ALBERT

Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Lombard, F., Boss, E., Waite, A. M., Vogt, M., Uitz, J., Stemmann, L., Sosik, H. M., Schulz, J., Romagnan, J., Picheral, M., Pearlman, J., Ohman, M. D., Niehoff, B., Moeller, K. M., Miloslavich, P., Lara-Lpez, A., Kudela, R., Lopes, R. M., Kiko, R., Karp-Boss, L., Jaffe, J. S., Iversen, M. H., Frisson, J., Fennel, K., Hauss, H., Guidi, L., Gorsky, G., Giering, S. L. C., Gaube, P., Gallager, S., Dubelaar, G., Cowen, R. K., Carlotti, F., Briseno-Avena, C., Berline, L., Benoit-Bird, K., Bax, N., Batten, S., Ayata, S. D., Artigas, L. F., & Appeltans, W. Globally consistent quantitative observations of planktonic ecosystems. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, (2019):196, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00196.

Description: In this paper we review the technologies available to make globally quantitative observations of particles in general—and plankton in particular—in the world oceans, and for sizes varying from sub-microns to centimeters. Some of these technologies have been available for years while others have only recently emerged. Use of these technologies is critical to improve understanding of the processes that control abundances, distributions and composition of plankton, provide data necessary to constrain and improve ecosystem and biogeochemical models, and forecast changes in marine ecosystems in light of climate change. In this paper we begin by providing the motivation for plankton observations, quantification and diversity qualification on a global scale. We then expand on the state-of-the-art, detailing a variety of relevant and (mostly) mature technologies and measurements, including bulk measurements of plankton, pigment composition, uses of genomic, optical and acoustical methods as well as analysis using particle counters, flow cytometers and quantitative imaging devices. We follow by highlighting the requirements necessary for a plankton observing system, the approach to achieve it and associated challenges. We conclude with ranked action-item recommendations for the next 10 years to move toward our vision of a holistic ocean-wide plankton observing system. Particularly, we suggest to begin with a demonstration project on a GO-SHIP line and/or a long-term observation site and expand from there, ensuring that issues associated with methods, observation tools, data analysis, quality assessment and curation are addressed early in the implementation. Global coordination is key for the success of this vision and will bring new insights on processes associated with nutrient regeneration, ocean production, fisheries and carbon sequestration.

Description: Much of this manuscript flows from discussions of the authors with the members of SCOR working groups 150 (TOMCAT) and 154 (P-OBS) as well as discussions with the greater community in various GOOS workshops. We also thank Mike Sieracki, Cabell Davis, Daniele Iudicone, Eric Karsenti, Sebastien Colin, Colomban de Vargas, Ulf Riebesell, Fabrice Not, David Checkley, George Jackson, Cédric Guigand, Ed Urban, Frank Muller-Karger, Sanae Chiba and Daniel Dunn, who contributed to the initial abstracts to OceanObs'19. FL is supported by the Institut Universitaire de France. EB is supported by the NASA biology and biogeochemistry program. RKi and HH were supported by the German Science Foundation through the Collaborative Research Center 754 ‘Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean’. SDA acknowledges the CNRS for her sabbatical year as visiting researcher at ISYEB on the use of genomics and next generation sequencing for plankton studies. HS acknowledges support from the Simons Foundation, the U.S. National Science Foundation, and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region. FL and EB contribution was also inspired by their years of work within the Tara Expeditions initiative.

Description: A complementary DNA (cDNA) for ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L3 was cloned from human B cells. The cDNA encodes a protein of 230 amino acids with a molecular mass of 26.182 daltons. The human protein is very similar to the bovine homolog, with only three amino acids differing in over 100 residues compared. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA was 54% identical to that of the neuron-specific protein PGP 9.5. Purification of bovine PGP 9.5 confirmed that it is also a ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase. These results suggest that a family of such related proteins exists and that their expression is tissue-specific.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilkinson, K D -- Lee, K M -- Deshpande, S -- Duerksen-Hughes, P -- Boss, J M -- Pohl, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):670-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2530630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Agulhas rings provide the principal route for ocean waters to circulate from the Indo-Pacific to the Atlantic basin. Their influence on global ocean circulation is well known, but their role in plankton transport is largely unexplored. We show that, although the coarse taxonomic structure of plankton communities is continuous across the Agulhas choke point, South Atlantic plankton diversity is altered compared with Indian Ocean source populations. Modeling and in situ sampling of a young Agulhas ring indicate that strong vertical mixing drives complex nitrogen cycling, shaping community metabolism and biogeochemical signatures as the ring and associated plankton transit westward. The peculiar local environment inside Agulhas rings may provide a selective mechanism contributing to the limited dispersal of Indian Ocean plankton populations into the Atlantic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villar, Emilie -- Farrant, Gregory K -- Follows, Michael -- Garczarek, Laurence -- Speich, Sabrina -- Audic, Stephane -- Bittner, Lucie -- Blanke, Bruno -- Brum, Jennifer R -- Brunet, Christophe -- Casotti, Raffaella -- Chase, Alison -- Dolan, John R -- d'Ortenzio, Fabrizio -- Gattuso, Jean-Pierre -- Grima, Nicolas -- Guidi, Lionel -- Hill, Christopher N -- Jahn, Oliver -- Jamet, Jean-Louis -- Le Goff, Herve -- Lepoivre, Cyrille -- Malviya, Shruti -- Pelletier, Eric -- Romagnan, Jean-Baptiste -- Roux, Simon -- Santini, Sebastien -- Scalco, Eleonora -- Schwenck, Sarah M -- Tanaka, Atsuko -- Testor, Pierre -- Vannier, Thomas -- Vincent, Flora -- Zingone, Adriana -- Dimier, Celine -- Picheral, Marc -- Searson, Sarah -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Tara Oceans Coordinators -- Acinas, Silvia G -- Bork, Peer -- Boss, Emmanuel -- de Vargas, Colomban -- Gorsky, Gabriel -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Pesant, Stephane -- Sullivan, Matthew B -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- Wincker, Patrick -- Karsenti, Eric -- Bowler, Chris -- Not, Fabrice -- Hingamp, Pascal -- Iudicone, Daniele -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):1261447. doi: 10.1126/science.1261447.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France. villar@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr not@sb-roscoff.fr hingamp@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr iudicone@szn.it karsenti@embl.de cbowler@biologie.ens.fr. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC, Universite Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. ; Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans (LPO) UMR 6523 CNRS-Ifremer-IRD-UBO, Plouzane, France. Department of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD) UMR 8539, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC, Universite Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. ; Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans (LPO) UMR 6523 CNRS-Ifremer-IRD-UBO, Plouzane, France. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. ; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA. ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Universite Paris 06, Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. INSU-CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. ; Universite de Toulon, Laboratoire PROTEE-EBMA E.A. 3819, BP 20132, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7159, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie et du Climat LOCEAN, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. ; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Genomique, Genoscope, 2 Rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbruck-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany. ; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. villar@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr not@sb-roscoff.fr hingamp@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr iudicone@szn.it karsenti@embl.de cbowler@biologie.ens.fr. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. villar@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr not@sb-roscoff.fr hingamp@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr iudicone@szn.it karsenti@embl.de cbowler@biologie.ens.fr. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC, Universite Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. villar@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr not@sb-roscoff.fr hingamp@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr iudicone@szn.it karsenti@embl.de cbowler@biologie.ens.fr. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. villar@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr not@sb-roscoff.fr hingamp@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr iudicone@szn.it karsenti@embl.de cbowler@biologie.ens.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉