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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,082)
  • SPACE SCIENCES
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,082)
  • 1960-1964  (675)
  • 1955-1959  (407)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,082)
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Year
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of helix-coil transitions involving complementary poly- and oligo-nucleotides. I. The complete binding caseThis investigation was supported in part by Research Grant A-4283 from U. S. Public Health Service.Based upon a portion of a Ph.D. thesis to be submitted by W. S. M., Jr., to Brown University. (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 1 (1963), S. 133-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A statistical thermodynamic treatment of thermally induced helix-coil transitions is formulated with the matrix method for an (ensemble) of system(s) in which one strand of a double helix consists of a homopolymeric polynucleotide and the other strand comprises a number of complementary oligonucleotides. Each oligonucleotide is considered to be completely bound to the longer chain when in the helical configuration and completely free from it when in the randomly coiled configuration. The case of partial binding; i.e., “dangling,” is treated in a later paper. Taken into account in both cases are intrachain “stacking” interactions between nearest neighbor residues and interchain hydrogen bonding.An approximate treatment of the characteristic equation of the formulation indicates that the reciprocal of the transition temperature (1/T0) is a linear function of the reciprocal of the degree of polymerization (D.P.) of the oligonucleotides. In the same approximation, 1/T0 is also a linear function of the negative logarithm of the absolute activity of the oligonucleotides. Transition curves obtained by exact calculation on a computer are presented for various degrees of polymerization of both the oligo- and polynucleotides. These curves show a sharpening of the transition with increasing D.P. of the long chain and the aforementioned reciprocal D.P. dependence of 1/T0.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360010204
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single point determination of intrinsic viscosity (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. S30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070436
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermosetting vinyl and acrylic copolymers (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1919-1919 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080437
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyhydroxyethers. III. Ester derivativesPresented at the American Chemical Society Los Angeles Meeting, March 31-April 5. 1963. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 2153-2160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The esterification of high molecular weight hydroxyether polymers, derived from dihydric phenols and epichlorohydrin, has been studied. The esters of an assortment of monobasic acids, both organic and inorganic, were prepared by reaction of acid halides, anhydrides, esters or free acids with the secondary hydroxyl group in the polymer repeating unit. The effects of the structure of the acid radical and the degree of esterification on polymer properties were determined. In general, esterification resulted in a lowering of the major glass transition temperature of the polymer. This was true at all levels of esterification. Decreased chain symmetry and decreased hydrogen bonding appeared to be the major causes of the observed effect. Permeability of the polymers to oxygen and water vapor was increased by esterification. The increases was found to correlate well with the size and polarity of the acid radical. Some additional properties of the ester derivatives were examined in less detail.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070615
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Deckschichterzeugung auf Stahloberflächen nach dem kombinierten Oxalsäure-Chromsäure-Verfahren (1962)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 22-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The formation of a top layer on steel surfaces by means of the combined oxalic acid'chromic acid methodIn the investigations here described, the attempt has been made to analyze the mechanism of the top layer formation with the combined oxalic acid/chromic acid treatment of steel plates and to interpret the particularly effective corrossion protection obtained by this method. The mechanism of the formation of the oxalate layer and its catalytic acceleration by the so-called “working-in” compound as well as the reaction of the chromic acid with the metal surface are discussed. It is shown that the corrosion protection layer is ultimately obtained by a normal passivation of the metal surface by means of the chromic acid. The specific effect of the pretreatment with oxalic acid is based not only on a direct participation in the formation of the top layer but on a particularly favourable preparation of the surface for the subsequent passivation.
    Notes: In den beschriebenen Untersuchungen wird der Versuch gemacht, den Mechanismus der Deckschichtbildung bei der kombinierten Oxalsäure-Chromsäurebehandlung won Stahlblechen zu analysieren und die nach diesem Verfahren erreichte besonders gute Korrosionsschutzwirkung zu deuten. Der Mechanismus der Oxalatschichtbildung und ihrer katalytischen Beschleunigung durch das sog. Einarbeitungssalz sowie die Reaktion der Chromsäure mit der Oxalatschicht und mit der Metalloberfläche wird erörtert. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Korrosionsschutzschicht letztlich in einer normalen Passivierung der Metalloberfläche durch die Chromsäure entsteht. Die spezifische Wirkung der Oxalsäurevorbehandlung beruht nicht auf einer direkten Beteiligung am Deckschichtenaufbau, sondern auf einer besonders günstigen Vorbereitung der Oberfläche für die anschließende Passivierung.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19620130106
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodegradation of polyacrylonitrile in solutionPresented at the 9th Canadian High Polymer Forum, Toronto, October 26-28, 1959. (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 3 (1960), S. 206-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ultraviolet photodegradation of polyacrylonitrile was studied at 25°C. with irradiation with light of wavelength 2537 A. Polymer dissolved in a 80%/20% mixture by weight of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate was irradiated. Preliminary experiments indicated that in the presence of oxygen predominantly chain scission takes place, whereas in its absence chain scission and recombination of radicals seem to occur. There is also a dark reaction which proceeds for appreciable periods of time after exposure. Quantitative studies were performed in vacuo at 25°C. in the ethylene carbonate-propylene carbonate mixture as solvent. Degradation was followed by determining intrinsic viscosities as a function of time at various light intensities. The quantum yield was found to be 7.7 × 10-4 chain scissions for each quantum absorbed under the given experimental conditions. Infrared spectra of original and irradiated polymer samples indicate that there is no change in the overall structure of the polymer chains. The experimental results can be satisfactorily represented by the theory of random breaking of bonds assuming that the rate of breaking bonds is proportional to the number of bonds present at any time t and to the light intensity. The experimental rate constants derived on the basis of the random theory were actually found to be linearly dependent on the light intensity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070030810
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodegradation in solution (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 4 (1960), S. 253-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070041126
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution properties of diethylacetamide cellulose xanthate in dimethyl sulfoxideThis paper is a portion of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of The Institute of Paper Chemistry for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Lawrence College, Appleton, Wis., June, 1960. The work was carried out under the direction of Kyle Ward, Jr. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 641-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Light-scattering and viscosity measurements were obtained for seven fractions of the diethylacetamide derivative of cellulose xanthate (DAX) in 90% dimethyl sulfoxide. The degree of substitution (D.S.) range represented by the samples was 0.4 to 1.22; the molecular weight range was 112,000 to 446,000. The following empirical equation between the intrinsic viscosity and D.P.w was found: [η] = (5.63 - 3.35 D.S.) × 10-3 D.P.w. As reflected by the km- D.S. plot, the Martin constants, and the configuration parameters, it was apparent that the low D.S. derivatives are considerably more extended in solution than high D.S. derivatives of the same chain length. Under such conditions, it is apparent that solvent-polymer interaction has assumed an important role in determining the polymer configuration. The behavior of the DAX molecule in solution was found to be strikingly similar to that of other cellulose derivatives. Hydrodynamic considerations revealed that the behavior in solution appears to approach that of the more flexible synthetic polymers at D.S. levels above 0.9 and molecular weights above 400,000.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051805
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of carbon black on thermal antioxidants for polyethylene (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1 (1959), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: About 3% by weight of carbon black adequately protects polyethylene against photo-oxidation and, under accelerated test conditions, slightly inhibits thermal oxidation. As a rule small amounts of organic antioxidants are also added to the polymer for optimum protection. Now many of the common phenolic and amine additives have been found to function much less effectively in polyethylene containing carbon black than in clear polymer. Loss of effectiveness is attributed to adsorption and/or decomposition of the antioxidant by both basic and acidic carbon black.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070010107
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A viscosity-molecular weight relationship for polydimethylsiloxanes (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relationship of intrinsic viscosity [η] to the weight-average molecular weight M̄w of polydimethylsiloxane in toluene at 25°C. has been determined. The modified Staudinger equation, [η] = KM̄wa, with K = 2.43 × 10-5 and a = 0.84, describes the relationship for the above polymers in the range of weight-average molecular weight from 18,900 to 124,500 (as determined by light-scattering measurements). These constants differ from the values reported by Barry, where K = 2 × 10-4 and a = 0.66 were obtained. The difference is attributed to the fact that Barry dealt with number-average rather than weight-average molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051404
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