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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (4)
  • 1965-1969  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 2051-2066 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dilute solution viscosity and osmotic pressure measurements were performed on polystyrene (PS), polybutadiene (PB), polystyrene-polybutadiene (SB) diblock and polystyrene-polybutadiene (SBS) triblock copolymers. Anionic polymerization was used in such a way that the molecular weight of the PS block was kept constant (ca. 10 000), while the molecular weight of the PB block varied from 18000 to 450000. The measurements were carried out at a fixed temperature of 34.20°C in three solvents, namely toluene, a good solvent for PS as well as for PB, dioxane, which is a good solvent for PS and almost a theta solvent for PB, and cyclohexane, which is nearly a theta solvent for PS and a good solvent for PB. The compositions of SB and SBS, as derived from kinetic data agree with ultraviolet measurements in CHCl3 solutions. The viscosity and osmotic pressure results indicate that the properties of SB and SBS are similar. Their intrinsic viscosities and second virial coefficients can be calculated from their chemical compositions, molecular weight, properties of parent polymers, and values of the interaction parameter \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\bar \beta _{{\rm SB}}$\end{document} between styrene and butadiene units, for molecular weights not exceeding approximately 105. The magnitude of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\bar \beta _{{\rm SB}} $\end{document} varies with the solvent. The results suggest that the domains of the PS and PB blocks overlap to a great extent.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 853-874 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In earlier work we have indicated a superposition principle for moderately concentrated mixtures (c ≲ 2/[η]) in good and poor solvents. By an examination of data on a number of vinyl polymers and cellulose derivatives in good as well as poor solvents, the validity of this principle is extended to concentrated solutions (c ≲ 50%). The characteristic concentration factor γ is proportional to M-a1 over the whole concentration range, with 0.47 ≤ a1 ≤ 1.10 being larger for good than for poor solvents, the result obtained earlier. Significant deviations from this relationship are noted in good solvents for those low molecular weights at which deviations from the usual intrinsic viscosity relationship occur. This may be related to the expansion factor of the polymer coil. On the basis of these results, the concentration and molecular weight dependence of the viscosity in the concentrated solution can be related to each other in terms of the parameter a1 and thus to thermodynamic characteristics. In this manner a bridge between the relatively dilute and concentrated regions is established. Currently used semiempirical expressions are analyzed in terms of these results. For the polystyrene-cyclohexane systems and θ - 9 ≦ T ≦ θ + 3, γ can be identified with the critical concentration for phase separation. Provided an “entanglement” concentration ce exists, in the neighbourhood of which the concentration dependence of the viscosity changes reapidly, γ can alternatively be shown to be proportional to ce, or ce ∝ M-a1. The temperature reduction scheme suggested earlier remains to be investigated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1455-1473 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Length-temperature measurements on a series of polymer blends over the whole range of composition from pure polyethylene to pure polypropylene and one set of determinations on a 50:50 copolymer and on polystyrene are evaluated. The total crystallinity of the samples did not exceed 54%. The experimental procedure utilized a linear variable differential transformer without the use of a confining fluid, and the temperature ranged from about +20 to -185°C. A least-square numerical differentiation procedure based on moving arcs is applied to yield directly the coefficients of thermal expansion as a function of temperature. The linear voltage differential transformer (LVDT) technique can detect transitions in which the change in thermal expansion coefficients is less than 10-5°C.-1. In polypropylene as well as the blends, the principal glass transition is clearly seen in the range observed by others, namely at about -9 to -14°C. Its location varies only slightly with composition at polyethylene contents less than 88 mole-%. For polyethylene the transition region broadens noticeably. The results are suggestive of two transitions for 0 〉 T 〉 -40°C. A second transition region is observed for either pure component around -126°C. Its location varies some what with composition. However, our results do not indicate the appearance of an additional transition region characteristic of the mixture. The copolymer exhibits a major transition at -61°C. in good agreement with earlier workers. The thermal expansion decreases again around -150°C. In general our observations concerning transitions below Tg are consistent with dynamic results.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 117 (1968), S. 94-116 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Viskositäts- und NMR-Untersuchungen von Poly(1-vinylnaphthalin) (P1VN), Poly-(2-vinylnaphthalin) (P2VN), und Poly(vinylbiphenyl) (PVB) wurden als Funktion der Temperatur und des Molekulargewichtes ausgeführt. Bei diesen Polymeren sowie beim Polystyrol werden zwei Übergangsbereiche bei ca. 20 und 50°C mittels Viskositätsmessungen bei endlichen Konzentrationen gefunden. In unendlich verdünnter Lösung beobachten wir nur für P2VN, (t = 45°C) ein Übergangsintervall. Aus der Abhängigkeit der Viskositätszahl [η] von der Temperatur und dem Molekulargewicht wurden der Konformationsparameter σ = (〈r2Θ〉/〈r2of〉)1/2, die Weitbereichs-Wechselwirkungsgröße B und ihre Temperaturabhängigkeit erhalten. In P1VN und P2VN ist dσ/dT 〈 0, während in PVB dσ/dT 〉 0. Bei t = 30°C ist σ eine lineare Funktion des Volumens der Seitengruppe. Die Übergangstemperatur in bezug auf Viskosität und NMR ist in der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Größe B nicht bemerkbar. Während für P2VN und PVB dB/dT 〈 0 ist, gilt das Umgekehrte für das teilweise kristalline P1VN. Die NMR-Experimente mit P2VN-Lösungen ergeben durch Extrapolation zu 100% an Polymerem eine Aktivierungsenergie von E = 23 ± 4 kcal/mol und deuten so auf eine stark behinderte Beweglichkeit. Das Über-gangsintervall hängt mit Bewegungen der Hauptkette zusammen.
    Notes: Viscosity and NMR studies of poly-1-vinylnaphthalene, (PIVN), poly-2-vinylnaphthalene, (P2VN), and poly-vinylbiphenyl, (PVB) solutions were carried out over a range of temperatures and molecular weights. For these polymers as well as polystyrene the viscosities at finite concentrations indicate two transition regions at about 20 and 50°C. At infinite dilution no transitions were observable except for P2VN, where a transition region around 45°C was noted. From the temperature and molecular weight dependence of [η], the conformational parameter σ = (〈r2Θ〉/〈r2of〉)1/2, interaction parameter B and their temperature dependence are obtained. For P1VN and P2VN, dσ/dT 〈 0, whereas the opposite holds for PVB. At 30°C, σ is a linear function of the volume of the pendant group. The transition observed by viscosity and NMR is not reflected in B. For P2VN and PVB dB/dT 〈 0. For P1VN which was found to be partially crystalline, dB/dT 〉 0. From the NMR studies of P2VN solutions the activation energy of the main transition at 50° is calculated as E = 23 ± 4 kcal/mole for 100% polymer, indicating strong hindrance of motions. The transition has been ascribed to motions of the backbone chain.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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