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  • Wiley  (84)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (57)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (23)
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  • 1
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    Biofilm effect on soil hydraulic properties: Experimental investigation using soil-grown real biofilm (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Understanding the influence of attached microbial biomass on water flow in variably saturated soils is crucial for many engineered flow systems. So far, the investigation of the effects of microbial biomass has been mainly limited to water-saturated systems. We have assessed the influence of biofilms on the soil hydraulic properties under variably-saturated conditions. A sandy soil was incubated with Pseudomonas Putida and the hydraulic properties of the incubated soil were determined by a combination of methods. Our results show a stronger soil water retention in the inoculated soil as compared to the control. The increase in volumetric water content reaches approximately 0.015 cm 3 cm −3 but is only moderately correlated with the carbon deficit, a proxy for biofilm quantity, and less with the cell viable counts. The presence of biofilm reduced the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil by up to one order of magnitude. Under unsaturated conditions, the hydraulic conductivity was only reduced by a factor of four. This means that relative water conductance in biofilm-affected soils is higher compared to the clean soil at low water contents, and that the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curve of biofilm-affected soil cannot be predicted by simply scaling the saturated hydraulic conductivity. A flexible parameterization of the soil hydraulic functions accounting for capillary and non-capillary flow was needed to adequately describe the observed properties over the entire wetness range. More research is needed to address the exact flow mechanisms in biofilm-affected, unsaturated soil and how they are related to effective system properties. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Carbon-Temperature-Water change analysis for peanut production under climate change: A prototype for the AgMIP Coordinated Climate-Crop Modeling Project (C3MP) (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-01
    Description: Climate change is projected to push the limits of cropping systems and has the potential to disrupt the agricultural sector from local to global scales. This article introduces the Coordinated Climate-Crop Modeling Project (C3MP), an initiative of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) to engage a global network of crop modelers to explore the impacts of climate change via an investigation of crop responses to changes in carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]), temperature, and water. As a demonstration of the C3MP protocols and enabled analyses, we apply the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) CROPGRO-Peanut crop model for Henry County, Alabama, to evaluate responses to the range of plausible [CO 2 ], temperature changes, and precipitation changes projected by climate models out to the end of the 21 st century. These sensitivity tests are used to derive crop model emulators that estimate changes in mean yield and the coefficient of variation for seasonal yields across a broad range of climate conditions, reproducing mean yields from sensitivity test simulations with deviations of ~2% for rainfed conditions. We apply these statistical emulators to investigate how peanuts respond to projections from various global climate models, time periods, and emissions scenarios, finding a robust projection of modest (〈10%) median yield losses in the middle of the 21 st century accelerating to more severe (〉20%) losses and larger uncertainty at the end of the century under the more severe representative concentration pathway 8.5. This projection is not substantially altered by the selection of the AgMERRA global gridded climate dataset rather than the local historical observations, differences between the Third and Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5), or the use of the delta method of climate impacts analysis rather than the C3MP impacts response surface and emulator approach. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Maintenance of redox state and pancreatic beta-cell function: Role of leptin and adiponectin (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-16
    Description: Whereas oxidative stress is linked to cellular damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also believed to be involved in the propagation of signaling pathways. Studies on the role of ROS in pancreatic beta-cell physiology, in contrast to pathophysiology, have not yet been reported. In this study we investigate the importance of maintaining cellular redox state on pancreatic beta-cell function and viability, and the effects of leptin and adiponectin on this balance. Experiments were conducted on RINm and MIN6 pancreatic beta-cells. Leptin (1–100 ng/ml) and adiponectin (1–100 nM) increased ROS accumulation, as was determined by DCFDA fluorescence. Using specific inhibitors, we found that the increase in ROS levels was mediated by NADPH oxidase (Nox), but not by AMP kinase (AMPK) or phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K). Leptin and adiponectin increased beta-cell number as detected by the XTT method, but did not affect apoptosis, indicating that the increased cell number results from increased proliferation. The adipokines-induced increase in viability is ROS dependent as this effect was abolished by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or PEG-catalase. In addition, insulin secretion was found to be regulated by alterations in redox state, but not by adipokines. Finally, the effects of the various treatments on activity and mRNA expression of several antioxidant enzymes were determined. Both leptin and adiponectin reduced mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD)1. Adiponectin also decreased SOD activity and increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the presence of H 2 O 2 . The results of this study show that leptin and adiponectin, by inducing a physiological increase in ROS levels, may be positive regulators of beta-cell mass. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1966–1976, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Multimodel ensembles of wheat growth: Many models are better than one (2014)
    Pierre Martre, Daniel Wallach, Senthold Asseng, Frank Ewert, James W. Jones, Reimund P. Rötter, Kenneth J. Boote, Alex C. Ruane, Peter J. Thorburn, Davide Cammarano, Jerry L. Hatfield, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Pramod k. Aggarwal, Carlos Angulo, Bruno Basso, Patrick Bertuzzi, Christian Biernath, Nadine Brisson, Andrew J. Challinor, Jordi Doltra, Sebastian Gayler, Richie Goldberg, Robert F. Grant, Lee Heng, Josh Hooker, Leslie A Hunt, Joachim Ingwersen, Roberto C Izaurralde, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Christoph Müller, Soora Naresh Kumar, Claas Nendel, Garry o'Leary, Jørgen E. Olesen, Tom M. Osborne, Taru Palosuo, Eckart Priesack, Dominique Ripoche, Mikhail A. Semenov, Iurii Shcherbak, Pasquale Steduto, Claudio O. Stöckle, Pierre Stratonovitch, Thilo Streck, Iwan Supit, Fulu Tao, Maria Travasso, Katharina Waha, Jeffrey W. White, Joost Wolf
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-21
    Description: Crop models of crop growth are increasingly used to quantify the impact of global changes due to climate or crop management. Therefore, accuracy of simulation results is a major concern. Studies with ensembles of crop models can give valuable information about model accuracy and uncertainty, but such studies are difficult to organize and have only recently begun. We report on the largest ensemble study to date, of 27 wheat models tested in four contrasting locations for their accuracy in simulating multiple crop growth and yield variables. The relative error averaged over models was 24-38% for the different end-of-season variables including grain yield (GY) and grain protein concentration (GPC). There was little relation between error of a model for GY or GPC and error for in-season variables. Thus, most models did not arrive at accurate simulations of GY and GPC by accurately simulating preceding growth dynamics. Ensemble simulations, taking either the mean (e-mean) or median (e-median) of simulated values, gave better estimates than any individual model when all variables were considered. Compared to individual models, e-median ranked first in simulating measured GY and third in GPC. The error of e-mean and e-median declined with an increasing number of ensemble members, with little decrease beyond 10 models. We conclude that multimodel ensembles can be used to create new estimators with improved accuracy and consistency in simulating growth dynamics. We argue that these results are applicable to other crop species, and hypothesize that they apply more generally to ecological system models. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Autocrine/paracrine function of globular adiponectin: inhibition of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-11
    Description: Adiponectin is an adipose-derived hormone, with beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and inflammation. The aim of this study was to clarify the autocrine/paracrine effects of globular adiponectin (gAd) administrated during differentiation on the function of the mature adipocytes. Experiments were performed on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with gAd (10nM), starting at an early stage of differentiation. gAd treatment during differentiation was without effect on mRNA expression of adiponectin and AdipoR2, but increased AdipoR1 expression. PPARgamma, perillipin and FABP4 mRNA expressions were lower in gAd-treated adipocytes, accompanied by a reduction in lipid accumulation. While mRNA expression of HSL was not affected by gAd compared to untreated adipocytes, both ATGL and FAS were reduced, indicating that gAd regulates both lipolysis and lipogenesis. PPARα, ACOX2 and UCPs mRNA expressions were not affected by gAd, indicating that the reduction in lipid content is not attributed to an increase in fatty-acid oxidation. In accord with the lower PPARγ expression, there was reduced Glut4 mRNA expression; however, insulin-induced PKB phosphorylation was enhanced by gAd, and glucose uptake was not altered. To investigate the effect of gAd on LPS-induced inflammatory response, cells were treated with gAd either during differentiation or 24 hours before induction of inflammation in differentiated adipocytes. LPS induced inflammatory response, as indicated by increase in IL6 and MCP-1 mRNA expression. gAd given through differentiation was much more effective in abrogating LPS-dependent cytokines production than gAd given to the mature adipocyte. In conclusion, elevated gAd at differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells leads to reduced lipid content, reduced lipid metabolism and high resistance to inflammation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Impairment of mycobacterial but not viral immunity by a germline human STAT1 mutation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: Interferons (IFN) alpha/beta and gamma induce the formation of two transcriptional activators: gamma-activating factor (GAF) and interferon-stimulated gamma factor 3 (ISGF3). We report a natural heterozygous germline STAT1 mutation associated with susceptibility to mycobacterial but not viral disease. This mutation causes a loss of GAF and ISGF3 activation but is dominant for one cellular phenotype and recessive for the other. It impairs the nuclear accumulation of GAF but not of ISGF3 in heterozygous cells stimulated by IFNs. Thus, the antimycobacterial, but not the antiviral, effects of human IFNs are principally mediated by GAF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dupuis, S -- Dargemont, C -- Fieschi, C -- Thomassin, N -- Rosenzweig, S -- Harris, J -- Holland, S M -- Schreiber, R D -- Casanova, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):300-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses, Universite de Paris Rene Descartes-INSERM UMR550, Faculte de Medecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/virology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; *Immunity/genetics ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit ; Interferon-alpha/*immunology/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/*immunology/metabolism ; Janus Kinase 1 ; Mice ; Mycobacterium Infections/genetics/*immunology ; Mycobacterium avium Complex/immunology ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/genetics/immunology ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Pedigree ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Simian virus 40 ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Virus Diseases/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Gastrointestinal tract as a major site of CD4+ T cell depletion and viral replication in SIV infection (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: Human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV) replicate optimally in activated memory CD4(+) T cells, a cell type that is abundant in the intestine. SIV infection of rhesus monkeys resulted in profound and selective depletion of CD4+ T cells in the intestine within days of infection, before any such changes in peripheral lymphoid tissues. The loss of CD4+ T cells in the intestine occurred coincident with productive infection of large numbers of mononuclear cells at this site. The intestine appears to be a major target for SIV replication and the major site of CD4+ T cell loss in early SIV infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veazey, R S -- DeMaria, M -- Chalifoux, L V -- Shvetz, D E -- Pauley, D R -- Knight, H L -- Rosenzweig, M -- Johnson, R P -- Desrosiers, R C -- Lackner, A A -- AI25328/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI38559/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK50550/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 17;280(5362):427-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, 1 Pine Hill Drive, Post Office Box 9102, Southborough, MA 01772, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9545219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology ; Colon/*immunology/virology ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunologic Memory ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/virology ; Intestine, Small/*immunology/virology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology/virology ; Macaca mulatta ; Macrophages/virology ; Male ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/*virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Viral Load ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    In reply: the overhead question (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beering, S C -- Rosenzweig, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 6;249(4964):10-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17787601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Grant financing: PI salaries (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenzweig, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 23;247(4949 Pt 1):1385.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2321003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Personnel/*economics ; Research Support as Topic/*organization & administration ; United States ; Universities/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Shared human T cell receptor V beta usage to immunodominant regions of myelin basic protein (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-25
    Description: Multiple sclerosis (MS) may be an autoimmune disease mediated by T cells specific for a myelin protein. Investigations have demonstrated myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive T cells that were activated in vivo in MS patients, suggesting that MBP may be a target antigen in MS. The variable (V) region of the T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain was examined among 83 T cell lines from both MS patients and healthy subjects that were reactive with the immunodominant region of human MBP (residues 84 to 102) or with a second immunodominant region of MBP (143 to 168). V beta 17 and to a lesser extent V beta 12 were frequently used in recognition of MBP(84-102) among different individuals. In contrast, V beta 17 was very infrequent among lines reactive with MBP (143-168). These data demonstrate shared TCR V beta gene usage for the recognition of immunodominant regions of the human autoantigen MBP. Such TCR structures may be used as targets for specific immunotherapy in MS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wucherpfennig, K W -- Ota, K -- Endo, N -- Seidman, J G -- Rosenzweig, A -- Weiner, H L -- Hafler, D A -- 1 K11 HL 02228-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS 00981/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS 24247/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 25;248(4958):1016-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1693015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Epitopes ; Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology ; Myelin Basic Protein/*immunology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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