer. N. couchi spawned over a prolonged breeding season, giving rise to a complex of cohorts with overlapping size ranges. It was concluded that 3 or 4 cohorts were spawned in each year and that the maximum life span was probably greater than 1 yr, although maturity may be attained in less than a year. Estimated annual production at 10 m depth for M. norvegica ranged from 0.80 to 18.74 mg m-3yr-1 and for N. couchi from 0.67 to 8.23 mg m-3yr-1. P:B ratios ranged from 1.3:1 to 6.3:1 for M. norvegica and 4.0:1 to 5.5:1 for N. couchi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397252
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in dry weight and vertical distributions of decapod larvae in the Irish Sea and North Sea during the spring (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 120 (1994), S. 385-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Decapod larvae and early post-larvae were extracted from detailed vertically stratified samples taken during research cruises in the Irish Sea from April to early June 1988 and in the North Sea in June 1989. The total dry weight of decapods was 4 to 106 mg m-2 which represented 0.5 to 8.6% of the total dry weight of zooplankton. The vertical distributions of abundant species were examined in relation to physical and biological variables.Nephrops norvegicus andPagurus bernhardus were found nearer to the surface during the spring bloom in April than after the bloom in May. In the near-surface waters of the North Sea in June, larvae ofLiocarcinus spp. were more abundant than those of other decapods. Diel migrations varied, apparently due to differences in the physical structure of the water column and the distribution of potential food. Conventional migrations were modified or absent in stratified areas when near-surface concentrations of chlorophyll were present and in well-mixed water. Few significant ontogenetic variations were found. The most striking case was ofLiocarcinus spp. larvae during the day in stratified water in the North Sea, where the early zoeal stages (at a mean depth of 〈6 m), the fifth zoeae (15.5 m mean) and the megalopas (26.7 m mean) occupied different positions in the water column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00680212
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of overwintering calanoid copepod eggs in sea-bed sediments around southern Britain (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 104 (1990), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eggs of the calanoid copepodsLabidocera wollastoni (Lubbock) andCentropages hamatus (Lilljeborg) and others, which could not be reliably assigned to species, were identified from sediment samples taken during three cruises in December 1984, January 1986, and February 1987 in the southern North Sea, the English Channel, the Irish Sea and the Celtic Sea. Eggs were most abundant in sediment samples taken between 20 and 80 m depth, with bottom stress less than 10 dyn cm−2, and near to the positions of tidal fronts. It is suggested that sedimentation, resuspension and sediment transport contribute to the causes of these distributions, which have been found to be consistent with the distributions of species which are known to produce diapause eggs as an overwintering strategy. Nauplii ofL. wollastoni, C. hamatus, C. typicus (Krøyer)Temora longicornis (Müller) andAcartia sp. hatched from incubated sediment samples. The last noted hatchings ofL. wollastoni, Centropages spp. andT. longicornis all occurred more than 1 yr after the start of the incubation experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313260
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological investigations with the undulating oceanographic recorder: The hydrography and plankton of the waters adjacent to the Orkney and Shetland Islands (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 39 (1976), S. 77-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the results of a survey of the North Sea and north Atlantic waters adjacent to the Orkney and Shetland Islands, from 23 May to 9 June, 1973, using simultaneous tows of the prototype Undulating Oceanographic Recorder (UOR) and the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR). The UOR sampled plankton and measured salinity and temperature over its undulation profile from 5 to 65 m in depth. The CPR sampled plankton at a fixed depth of 10 m. Three principal water masses were identified, each with a characteristic plankton community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395597
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of euphausiids (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 71 (1982), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal changes in the abundance, size and occurrence of furciliae of Euphausia krohni (Brandt), Nematoscelis megalops (G. O. Sars) and Thysanoessa gregaria G. O. Sars are described from samples taken at 10 m depth with the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) over a period of 2 yr (January 1966 to December 1967) in the North Atlantic Ocean. E. krohni and T. gregaria were found to breed through most of the year but N. megalops bred only in spring and summer. Annual mean biomass was calculated directly from the data and production was estimated from published P:B ratios. The seasonal occurrences of E. brevis Hansen, E. hemigibba Hansen, E. mutica Hansen, E. tenera Hansen, Stylocheiron longicorne G. O. Sars, S. maximum Hansen, Thysanopoda acutifrons Holt and Tattershall and T. aequalis Hansen in the samples are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396985
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of euphausiids. I. Thysanoessa longicaudata in the North Atlantic Ocean (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 46 (1978), S. 121-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Adults and furciliae of Thysanoessa longicaudata (Krøyer) taken in continuous plankton records (CPR) in 1966 and 1967 were examined and measured. The measurements were converted to biomass using a length/weight equation, and net production values were calculated from these data. Two generations were spawned annually in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and only one in the colder western waters and in the Norwegian Sea. The timing of reproduction in the spring was correlated with the mean sea-surface temperature. The highest annual production values (up to 12.24 mg dry weight m-3 year-1) were recorded in the eastern areas, where the ratio between production and biomass was usually between 4:1 and 8:1 compared with ratios usually between 2:1 and 3:1 in the western waters. The values for daily production per individual ranged from 3.34 μg dry weight day-1 to 17.54 μg day-1. Mortality in the early stages of development was calculated as about 98.2% of the eggs produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391527
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