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  • Chemistry  (211)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (211)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1950-1954  (211)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (211)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Kalium-Wolframbronzen und Natrium-Kalium-Wolframbronzen (1951)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 265 (1951), S. 209-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Kalium-Wolframbronzen wurden durch Erhitzen von K2WO4, WO3 und W als Reduktionsmittel auf 850° im Vakuum dargestellt. Größere, rötlich violette, metallisch glänzende Kriställchen konnten bei 900° erhalten werden. Die Formel der Bronze mit möglichst niedrigem WO3-Gehalt ergab sich zu KWVO3(WVIO3)0,86 oder K0,54WO3. Die Bronze ist tetragonal; die Dimensionen der Elementarzelle sind: a = 12,3073 Å, c = 3,843 Å, c/a = 0,275.Diese Bronze vermag unter Bildung einer homogenen festen Lösung noch etwa 13 Gew.-% WO3 bei 845° aufzunehmen (anionischer Substitutionsmischkristall). Die Formel des gesättigten Mischkristalls ist KWVO3(WVIO3)1,165 oder K0,462WO3.Die Kaliumwolframbronze löst keine Natriumbronze bei 800°. Na-Bronze mit 11,1 Gew.-% WO3 nimmt jedoch bei 870° bis zu 15% Kalium-Wolframbronze unter Schrumpfung des kubischen Gitters und unter Farbvertiefung auf. Die Löslichkeit steigt mit der Temperatur. Es ergibt sich ein gleichzeitig kationischer und anionischer Substitutionsmischkristall mit Leerstellen (L.-St.)-(Na+, K+, L.-St.). (WVO3-, WVIO3) - und regelloser Verteilung der Bestandteile.Alle beschriebenen Bronzen waren spröde, aber chemisch sehr widerstandsfähig.Die spezifische elektrische Leitfähigkeit der Kalium-Wolframbronze mit niedrigstem WO3-Gehalt ergab sich zu 78,7 Ω-1. cm-1 bei Zimmertemperatur. Mischkristallbildung erniedrigt die Leitfähigkeit, ähnlich wie das bei reinen Metallsystemen der Fall ist.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19512650405
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Molecular Weight of High Polymers by Measurement of Osmotic Pressures at Low Concentrations (1951)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 585-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An equilibrium osmometer for the measurement of very low osmotic pressures has been designed. It is constructed of metal and employs a large horizontal membrane. A rapid approach to equilibrium is obtained by the use of a fine capillary and a bacterial cellulose membrane (Masson and Melville) in conjunction with complete thermostatting. To avoid displacement, the membrane is stretched in a frame and held over a grooved domed support of the Carter-Record type. Details of procedure, including concentration estimation and the preparation of membranes, are given.Measurements of the osmotic pressure of a fractionated sample of polystyrene, of molecular weight approximately one million, have served to determine the precision of the osmometer. At a pressure of 0.026 cm. of chloroform, the standard deviation was found to be 0.002 cm. The importance of correcting for the density of the solution, when measuring high molecular weights, is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1951.120060508
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some copolymers of dimethyl 1-propene-2-phosphonate and of 1-phenylvinylphosphonic acid (1952)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 8 (1952), S. 255-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1952.120080210
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl-type polymers containing phosphorus (1952)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 8 (1952), S. 495-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Some copolymers which contain either aldehyde or ketone carbonyl groups have been treated with phosphorus trichloride and then in sequence with acetic acid and water. On the basis of phosphorus analyses of the resulting products, α-hydroxyphosphonic acid groups have been introduced in amounts ranging from zero to 100% of the theoretical amount. These phosphorus containing polymers with 2% or more of phosphorus are somewhat flame resistant.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1952.120080506
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature rubber: Emulsion polymerization in a salt antifreeze system (1951)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 7 (1951), S. 159-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Butadiene-styrene copolymers have been prepared at subfreezing temperatures by means of redox recipes employing inorganic salts as freezing point depressants. Specific salt-emulsifier combinations are required for optimum rates of polymerizations. With a sufficient amount of the inorganic salt to lower the freezing point of water 10°C., the sodium chloride-potassium caprylate combination resulted in a 60% conversion in 4.6 hours, the calcium chloride-sodium hexyl sulfate combination resulted in a 41% conversion in 24 hours, and the calcium chloride-alkyl aryl polyether alcohol combination resulted in a 58% conversion in 18.5 hours.Low molecular weight mercaptans such as tert-butyl mercaptan can be employed as practical modifiers for this recipe.Certain of the physical properties of the salt antifreeze copolymers prepared at -10°C. are superior to those of copolymers prepared at the same temperature by means of conventional recipes. The ease of processing and the heat-aged properties are exceptional. One copolymer after 24 hours of aging at 100°C. withstood 118,000 flexures before a puncture increased to one inch in length at 99°C. The superiority of the product is attributed to the precipitation of the copolymer during the course of the polymerization.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1951.120070206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of vinylsulfonic acid derivatives with butadieneThis investigation was carried out as a part of the research project sponsored by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Synthetic Rubber Division, in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 39-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolymers of vinylsulfonic acid derivatives with butadiene, isoprene, and styrene have been prepared. The evaluation of butadiene-vinylsulfonic acid ester copolymers indicates that these rubbers have good low-temperature characteristics and that the stress-strain properties of the n-butyl vinylsulfonate copolymer approach those of the standard GR-S rubber; however the oil resistance properties are poor. The stress-strain properties of the butadiene-n-hexyl vinylsulfonate copolymer are inferior to those of the n-butyl analog.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100104
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polymerization of butadiene and copolymerization of butadiene and styreneThis investigation was carried out under the sponsorship of the Office of Rubber Reserve, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1951)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 483-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The cationic polymerization of butadiene with several Friedel-Crafts catalysts has been described. Aluminum chloride and chlorosulfonic acid are active catalysts at -75°. The rate of polymerization at -75° is much faster than at the higher temperatures. Except for boron trifluoride etherate, which catalyzes the polymerization at -30°, the other catalysts (sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, stannic chloride, and boron trifluoride hydrate) produce appreciable amounts of polymer only at 0° or higher.The effect of variables, such as catalyst concentration, catalyst solvent, dilution, reaction time, etc., differs with each individual catalyst. In some cases, results were not conclusive due to lack of reproducibility. It was found that the presence of moisture is mainly responsible for this lack of reproducibility. Traces of water promote the polymerization with stannic chloride or boron trifluoride etherate, but inhibit the polymerization when an ethyl bromide solution of aluminum chloride is used as catalyst.Rubberlike polyhutadienes can be obtained with all catalysts except sulfuric and fuming sulfuric acids. However, the physical properties of these polymers show that the molecular weight is very low and that the polymer is not suitable as a rubber. Polymers ranging from viscous liquids to hard, brittle solids have also been obtained. In general, the solubility of the polymers is low. Approximately 60% of the butadiene enters the polymer chain by 1,4 addition.The copolymerization of butadiene and styrene at -75° with an ethyl bromide solution of aluminum chloride has also been studied. At conversions between 20 and 30% a soluble, rubberlike copolymer having a low molecular weight is formed. An insoluble, brittle polymer is obtained a t higher conversions.The soluble, cationic copolymer has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption curve which is different from that of GR-S. It has a styrene content of approximately 50% by weight which demonstrates that the styrene is more active in cationic copolymerization than is butadiene.
    Additional Material: 16 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1951.120060409
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyalkylene sulfides. VIII. Polymers from 4-vinylcyclohexeneThis investigation was carried out under the sponsorship of the Office of Rubber Reserve, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, in connection with the U. S. Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1951)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 717-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Pure 4-vinylcyclohexene and hexamethylenedithiol react under a variety of conditions to produce a polymer which has factice-like properties. The polymers with the highest inherent viscosity were prepared in MP-189-EF emulsion at a pH of 4 with a persulfate-bisulfite-copper sulfate initiator. The polymers are readily cross-linked, and if dried without careful removal of initiator solution, they show properties of vulcanized factice samples. Bisazoisobutyronitrile, a cumene hydroperoxide-ferrous pyrophosphate system, and a ceric sulfate-bisulfite copper system have also been used to initiate this polymerization reaction.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1951.120060606
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers of benzalacetophenoneThis investigation was carried out under the sponsorship of the Office of Rubber Reserve, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, in connection with the Government Synthetic Program. (1951)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 776-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1951.120060613
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carotinoid-Synthesen IX. Stereoisomere 1,18-Diphenyl-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-nonaene (1952)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 35 (1952), S. 1179-1189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus Benzalaceton, Propargylbromid und Magnesium wurde 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-hexen-(1)-in-(5)-ol-(3) (III) hergestellt, welches durch Erhitzen mit wasserfreier Oxalsäure im Vakuum in 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-hexadien-(1,3)-on-(5) (6-Phenyl-4-methyl-hexadien-(3,5)-on-(2)) (IV) übergeht.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19520350412
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