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  • Articles  (13)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering  (13)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (13)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Institute of Physics
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (13)
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  • Articles  (13)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (13)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Institute of Physics
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Use of Particle Image Velocimetry to Study Roping in Pneumatic ConveyancePresented at the 4th European Symposium Particle Characterization, Nürnberg 19.-21 April 1989. (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 6 (1989), S. 129-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a new technique which provides an instantaneous velocity profile of a flow field. A PIV system at Edinburgh University has been adapted to study the phenomenon of roping in a pneumatic particle conveyance rig. The principle features of this PIV system are as follows. Double images of the particles transported by the fluid are recorded on photographic film using a conventional camera. The displacement of the particle pairs, which determines the velocity at a particular point, is determined to an automatic analysis system. PIV is proving to be a powerful method in the investigation of roping. A rope is a high density ribbon of particles which is created when a uniform air-coal flow segregates at a pipe bend into two regimes: one has a low coal to air ratio whereas the second regime, termed the rope, has a high coal to air ratio. This particular problem is connected with the pulverised fuel (pf) pipes of coal-fired electricity generating stations. The flow, as seen on Figure 1, is reproduced in a 26 mm scale model encompassing the main aerodynamic features of pf pipes. The rope forms in the vertical to horizontal 90° bend, falls from the top to the bottom of the horizontal pipe and creats a deposit.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19890060122
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Relevance of Powder/Liquid Wettability to the Cohesiveness of Carbon Black Agglomerates (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Particle size enlargement operations often involve the use of a liquid to improve powder cohesiveness. Capillary suction and surface tension forces acting through liquid menisci between particles are the primary source of the cohesive bonding. The strength of these forces, and consequently the strength of the wet agglomerate, is dependent upon the total liquid content, its distribution within the agglomerate, and the powder wettability (characterized by the liquid surface tension and powder/liquid contact angle).The tensile strength of powder compacts containing submicron carbon black particles has been measured as a function of saturation level for several liquids. It is found that the compact strength increases with increasing surface tension for liquids that exhibit a zero contact angle. Above the critical surface tension for wetting a more complicated situation exists where both the surface tension and contact angle are important.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19860030106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent Scattering by Multiple Particles in Phase Doppler Interferometry (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 11 (1994), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical model has been developed for studying the response of the phase Doppler interferometer when multiple particles are simultaneously present within the measurement probe volume. The developed model incorporates the geometrical optics theory for describing the coherent interaction between the scattered light signals of multiple particles, eachhaving different size, velocity, trajectory, and arrival time. The resulting Doppler signal is processed by a theoretical signal processor which can simulate the performance characteristic of different signal processing schemes that are widely used in phase Doppler interferometry, namely, zero-crossing counter, covariance, autocorrelation and DFT parocessors. The application of the developed model for studying the coherent scattering by two particles has been specifically addressed in this paper. It has been shown that a DFT processor can be used to simultaneously measure the size and velocity of the two particles in most instances. However, for more than two particles, the signal processing scheme becomes more complex because of a quadratic increase in the beat frequency components.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19940110106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Phase Doppler Method: Analysis, performance evaluations, and applications (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 11 (1994), S. 73-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This review of the recent developments in the phase Doppler method provides information on the advances made to the method and delineates some potential error sources. Methods used to eliminate these potential error sources are also discussed. It is shown through comparison to the Lorenz-Mie theory and the GLMT that the geometrical optics theory offers a reliable and efficient computational tool for the analysis of the light scattering with the phase Doppler method. The geometrical optics theory was then used to optimize the measurement parameters in the system designs and a significant reduction in the measurement uncertainty was realized. Limitations on the particle concentrations in which the instrument will operate reliably are also addressed. A brief discussion of the instrumentation and, in particular, the signal processing is presented. The advantages in using the Fourier transform approach are discussed. As a demonstration of the capabilities of the instrument, several performance tests were reviewed and examples of the application to spray combustion and turbulent dispersion of particles are given.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19940110110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inlet Efficiency Study for the TSI Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 188-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper reports on the particle. sampling efficiency of the inlet system for the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (TSI, Inc., St. Paul MN). Large particles are depleted from the sampled aerosol by two mechanisms: super-isokinetic sampling at the entrance of the inlet, and inertial impaction on the inner nozzle. A fluorometric technique was used to separately characterize these mechanisms. Numerical studies were also performed. The experimental results show that the inlet's overall efficiency drops from around 90% for 3 μm particles to less than 45% for particles larger than 10 gm. Several high efficiency inlets were developed and tested. These inlets provide higher sampling efficiencies, but reduce the instrument's sizing resolution. Measurements of 7.3 μm oleic acid particles with a high efficiency inlet showed a 5% spread in measured diameter at 50% count, while less than a 1076 spread was observed using the standard inlet. It was also found that the super-isokinetic condition reduces particle losses on the inner nozzle. The standard inlet is recommended for verifying test aerosol monodispersity. An alternative to the standard inlet is suggested for measurement of size distributions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120405
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Aggregation Probability in Random Coagulation and Breakup Processes (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 9 (1992), S. 28-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A single parameter, denoted as the "aggregation probability", is introduced to represent the average potential of clustering in a suspension in which the aggregates are undergoing random and simultaneous coagulation and breakup by means of mechanical stirring. The parameter may be useful for obtaining quick estimates of the equilibrium cluster size distributions in such systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19920090105
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Conductivity as a Method to Assess Powder CompactsAward-winning paper; Young Author Award 1990, Royal Society of Chemistry, Particle Characterisation Group, London (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 9 (1992), S. 202-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The porosity of pentaerythirtol tetraacetate, tar granulated carbon and spray dried lactose compacts were determined using mercury intrusion porosimetry. These results were compared to data from thermal conductivity experiments which showed correlations to mercury intrusion volume and median pore size.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19920090127
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sizing Large Hollow Micro-Balloons with the phase doppler interferometer (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 10 (1993), S. 321-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A combined theoretical and experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using large, hollow micro-balloons as LDV seed particles. The study has focused on the ability of phase Doppler systems to size hollow microballoons, the ability of large micro-balloons to respond to high frequency spatial and temporal flow field variations, and the overall advantages and disadvantages of using large microballoons instead of conventional LDV seed particles, such as very small water droplets or polystyrene latex (PSL) particles. This paper discusses the development of a theoretical phase Doppler response model for stratified spheres, the experimental facility, and the theoretical and experimental results.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19930100606
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Linear Grade Distributions in Liberation Analysis (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 4 (1987), S. 78-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An evaluation was made to assess whether linear grade distribution measurements determined from polished sections of randomly oriented particles can be used to estimate the extent of liberation for multiphase particles of specified size. Two techniques, optical image analysis and microprobe analysis, were used to establish the linear grade distributions for samples of different composition from a copper porphyry flotation circuit and these two were found to be equivalent. An estimate of the variance in the experimental data was made by measuring the average chalcopyrite content in these samples and comparing the results to chemical assays. The statistical significance of the linear grade distribution data obtained by optical image analysis was assessed and, for a given accuracy, the number of particles required to obtain an unbiased representation of the sample was determined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19870040116
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Use of Calibration Techniques for the Development and Application of Optical Particle Sizing InstrumentsPresented at the International Symposium on Optical Particle Sizing: Theory and Practice, Rouen (France), 12-15 May 1987. (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 4 (1987), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes seven different methods of calibrating optical particle sizing instruments based on single particle scattering theory. The results presented were obtained from a Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA) using two concentric probe volumes of different diameters and colours. Measurements of the Doppler signal frequency, amplitude and visibility can yield the absolute particle size and velocity of individual particles providing that the optics and processor are correctly designed and implemented.The requirements for signal processing without validation bias are discussed together with the use of a Doppler signal generator for testing the processor. Calibration of the system is then described using a scanning pinhole unit, calibration plate and aerosols of bronze spheres. The other techniques described are the use of glass spheres mounted on thin stalks, Berglund-Lui monodisperse particle generator and latex spheres entrained in a recirculating cell. The discussion indicates the sizing range over which the above techniques are applicable. This covers a total size range from 1 micron to 1 millimetre.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19870040132
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