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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1977-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0364-152X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1009
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Ecosystems 15 (2012): 848-866, doi:10.1007/s10021-012-9551-1.
    Description: Mangrove wetland restoration and creation efforts are increasingly proposed as mechanisms to compensate for mangrove wetland losses. However, ecosystem development and functional equivalence in restored and created mangrove wetlands are poorly understood. We compared a 20-year chronosequence of created tidal wetland sites in Tampa Bay, Florida (USA) to natural reference mangrove wetlands. Across the chronosequence, our sites represent the succession from salt marsh to mangrove forest communities. Our results identify important soil and plant structural differences between the created and natural reference wetland sites; however, they also depict a positive developmental trajectory for the created wetland sites that reflects tightly coupled plant-soil development. Because upland soils and/or dredge spoils were used to create the new mangrove habitats, the soils at younger created sites and at lower depths (10–30 cm) had higher bulk densities, higher sand content, lower soil organic matter (SOM), lower total carbon (TC), and lower total nitrogen (TN) than did natural reference wetland soils. However, in the upper soil layer (0–10 cm), SOM, TC, and TN increased with created wetland site age simultaneously with mangrove forest growth. The rate of created wetland soil C accumulation was comparable to literature values for natural mangrove wetlands. Notably, the time to equivalence for the upper soil layer of created mangrove wetlands appears to be faster than for many other wetland ecosystem types. Collectively, our findings characterize the rate and trajectory of above- and below-ground changes associated with ecosystem development in created mangrove wetlands; this is valuable information for environmental managers planning to sustain existing mangrove wetlands or mitigate for mangrove wetland losses.
    Keywords: Functional equivalency ; Carbon accumulation ; Succession ; Facilitation ; Wetland restoration ; Wetland creation ; Mangrove forest ; Salt marsh ; Tampa Bay Florida
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 303-308 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42B20 ; 42B30 ; Hardy spaces ; Calderon-Zygmund singular integral operator ; multipliers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Calderón-Zygmund singular integral operators have been extensively studied for almost half a century. This paper provides a context for and proof of the following result: If a Calderón-Zygmund convolution singular integral operator is bounded on the Hardy space H1 (Rn), then the homogeneous of degree zero kernel is in the Hardy space H1(Sn−1) on the sphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 54 (1992), S. 209-218 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Eukaryotic microalgae ; Macroalgae ; Natural products ; Screening ; Pharmaceuticals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An algae screening program, including cultured macroalgae, cultured cyanobacteria and cultured eukaryotic microalgae has been undertaken. Methods for the isolation, purification, preservation and cultivation of axenic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic cultures have been developed. Screening of these groups for biologically active components has lead to the isolation of pachydictyol and caulerpenyne from cultured macroalgae, while a series of hapalindoles and an antifungal depsipeptide have been isolated from cyanobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 70 (1995), S. 47-72 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Bilevel programming ; Nonlinear nonconvex ; Nondifferentiable optimization ; Economic planning ; Sensitivity analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with general nonlinear nonconvex bilevel programming problems (BLPP). We derive necessary and sufficient conditions at a local solution and investigate the stability and sensitivity analysis at a local solution in the BLPP. We then explore an approach in which a bundle method is used in the upper-level problem with subgradient information from the lower-level problem. Two algorithms are proposed to solve the general nonlinear BLPP and are shown to converge to regular points of the BLPP under appropriate conditions. The theoretical analysis conducted in this paper seems to indicate that a sensitivity-based approach is rather promising for solving general nonlinear BLPP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 23 (1974), S. 13-27 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Gesamtozongehalt kann auf globaler Basis täglich von Satelliten aus gemessen werden, die die Erde umkreisen. Solche Messungen wurden durch den Nimbus-III-Satelliten durchgeführt. Ein Vergleich der zeitlichen und longitudinalen Veränderlichkeit der von der Stratosphäre emittierten langwelligen Strahlung in 60° südlicher Breite mit dem Gesamtozongehalt zeigte, daß niedrige (hohe) Strahlungswerte gut mit niedrigen (hohen) Gesamtozonwerten übereinstimmen. Die Phasengeschwindigkeit der nach Osten wandernden “Ozonwellen” ist in der Winterhemisphäre am größten. Die Ostwärtsbewegung nimmt gegen niedere Breiten der Winterhalbkugel ab. In äquatorialen Breiten scheinen sich die Wellen langsam gegen Westen zu bewegen. Im Sommer der Nordhemisphäre wandern die Wellen langsam gegen Osten. Die Intensität der “Ozonwellen” ändert sich ebenfalls mit der geographische Breite. Die zeitlichen und räumlichen Änderungen im Gesamtozongehalt sind hauptsächlich an die Bewegungen troposphärischer Drucksysteme geknüpft. Die starken, horizontalen Ozongradienten, welche häufig in der Winterhemisphäre beobachtet wperden, hängen mit intensiven baroklinen Zonen in der unteren Stratosphäre und der oberen Troposphäre zusammen, die sich ebenfalls nach Osten hin bewegen. Unter Annahme einer gleichförmigen zonalen Grundströmung konnten in der Ozonverteilung Rossby-Wellen festgestellt werden, deren Wellenlänge zwischen 2500 und 3700 km variierte.
    Notes: Summary With total ozone sensors on earth-orbitung satellites the ozone distribution over the entire earth may be measured daily. The conclusions from some of the Nimbus III measurements are discussed in this paper. A comparison of time-longitude variations of stratospheric radiance values at 60°S with values of the total ozone indicated that low (high) radiance values correspond very closely with the low (high) total ozone amounts. The speed at which these ozone ‘waves’ progress eastward is greatest in the winter hemisphere. The speed of eastward progression decreases as one approaches the lower latitudes in the winter hemisphere. In the equatorial region the progression of the ozone ‘waves’ appears to be slowly westward. In the Northern Hemisphere the waves progress slowly eastward during summer. The intensity of the ozone ‘waves’ was also observed to change with latitude. These temporal and spatial fluctuations are related mainly to the motion of dynamic tropospheric systems. The extremely tight ozone gradients, which may be seen in the winter hemisphere data, have been shown to be associated with strong baroclinic zones in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, which are moving eastward. Assuming uniform zonal velocity we found Rossby wavelengths that varied from 2500 to 3700 km.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Keywords: Nanocomposites ; poly(methyl acrylate) ; elastomers ; silica ; mechanical properties ; reinforcement ; organic-inorganic hybrid materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In an earlier investigation, poly(methyl acrylate) nanocomposites containing silica particles were found to have novel optical properties when the particles were regularly spaced rather than randomly located. The availability of these materials was used to determine whether there was any difference in the particles' reinforcing ability between ordered and random arrangements. The two types of composites were compared using near-equilibrium mechanical property measurements in uniaxial or equi-biaxial deformation, and dynamic mechanical properties measurements. It was found that having the filler particles regularly arranged had little effect on these properties, and that there was no anisotropy in their mechanical behavior. Related experiments could possibly be used to clarify the long-standing question of the importance of particle aggregation in elastomer reinforcement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 37-42 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; Delia antiqua ; onion fly ; oviposition ; soil temperature ; air temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La température du sol est réglée, dans les pondoirs de D. antiqua, par un thermoblock, tandis que toutes les autres variables, associées au succédané d'oignon servant de stimulus de ponte, sont maintenues constantes. Une relation causale entre température du sol et activité de ponte est mise en évidence. Quand il y a choix entre des substrats de ponte à 5, 15, 22, 30 et 40°C, avec une température de l'air de 22°C, les mouches pondent surtout dans le substrat à 22°C. L'optimum thermique est de 20°C quand la température de l'air est abaissée à 15°C. La ponte n'est que de 50 œufs quand la température de l'air est portée à 30°C, contre respectivement 454 et 1128 œufs à 22 et 15°C. Ainsi, une température de l'air de 30°C paraît proche de la limite supérieure de l'activité de ponte de D. antiqua. Le nombre de mouches observées sur le substrat (toutes les 15 min.) ne varie pas significativement quand la température du substrat est entre 15 et 40°C. La gamme de températures provoquant la fixation sur le substrat est plus large que celle des températures provoquant une ponte importante. L'optimum de 20°C correspond bien aux températures favorables à la survie et à la croissance de D. antiqua. Ce travail montre l'effet important de facteurs abiotiques sur l'acceptation de la plante-hôte.
    Notes: Abstract A direct causal relationship was demonstrated between soil temperature and insect ovipositional propensity. When ovipositional substrates (soils) at 5, 15, 22, 30, 35, and 40°C were presented in multiple treatment (‘choice’) tests with air temperature at 15 or 22°C, onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), laid the most eggs in the 22°C substrate. Only 50 eggs were laid when air temperature was increased to 30°C, as compared to 454 and 1128 eggs at 22 and 15°C, respectively. Thus, an air temperature of 30°C appears to be near the upper limit of onion fly ovipositional activity. The numbers of flies observed (counts taken every 15 min) on substrates ranging from 15 to 40°C were not significantly different. Reduced alightment/arrestment does not explain reduced oviposition on the warmer substrates; however, it may partly explain reduced oviposition on 5°C substrates. The range of substrate temperatures facilitating substantial oviposition was narrower than that eliciting alightment/arrestment on the substrate. The ca. 20°C ovipositional optimum corresponds well with temperatures favoring egg survival and development.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Nonmetallic sheathed cable assemblies are commonplace throughout the electrical construction industry. The maximum current and ambient temperatures to which these cables can be exposed are listed in NFPA 70, National Electrical Code® (NEC)®. Laboratory test data presented here show the effects of exceeding these limits. Properties of the insulation materials in a standard cable assembly are evaluated using simultaneous thermal analysis (thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)) coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (STA/FTIR). Cable temperature under actual-use conditions is presented as a function of load current. Insulation resistance measurements of heated cable are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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