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  • Animals  (36)
  • Drosophila  (5)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (36)
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Society of Hematology
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Keywords
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual influences on fecundity in drosophilid species (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 213-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Drosophila ; reproductive behavior ; oviposition ; pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A residual influence of males and females on oviposition has been examined in 7 drosophilids. There was evidence for oviposition deterrence inDrosophila funebris, with males as well as females producing the inhibitory effect. In contrast, male residues stimulated oviposition inZaprionus tuberculatus. Male residues also stimulated oviposition and appeared to serve as an aggregation cue inD. melanogaster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01942858
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental effects on cytoplasmic incompatibility and bacterial load in Wolbachia-infected Drosophila simulans (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 86 (1998), S. 13-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Drosophila ; cytoplasmic incompatibility ; Wolbachia ; temperature ; antibiotics ; density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of high temperatures, antibiotics, nutrition and larval density on cytoplasmic incompatibility caused by a Wolbachia infection were investigated in Drosophila simulans. Exposure of larvae from an infected stock to moderate doses of tetracycline led to complete incompatibility when treated females were crossed to infected males; the same doses only caused a partial restoration of compatibility when treated males were crossed to uninfected females. In crosses with treated females, there was a strong correlation between dose effects on hatch rates and infection levels in embryos produced by these females. Ageing and rearing males at a high temperature led to increased compatibility. However, exposing infected females to a high temperature did not influence their compatibility with infected males. Male temperature effects depended on conditions experienced at the larval stage but not the pupal stage. Exposure to 25 °C reduced the density of Wolbachia in embryos compared with a 19 °C treatment. Low levels of nutrition led to increased compatibility, but no effect of larval crowding was detected. These findings show the ways environmental factors can influence the expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility and suggest that environmental effects may be mediated by bacterial density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003043814761
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olfactory responses ofDrosophila melanogaster selected for knockdown resistance to ethanol (1987)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 17 (1987), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Drosophila ; D. melanogaster ; olfaction ; ethanol tolerance ; correlated response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The experiments usedDrosophila melanogaster lines previously selected for increased knockdown resistance to ethanol. Selected lines utilized ethanol as a metabolic resource to a greater extent than unselected lines. Lines were characterized by their olfactory responses to ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetaldehyde in a wind tunnel. Selected lines were less attracted to ethanol than unselected lines but did not differ consistently in their responses to other chemicals. This suggests that increased tolerance and utilization of ethanol are not necessarily accompanied by increased attraction to this chemical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065509
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of acclimation and rearing conditions on the response of tropical and temperate populations ofDrosophila melanogaster andD. simulans to a temperature gradient (Diptera: Drosophilidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 279-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: temperature preference ; Drosophila ; acclimation ; compensation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of rearing and acclimation on the response of adultDrosophila to temperature were investigated in a gradient.D. melanogaster flies preferred a higher mean temperature and were distributed over a wider range of temperatures thanD. simulans flies. Acclimating adults at different temperatures for a week did not influence the response of either species. Adults reared at 28°C as immatures had a lower mean preference than those reared at cooler temperatures, suggesting that flies compensated for the effects of rearing conditions. Adults from tropical and temperate populations ofD. melanogaster andD. simulans did not differ in the mean temperature they preferred in a gradient, suggesting little genetic divergence for this trait within species. The species differences and environmental responses may be related to changes in optimal physiological conditions for the flies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01989735
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Female encounter rates and fighting costs of males are associated with lek size in Drosophila mycetophaga (1998)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 42 (1998), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Lek behavior ; Mating ecology ; Ideal free distribution ; Body size ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Male costs and benefits associated with male display size in field populations of an Australian lekking Drosophila species were examined. Results suggested that male mating success increased with display size, since matings appeared to be more common in large displays, and since the probability of males encountering a female increased as displays contained more males. Female encounter probabilities did not increase once about 20 males or more were present on a display. Male size and fighting costs tended to increase with display size. The distribution of males among displays did not follow the ideal free distribution in the sense that each male did not have equal mating opportunity per unit time. Deviation from an ideal free distribution may have been due to female preference for mating in aggregations rather than with solitary males, since in a field experiment females were more willing for mating in an aggregation of five males than with solitary males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050427
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  • 6
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    Low potential for climatic stress adaptation in a rainforest Drosophila species (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: The ability of sensitive rainforest species to evolve in response to climate change is largely unknown. We show that the Australian tropical rainforest fly Drosophila birchii exhibits clinal variation in desiccation resistance, but the most resistant population lacks the ability to evolve further resistance even after intense selection for over 30 generations. Parent-offspring comparisons indicate low heritable variation for this trait but high levels of genetic variation for morphology. D. birchii also exhibits abundant genetic variation at microsatellite loci. The low potential for resistance evolution highlights the importance of assessing evolutionary potential in targeted ecological traits and species from threatened habitats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffmann, A A -- Hallas, R J -- Dean, J A -- Schiffer, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):100-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia. A.Hoffmann@latrobe.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Australia ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; Crosses, Genetic ; Dehydration ; Drosophila/*genetics/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Inbreeding ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Selection, Genetic ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Constitutive activation of toll-mediated antifungal defense in serpin-deficient Drosophila (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: The antifungal defense of Drosophila is controlled by the spaetzle/Toll/cactus gene cassette. Here, a loss-of-function mutation in the gene encoding a blood serine protease inhibitor, Spn43Ac, was shown to lead to constitutive expression of the antifungal peptide drosomycin, and this effect was mediated by the spaetzle and Toll gene products. Spaetzle was cleaved by proteolytic enzymes to its active ligand form shortly after immune challenge, and cleaved Spaetzle was constitutively present in Spn43Ac-deficient flies. Hence, Spn43Ac negatively regulates the Toll signaling pathway, and Toll does not function as a pattern recognition receptor in the Drosophila host defense.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levashina, E A -- Langley, E -- Green, C -- Gubb, D -- Ashburner, M -- Hoffmann, J A -- Reichhart, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1917-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UPR 9022 CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, 15 Rue Rene Descartes, Strasbourg 67084, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antifungal Agents/*metabolism ; *Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Body Patterning ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/*immunology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Escherichia coli/genetics/immunology ; Genes, Insect ; Hemolymph/metabolism ; Insect Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Micrococcus luteus/immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Peptides/genetics/metabolism ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Serpins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: The concept of innate immunity refers to the first-line host defense that serves to limit infection in the early hours after exposure to microorganisms. Recent data have highlighted similarities between pathogen recognition, signaling pathways, and effector mechanisms of innate immunity in Drosophila and mammals, pointing to a common ancestry of these defenses. In addition to its role in the early phase of defense, innate immunity in mammals appears to play a key role in stimulating the subsequent, clonal response of adaptive immunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffmann, J A -- Kafatos, F C -- Janeway, C A -- Ezekowitz, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1313-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS, Strasbourg, 67084, France. jhoff@ibmc.u-strasbg.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culicidae/immunology/microbiology ; Drosophila/immunology/microbiology ; Humans ; Immunity, Active ; *Immunity, Innate ; Infection/*immunology ; Insect Vectors/immunology/microbiology ; Mammals/immunology ; Models, Immunological ; Phagocytosis ; Phylogeny ; Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Neural mechanisms of saccadic suppression (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: In normal vision our gaze leaps from detail to detail, resulting in rapid image motion across the retina. Yet we are unaware of such motion, a phenomenon known as saccadic suppression. We recorded neural activity in the middle temporal and middle superior temporal cortical areas during saccades and identical image motion under passive viewing conditions. Some neurons were selectively silenced during saccadic image motion, but responded well to identical external image motion. In addition, a subpopulation of neurons reversed their preferred direction of motion during saccades. Consequently, oppositely directed motion signals annul one another, and motion percepts are suppressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thiele, A -- Henning, P -- Kubischik, M -- Hoffmann, K-P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2460-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Allgemeine Zoologie und Neurobiologie, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44780, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Macaca mulatta ; Motion Perception ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Perceptual Masking ; Retina/physiology ; Saccades/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Visual Pathways ; *Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Activation of Drosophila Toll during fungal infection by a blood serine protease (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-06
    Description: Drosophila host defense to fungal and Gram-positive bacterial infection is mediated by the Spaetzle/Toll/cactus gene cassette. It has been proposed that Toll does not function as a pattern recognition receptor per se but is activated through a cleaved form of the cytokine Spaetzle. The upstream events linking infection to the cleavage of Spaetzle have long remained elusive. Here we report the identification of a central component of the fungal activation of Toll. We show that ethylmethane sulfonate-induced mutations in the persephone gene, which encodes a previously unknown serine protease, block induction of the Toll pathway by fungi and resistance to this type of infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ligoxygakis, Petros -- Pelte, Nadege -- Hoffmann, Jules A -- Reichhart, Jean-Marc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):114-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, UPR 9022 du CNRS, 15 rue R. Descartes, F67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12098703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Drosophila/genetics/immunology/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*blood/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Insect ; Gram-Positive Cocci/physiology ; Hemolymph/immunology/metabolism ; Hypocreales/*physiology ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases/*blood/chemistry/*genetics ; Toll-Like Receptors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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