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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (55)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (16)
  • 1960-1964  (71)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Korrosionsprodukte des Kupfers auf elektrischen Fahrdrähten (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 148-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Copper corrosion products on electric traction wiresOn the copper catenaries of electric railway, the three types of crystals of green copper patina are encountered, corresponding to basic copper chloride, nitrate and sulphate. Chloride is encountered in coastal areas, nitrate in mountain regions, and sulphate in industrial districts.
    Notes: Auf dem Kupfer-Fahrdraht elektrischer Eisenbahnen bilden sich die drei Kristallarten von grüner Kupferpatina. Sie entsprechen basischem Kupferchlorid, -nitrat und -sulfat. Das Chlorid findet sich am Meeresstrand, das Nitrat in der Gebirgsgegend und das Sulfat in Fabrikgegenden.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120303
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß einiger Kolloide auf die Korrosion von Messing in Essigsäure (1963)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 14 (1963), S. 739-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of some colloids on the corrosion of brass in acetic acidA detailed discussion of the theories hitherto developed on the effectiveness of organic inhibitors is followed by a report on tests with Ms 70/30 brass in 0.2 n acetic acid. In declining order, the effectiveness of organic colloids was found to be as follows: agar, acacia, dextrin, egg albumen, gelatin, potato starch; the effectiveness is also greatly dependent on the concentration of the inhibitors. Usually, there is, for each individual inhibitor, a characteristic inhibition maximum at a certain concentration. Generally, the inhibiting effect in acetic and citric acid is greater then in malic acid, with the exception of acacia and egg albumen which are about equally effective in all three acids. It is only in a few cases, and in low concentration ranges, that the laws of adsorption apply.
    Notes: Nach einer eingehenden Diskussion der bisher vorliegenden Theorien der Wirksamkeit organischer Inhibitoren wird über Versuche mit Messing Ms 70/30 in 0,2 n-Essigsäure berichtet. Die Wirksamkeit der organischen Kolloide nahm in der Reihenfolge Agar 〉 Acacia 〉 Dextrin 〉 Ei-Albumin 〉 Gelatine 〉 Kartoffelstärke ab und ist auch stark von der Konzentration der Inhibitoren abhängig, Meist gibt es ein für den jeweiligen Inhibitor charakteristisches Maximum der Hemmwirkung bei einer bestimmten Konzentration. Allgemein ist die Hemmwirkung in Essig- und Citronensäure stärker als in Äpfelsäure. Nur Acacia und Ei-Albumin sind in allen drei Säuren etwa gleich wirksam, Die Adsorptionsgesetze sind nur in wenigen Fällen und in kleinen Konzentrationsbereichen erfüllt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19630140903
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of nuclear magnetic resonance absorption in coal (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 94-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The proton magnetic resonance in the vitrain of Yūbari caking coal and its residue of pyridine extraction has been studied over the range 90 to 423°K. At lower temperature the absorption line consists of a broad component. At higher temperature this component begins to decrease rapidly in the line width and resolves into two components. This rapid narrowing of the absorption line width suggests a glass transition attributed to the molecular motion in coal. The variation of the second moment of the absorption line with temperature reflects the line width variation. From these results some information on the molecular motion and arrangement in coal have been obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070061910
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer-diluent interactions. I. A new micromethod for determining polyvinyl chloride-diluent interactionsPresented in part at the 135th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Boston, Massachusetts, April 5-10, 1959. (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 4 (1960), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The changes that are observed under magnification when a single polyvinyl chloride particle is immersed in a drop of diluent and slowly heated have been explained on the basis of a three-dimensional network system in which the polymer crystallites act as junction points for the network. The existence of a temperature at which a sharp gel-to-sol transformation is observed has been attributed to the melting of the polymer crystallites. The temperature at which this transformation occurs was found to be rate-independent, reproducible, and characteristic for each polyvinyl chloride-diluent system. At this apparent melting temperature, the volume fraction of the diluent in the swollen particle was shown to approach unity. These findings made it possible, for the first time, to apply to polyvinyl chloride-diluent systems Flory's treatment of the effect of diluents on the crystal melting temperature of semicrystalline polymers. The apparent melting temperatures of polyvinyl chloride with 27 diluents were determined by the above method. The interaction parameter χ for each of the diluents used had been previously reported by Doty and Zable. A linear relationship was obtained when the reciprocal melting temperature was plotted against (1-χ)/V1 for all of the above polyvinyl chloride-diluent systems (V1 is the molar volume of the diluent at the melting temperature). From this plot the values for the extrapolated melting temperature of pure polyvinyl chloride and for the average heat of fusion were calculated and found to be 176°C. and 656 cal./mole, respectively. Based on these findings a micromethod has been developed which can be used to determine the parameter χ of a diluent with polyvinyl chloride from a single determination of this apparent melting temperature. This method also yields the value for the energy of interaction parameter B.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070041108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A tracer study of the persulfate-bisulfite-catalyzed polymerization of acrylonitrile (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 104-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A tracer study has been made of the polymerization of acrylonitrile in an aqueous solution at 25°C with the use of radioactive K2S352O8 and NaHS35O3 in a redox catalyst system. Persulfate and bisulfite give sulfate and sulfonate endgroups, respectively. The contents of these endgroups in the polymer were determined and the following empirical equation was derived: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{[{\rm Sulfonate endgroups]}}}{{[{\rm Sulfate endgroups]}}} = 1 + 0.27\left\{ {\frac{{[{\rm NaHSO}_{\rm 3} ]}}{{[{\rm AN] [K}_{\rm 2} {\rm S}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 8} ]}}} \right\}^{1.5} $ \end{document} Sulfonate is the major endgroup under every condition of polymerization. A tentative discussion of the polymerization initiation reaction in this redox system is given in order to account for the above experimental results.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051316
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinking of cellulose modified with polyacrylonitrile (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062325
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of polyacrylonitrile in cotton fabricsPresented at the Symposium on Carbohydrates, Cellulose and Cellulose Industries, organized by the Chemical Research Committee of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, India, at Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association, Ahmedabad, India, January 1962. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1581-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: With a sodium thiosulfate-potassium persulfate redox system, in situ polymerization of acrylonitrile was studied in cellulosic materials. Traces of copper are found to accelerate the rate of polymerization, giving higher yields on the treated materials. Other variables studied were (a) material/liquor ratios, (b) monomer concentrations, and (c) initiator concentrations. It is found that high material/liquor ratios and higher initiator concentrations cause increased polymer yields on cotton fabrics. Fabrics containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are resistant to microbial degradation. Acrylonitrile was polymerized in secondary cellulose acetate, mercerized cotton, and cellophane. Studies of the insolubility behavior of the treated cellulose acetate samples in acetone and dimethylformamide, and of mercerized cotton and cellophane in cuprammonium hydroxide, were carried out for the purpose of examining the presence of cellulose-PAN grafts. In the latter case, a constant ratio of cellulose to PAN was obtained in the cuprammonium hydroxide-insoluble fraction over a wide range of polymer add-ons. Alkaline saponification of the nitrile groups in the treated cotton fabrics, followed by a treatment with formaldehyde at pH 9-9.5 and subsequent curing in the presence of an acid catalyst, yield highly crosslinked fabrics which exhibit a considerable improvement in the wet crease recovery with slight loss in tensile and tear strengths. It is believed that these changes are brought about by the formation of a —CO · NH · CH2. O—cellulose type of crosslink. These results strongly support the presence of a cellulose-PAN graft.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070502
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusibility and solubility of gases in ethylcellulose and nitrocellulose (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1743-1756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Permeability of ethylcellulose and nitrocellulose films to thirteen different gases and vapors was determined. The solubility of these gases and vapors in ethylcellulose and nitrocellulose was also measured by gravimetric and volumetric methods of equilibrium sorption. From these data for permeability and solubility, diffusion coefficients of the gases and vapors in the polymeric films were calculated by means of the relation, P = DS, in which P and S are the permeability and solubility constants, respectively. It was found that the diffusion coefficient D decreased linearly with an increase of molecular weight; however, the shape factor of the molecules played an important role in the diffusion process. The solubility constants increased linearly with an increase of the Lennard-Jones force constants ∊/k when solubility was expressed on a weight basis rather than a volume basis. Both ethylcellulose and nitrocellulose are noncrystalline. Higher solubility, diffusibility, and permeability of ethylcellulose than that of nitrocellulose are considered to be due to the molecular packing in the films.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070515
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectra of crystalline polysaccharides. V. Chitin (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 43 (1960), S. 101-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polarized infrared spectra of crab chitin crystallites, blowfly larval cuticle, lobster tendon, and partially deacetylated lobster chitin have been studied. In addition, the spectra of amorphous deacetylated chitin, deuterated lobster chitin and crystalline N-acetylated chitohexaose were obtained and analyzed. Band assignments have been made with the aid of previous work on celluloses and other related molecules. The complete intermolecular C=O----H—N hydrogen bonding scheme, orginally proposed by Carlstrom from x-ray studies, is in agreement with the infrared data. With the aid of a scale model of the chitin unit cell, a number of hydrogen-bonding schemes involving the primary hydroxyl group have been examined and are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204314109
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectra of crystalline polysaccharides. III. Mercerized cellulose (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 43 (1960), S. 71-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The infrared spectra of doubly oriented films of mercerized ramie and Fortisan crystallites were observed over the 650-3600 cm. -1 frequency range. Polarization properties of the bands were determined. The CH2 symmetric bending frequency was found to be parallel polarized, from which it was concluded that the C6 hydroxyl groups are not engaged in intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The perpendicular bands in the OH stretching region are associated with intermolecular hydrogen bonds most probably in the 101 plane. The two bands showing strong parallel dichroism in the OH stretching region are associated with O3 → O′5 intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The observed data allowed a critical evaluation of the various hydrogen bonding schemes which have been proposed for cellulose II. Alternate schemes which are in better agreement with the infrared data are considered.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204314107
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