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  • 1
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    The CLIVAR C20C Project: Which components of the Asian-Australian monsoon circulation variations are forced and reproducible? (2010)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: A multi-model set of atmospheric simulations forced by historical sea surface temperature (SST) or SSTs plus Greenhouse gases and aerosol forcing agents for the period of 1950–1999 is studied to identify and understand which components of the Asian–Australian monsoon (A–AM) variability are forced and reproducible. The analysis focuses on the summertime monsoon circulations, comparing model results against the observations. The priority of different components of the A–AM circulations in terms of reproducibility is evaluated. Among the subsystems of the wide A–AM, the South Asian monsoon and the Australian monsoon circulations are better reproduced than the others, indicating they are forced and well modeled. The primary driving mechanism comes from the tropical Pacific. The western North Pacific monsoon circulation is also forced and well modeled except with a slightly lower reproducibility due to its delayed response to the eastern tropical Pacific forcing. The simultaneous driving comes from the western Pacific surrounding the maritime continent region. The Indian monsoon circulation has a moderate reproducibility, partly due to its weakened connection to June–July–August SSTs in the equatorial eastern Pacific in recent decades. Among the A–AM subsystems, the East Asian summer monsoon has the lowest reproducibility and is poorly modeled. This is mainly due to the failure of specifying historical SST in capturing the zonal land-sea thermal contrast change across the East Asia. The prescribed tropical Indian Ocean SST changes partly reproduce the meridional wind change over East Asia in several models. For all the A–AM subsystem circulation indices, generally the MME is always the best except for the Indian monsoon and East Asian monsoon circulation indices.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1051-1068
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: CLIVAR C20C ; Asian-Australian monsoon circulation ; AGCM ; Reproducibility ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ab initio study of methane activation on lanthanide oxide (1997)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 49 (1997), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ab initio MP2 calculations have been carried out to study the activation of methane on lanthanide oxide La2O3. O- and O2 2- are assumed to be the active species on the oxide surface. The possible roles of O2- and O2 4- on the oxide surface in C-H bond activation are also investigated. It is shown that the CH4 oxidative dehydrogenation occurs much more readily on O- and O2 2- than on O2- and O2 4-. The results indicate that O- and O2 2- are the active species and therefore support the O- and O2 2- mechanisms assumed for the reactions. The promoter compound containing Br- is found to be favorable for the methane activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019040902099
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microstructure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe100-xSix alloys (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 75.50.Bb;85.42.+m;81.20.Ev
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Nanocrystalline Fe100-xSix (x≤25) alloys have been prepared by mechanical alloying. The crystallite size of the nanocrystalline FeSi alloys is about ten to fifteen nm. The individual crystallite separated by disordered grain boundaries has the structure of b.c.c. α-Fe. The Mössbauer patterns show that substitution of Si atoms for Fe ones is almost disordered in the nanocrystalline FeSi alloys. The saturation magnetization of the nanocrystalline FeSi alloys is slightly less than that of single-crystalline and polycrystalline FeSi alloys, whereas their coercive force and effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant are higher than those of the corresponding single-crystalline and polycrystalline FeSi alloys. The much higher coercive force and higher effective anisotropy of the nanocrystalline FeSi alloys may be related to the high strain in the grain boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical activity of dislocations: Prospects for practical utilization (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 81.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electrical activity of interfacial misfit dislocations in silicon has been examined using the electron beam induced current technique (EBIC) in a scanning electron microscope. “Clean” misfit dislocations, i.e. no EBIC contrast, formed during high-temperature Si(Ge) chemical vapor epitaxy were studied. These defects were subsequently decorated with known metallic impurities (Au and Ni) by diffusion at 400° C to 1130° C from a back-side evaporated layer. Qualitative analysis of the electrical activity in relation to the energy levels anticipated for the clean or decorated dislocations is presented. Of particular interest is the case of defect-induced conductivity type inversion which occurred both at the top surface and at the buried dislocated interfaces of the multilayer. The prospects for using dislocations in a beneficial manner as active elements in electronic devices are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324249
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of a transverse vorticity probe in a turbulent channel flow (1998)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 24 (1998), S. 510-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The performance of a four hot-wire transverse vorticity probe is tested by comparing measurements in a fully developed turbulent channel flow with corresponding data obtained from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the same flow. In the inner region, the probe performs poorly, the rms vorticities being consistently smaller than the DNS values. In the outer region of the flow, there is reasonable agreement between measured and DNS vorticity statistics, especially after correcting the measurements for the effect of spatial resolution. In this region, the imbalance indicated by the vorticity form of the streamwise momentum equation is approximately constant. The magnitude of the imbalance can be reduced to an acceptable level of accuracy by considering sources of error which affect the velocity–vorticity correlations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050200
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of LDA temporal and spatial velocity structure functions in a low Reynolds number turbulent channel flow (1999)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 27 (1999), S. 368-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Measurements have been made using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) in a fully developed turbulent channel flow with the aim of determining second-order and third-order temporal and spatial structure functions of the longitudinal velocity fluctuation. A reliable determination of these moments requires the data to be corrected for the effect of noise. Correction procedures are outlined, based on the behaviour of temporal or spatial correlation functions in the limit of small time intervals or small separations. No a priori assumptions about the nature of the noise are made so that the procedure should be quite general. The corrected LDA data indicate that, especially for spatial separations, the effect of noise can be felt even within the inertial range. The corrected structure functions should allow an unambiguous assessment to be made of Taylor’s hypothesis and of the extended self-similarity (ESS) method; examples are given in each case. Temporal structure functions obtained by hot wire anemometry (HWA) are much less affected by noise than the LDA data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050361
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport equations for the mean energy and temperature dissipation rates in grid turbulence (2000)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 28 (2000), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Simultaneous measurements of velocity and temperature fluctuations were made in the turbulent flow downstream of a grid-heated screen combination. The magnitudes of n and m, the power-law exponents for the decay of turbulent energy and temperature variances, are nearly equal. This approximate equality is in conformity with the locations of the peaks in the three-dimensional turbulent energy and temperature spectra. The values of n and m are consistent with the isotropic forms of the transport equations for the mean turbulent energy and temperature variance. They are also consistent, allowing for the measurement accuracy, with the isotropic forms of the equations for the mean turbulent energy and temperature dissipation rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050018
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calibration of a temperature dissipation probe in decaying grid turbulence (2000)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 28 (2000), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A four cold-wire probe, which allows all three components of the temperature dissipation rate ɛ θ to be measured, is “calibrated” in decaying grid turbulence, where 〈ɛ θ 〉, the mean value of ɛ θ , can be determined accurately from the decay of the temperature variance 〈θ 2〉. The probe yields values of the three components of 〈ɛ θ 〉 which are in reasonable agreement with local isotropy, in the range x 1/M?50. The pdfs and spectra of the three temperature derivatives also satisfy local isotropy reasonably well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050006
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of trace chromium(VI) in water by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry after preconcentration on a soluble membrane filter (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 519-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  A new method for the concentration and determination of 〈0.1 μg/L of Cr(VI) in water by GFAAS is described. It is based on the formation of a chromium(VI)-salicylfluorone (SAF)-tetradecylpyridinium(TDP) ternary complex, the collection of the complex on a soluble membrane filter and the detection of the solution obtained after dissolving the membrane and analyte in a proper solvent. The ternary complex [Cr(VI)-SAF-TDP=1:2:2] is collected on a 0.45 μm nitrocellulose filter. This is dissolved in a small volume of sulphuric acid and the chromium is determined by GFAAS under the optimized conditions. Good linearity is observed over the range 0.010–0.150 μg Cr(VI) in 5.0 mL. The detection limit (three times the standard deviation of the blank) is 0.04 μg/L with 50-fold preconcentration. No interference from ions normally present in water was observed. The method has been applied to the concentration and determination of Cr(VI) in water samples from several sources and the recoveries of added Cr(VI) were 91–101%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050458
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of idarubicin in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 368 (2000), S. 844-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A simple, reliable and reproducible method, based on capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection, has been developed for the determination of idarubicin in human urine. A carbon disk electrode was used as working electrode. The optimal conditions of separation and detection were pH 5.6 phosphate buffer ¶(0.20 mol/L), 22 kV for the separation voltage and 1.00 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3 mol/L KCl) for the detection potential. The linear range was from 4.0 × 10–7 to 2.0 × 10–5 mol/L with a regression coefficient of 0.9986, and the detection limit was 8.0 × 10–8 mol/L. The method was directly applied to the determination of idarubicin in spiked human urine without any other sample pretreatment except filtration, and the assay results were satisfactory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000571
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