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  • Mice  (3)
  • Cell Line  (2)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (4)
  • 1
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    Insulin resistance and a diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice lacking the protein kinase Akt2 (PKB beta) (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-02
    Description: Glucose homeostasis depends on insulin responsiveness in target tissues, most importantly, muscle and liver. The critical initial steps in insulin action include phosphorylation of scaffolding proteins and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. These early events lead to activation of the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt, also known as protein kinase B. We show that mice deficient in Akt2 are impaired in the ability of insulin to lower blood glucose because of defects in the action of the hormone on liver and skeletal muscle. These data establish Akt2 as an essential gene in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, H -- Mu, J -- Kim, J K -- Thorvaldsen, J L -- Chu, Q -- Crenshaw, E B 3rd -- Kaestner, K H -- Bartolomei, M S -- Shulman, G I -- Birnbaum, M J -- GM07229/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 19525/PHS HHS/ -- P30 DK50306/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK040936/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK56886/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1728-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Deoxyglucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose Clamp Technique ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/administration & dosage/blood/*metabolism ; *Insulin Resistance/genetics/physiology ; Islets of Langerhans/cytology/physiology ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology/metabolism ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Signal transduction. Sweet conundrum (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birnbaum, Morris J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 7;319(5868):1348-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1155915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. birnbaum@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase/genetics/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver/*metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; *Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The PP2A-associated protein alpha4 is an essential inhibitor of apoptosis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: Despite evidence that protein kinases are regulators of apoptosis, a specific role for phosphatases in regulating cell survival has not been established. Here we show that alpha4, a noncatalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is required to repress apoptosis in murine cells. alpha4 is a nonredundant regulator of the dephosphorylation of the transcription factors c-Jun and p53. As a result of alpha4 deletion, multiple proapoptotic genes were transcribed. Either inhibition of new protein synthesis or Bcl-xL overexpression suppressed apoptosis initiated by alpha4 deletion. Thus, mammalian cell viability depends on repression of transcription-initiated apoptosis mediated by a component of PP2A.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kong, Mei -- Fox, Casey J -- Mu, James -- Solt, Laura -- Xu, Anne -- Cinalli, Ryan M -- Birnbaum, Morris J -- Lindsten, Tullia -- Thompson, Craig B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):695-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/cytology ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Liver/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; PPAR gamma/metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Phosphatase 2 ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; bcl-X Protein
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Transformation of rat fibroblasts by FSV rapidly increases glucose transporter gene transcription (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-20
    Description: Elevation of glucose transport is an alteration common to most virally induced tumors. Rat fibroblasts transformed with wild-type or a temperature-sensitive Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV) were studied in order to determine the mechanisms underlying the increased transport. Five- to tenfold increases in total cellular glucose transporter protein in response to transformation were accompanied by similar increases in transporter messenger RNA levels. This, in turn, was preceded by an absolute increase in the rate of glucose transporter gene transcription within 30 minutes after shift of the temperature-sensitive FSV-transformed cells to the permissive temperature. The transporter messenger RNA levels in transformed fibroblasts were higher than those found in proliferating cells maintained at the nonpermissive temperature. The activation of transporter gene transcription by transformation represents one of the earliest known effects of oncogenesis on the expression of a gene encoding a protein of well-defined function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birnbaum, M J -- Haspel, H C -- Rosen, O M -- AM35430-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 35158/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 20;235(4795):1495-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3029870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avian Sarcoma Viruses ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Kinetics ; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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