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  • Biotechnology
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (20)
  • Frontiers Media SA  (1)
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  • 1
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    Enzymes from Extreme Environments (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Enzymes are nature’s biocatalysts empowered with high catalytic power and remarkable substrate specificity. Enzymes perform a wide range of functions throughout nature, and guide the biochemistry of life with great precision. The majority of enzymes perform under conditions considered normal for mesophilic, neutrophilic, terrestrial microorganisms. However, the Earth’s biosphere contains several regions that are extreme in comparison, such as hypersaline lakes and pools, hydrothermal vents, cold oceans, dry deserts and areas exposed to intensive radiation. These areas are inhabited by a large number of extremophilic microorganisms which produce enzymes capable of functioning in unusual conditions. There is an increasing biotechnological and industrial demand for enzymes stable and functioning in harsh conditions, and over the past decade screening for, isolation and production of enzymes with unique and extreme properties has become one of the foremost areas of biotechnology research. The development of advanced molecular biology tools has facilitated the quest for production of enzymes with optimized and extreme features. These tools include large-scale screening for potential genes using metagenomics, engineering of enzymes using computational techniques and site-directed mutagenesis and molecular evolution techniques. The goal of this Research Topic is to present reports on latest advances in enzymes from all types of extreme environments. Contributions dealing with isolation of enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms or directly from natural environments, screening for and expression of enzymes with extreme properties using metagenomic approaches are welcome. In addition, contributions dealing with all forms of biocatalyst production and improvement are welcome, such as fermentation technology, protein engineering, directed evolution, rational design, and immobilization techniques.
    Keywords: TP248.13-248.65 ; TA1-2040 ; Biotechnology ; Biocatalysis ; alkaliphile ; psychrophile ; extremophile ; Extremozyme ; halophile ; industrial enzymes ; thermophile ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Health innovation networks to help developing countries address neglected diseases (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-16
    Description: Gross inequities in disease burden between developed and developing countries are now the subject of intense global attention. Public and private donors have marshaled resources and created organizational structures to accelerate the development of new health products and to procure and distribute drugs and vaccines for the poor. Despite these encouraging efforts directed primarily from and funded by industrialized countries, sufficiency and sustainability remain enormous challenges because of the sheer magnitude of the problem. Here we highlight a complementary and increasingly important means to improve health equity: the growing ability of some developing countries to undertake health innovation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morel, Carlos M -- Acharya, Tara -- Broun, Denis -- Dangi, Ajit -- Elias, Christopher -- Ganguly, N K -- Gardner, Charles A -- Gupta, R K -- Haycock, Jane -- Heher, Anthony D -- Hotez, Peter J -- Kettler, Hannah E -- Keusch, Gerald T -- Krattiger, Anatole F -- Kreutz, Fernando T -- Lall, Sanjaya -- Lee, Keun -- Mahoney, Richard -- Martinez-Palomo, Adolfo -- Mashelkar, R A -- Matlin, Stephen A -- Mzimba, Mandi -- Oehler, Joachim -- Ridley, Robert G -- Senanayake, Pramilla -- Singer, Peter -- Yun, Mikyung -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):401-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Technological Development in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil. morel@fiocruz.br〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Biotechnology ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; Developed Countries ; *Developing Countries ; *Diffusion of Innovation ; Drug Industry ; Health Policy ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Patents as Topic ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Publishing ; Technology Transfer
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Arabidopsis thaliana: a model plant for genome analysis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-23
    Description: Arabidopsis thaliana is a small plant in the mustard family that has become the model system of choice for research in plant biology. Significant advances in understanding plant growth and development have been made by focusing on the molecular genetics of this simple angiosperm. The 120-megabase genome of Arabidopsis is organized into five chromosomes and contains an estimated 20,000 genes. More than 30 megabases of annotated genomic sequence has already been deposited in GenBank by a consortium of laboratories in Europe, Japan, and the United States. The entire genome is scheduled to be sequenced by the end of the year 2000. Reaching this milestone should enhance the value of Arabidopsis as a model for plant biology and the analysis of complex organisms in general.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meinke, D W -- Cherry, J M -- Dean, C -- Rounsley, S D -- Koornneef, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):662, 679-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9784120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/physiology ; Biotechnology ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Databases, Factual ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; International Cooperation ; Mutagenesis ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Radically rethinking agriculture for the 21st century (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-13
    Description: Population growth, arable land and fresh water limits, and climate change have profound implications for the ability of agriculture to meet this century's demands for food, feed, fiber, and fuel while reducing the environmental impact of their production. Success depends on the acceptance and use of contemporary molecular techniques, as well as the increasing development of farming systems that use saline water and integrate nutrient flows.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3137512/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3137512/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fedoroff, N V -- Battisti, D S -- Beachy, R N -- Cooper, P J M -- Fischhoff, D A -- Hodges, C N -- Knauf, V C -- Lobell, D -- Mazur, B J -- Molden, D -- Reynolds, M P -- Ronald, P C -- Rosegrant, M W -- Sanchez, P A -- Vonshak, A -- Zhu, J-K -- R01 GM059138/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059138-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070795/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070795-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):833-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1186834.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Office of the Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary of State and to the Administrator of USAID, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, USA. fedoroff@state.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/legislation & jurisprudence/methods/*trends ; Aquaculture/methods/trends ; Biotechnology ; Climate Change ; *Crops, Agricultural ; Food, Genetically Modified ; Government Regulation ; Population Growth ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Realizing the potential of the genome revolution: the genomes to life program (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: The systems biology revolution is proceeding along multiple pathways as different science agencies and the private sector have adopted strategies suited to their particular needs and cultures. To meet this challenge, the U.S. Department of Energy has developed the Genomes to Life (GTL) program. A central focus of GTL is environmental microbial biology as a way to approach global environmental problems, and its key goal is to achieve, over the next 10 to 20 years, a basic understanding of thousands of microbes and microbial systems in their native environments. This focus demands that we address huge gaps in knowledge, technology, computing, data storage and manipulation, and systems-level integration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frazier, Marvin E -- Johnson, Gary M -- Thomassen, David G -- Oliver, Carl E -- Patrinos, Aristides -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):290-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, SC-70, Germantown Building, 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20585-1290, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Climate ; *Computational Biology ; Energy-Generating Resources ; Environment ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Environmental Pollution ; Federal Government ; *Genetics, Microbial ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genome, Fungal ; *Genomics ; Government Agencies ; Models, Biological ; Proteome/analysis ; Proteomics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Global food security: challenges and policies (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: Global food security will remain a worldwide concern for the next 50 years and beyond. Recently, crop yield has fallen in many areas because of declining investments in research and infrastructure, as well as increasing water scarcity. Climate change and HIV/AIDS are also crucial factors affecting food security in many regions. Although agroecological approaches offer some promise for improving yields, food security in developing countries could be substantially improved by increased investment and policy reforms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosegrant, Mark W -- Cline, Sarah A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1917-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA. m.rosegrant@cgiar.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; *Agriculture ; Biotechnology ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Developing Countries ; Ecosystem ; Education ; *Food ; *Food Supply ; Global Health ; Humans ; Poverty ; *Public Policy ; Research ; Rural Population ; Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    To improve nutrition for the world's population (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guerinot, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 16;288(5473):1966-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10877713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Biotechnology ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; *Food Supply ; Genetic Engineering ; *Global Health ; Humans ; *Nutritional Status ; Nutritive Value ; Oryza/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Scientific misconduct. Researcher rebuked for 20-year-old misdeed (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagmann, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2249-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10636777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; California ; *Human Growth Hormone ; Internationality ; Patents as Topic ; *Publishing ; *Scientific Misconduct ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Preliminary data touch off genetic food fight (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1094-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotechnology ; Crops, Agricultural/*adverse effects ; Digestive System/pathology ; Food Technology ; Great Britain ; *Growth ; *Immunity ; Infection/pathology ; Lectins/genetics ; Plant Lectins ; Plants, Genetically Modified/*adverse effects ; Rats ; Solanum tuberosum/adverse effects/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Transgenic food debate. The Lancet scolded over Pusztai paper (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):656.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotechnology ; Crops, Agricultural/*adverse effects/genetics ; Diet ; Genetic Engineering ; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology ; Lectins/genetics ; *Mannose-Binding Lectins ; *Peer Review, Research ; *Periodicals as Topic ; Plant Lectins ; Plants, Genetically Modified/*adverse effects ; Publishing ; Rats ; Solanum tuberosum/adverse effects/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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