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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (14)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (2)
  • 1965-1969  (15)
  • 1890-1899  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two new gregarinidaContributions from the Zoölogical Laboratory of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, under the direction of E. L. Mark, No. LXXXII. (1897)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 14 (1897), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050140102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer degradation. V. Changes in molecular weight distributions during sonic irradiation of polyisobuteneProd. No. 1470 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Gel permeation chromatography was used to follow changes in the molecular weight distribution of a polyisobutene, initial Mv = 466,000, during degradation induced by sonic irradiation. Seven samples taken at times of 200-163,500 sec. were studied. In general, a steady decrease in molecular weight was observed, although a bimodal distribution was present after 20,000 sec. irradiation. Various measures of inhomogeneity, Mw/Mn, U, etc., were examined. The function, σn/Mw, where σn is the standard deviation of the number distribution, is considered as a measure of the relative distribution. It is shown to be almost constant throughout the degradation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of block and random ethylene-propylene copolymers by differential thermal analysisPresented in part before the Division of Polymer Chemistry, 148th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, August 30-September 4, 1964. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3061-3069 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A group of C14-tagged ethylene and propylene polymers consisting of physical mixtures of homopolymers, block copolymers made up of two homopolymer sequences, and block copolymers made up of several homopolymer segments has been studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effect of randomness in copolymers has also been studied in this set of systems, which contains 0-51 wt.-% ethylene. Block copolymers and physical mixtures have been found to have thermograms with endothermal minima at approximately 138 and 163°C. The ratio of heights of the two minima has been found to be a function of the ethylene and propylene content for mixtures of homopolymers and for block copolymers without randomness. DTA thus provides an analysis for monomer ratios in physical mixtures and in block copolymers of ethylene and propylene. The cooling thermograms of block copolymers have been demonstrated to have two exotherms in all cases where the block ethylene content exceeded 10%; the propylene limit was not fixed. Mixed homopolymers do not exhibit two freezing exotherms. The total heat of fusion of the polymer has been found to be a usable measure of chain randomness and block nature. The conditions for observation of single and multiple transitions have been extended.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090912
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part V. Determination of degree of chemical crosslinking of natural rubber gum vulcanizate networks (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2215-2226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A general treatment is given of the methods to be used in other parts of this series for calculating the degree of chemical crosslinking in natural rubber vulcanizates from stress-strain measurements in extension and from equilibrium volume swelling measurements. Corrections are required for the presence in the vulcanizate of appreciable quantities of particulate solids or soluble diluents and for the introduction of foreign atoms into the rubber network. For this purpose distinction is made between the rubber vulcanizate, the rubber matrix, the rubber network, and the rubber hydrocarbon component of the network. Expressions are derived, in terms of these concepts, for the Money-Rivlin parameter, C1, measured on vulcanizates which have undergone various treatments.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial polymerization of n-alkyl α-cyanoacrylate homologs (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1617-1623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The n-alkyl α-cyanoacrylates from methyl through n-octyl exhibit a reverse order of polymerization rate on biological substrates compared to that on water. On water, the lower homologs spread and polymerize rapidly, whereas the higher homologs spread but polymerize slowly. On biological substrates, the lower homologs do not spread or spread slightly and the higher homologs exhibit large spreadabilities and very rapid polymerization rates. Determination of the spreading coefficients for these systems by using the monomers or model compounds confirm the observed spreadabilities. It is proposed that the increased rate of polymerization of the higher homologs on biological substrates may be due to increased catalyst concentrations on these surfaces or to the solubilization of the higher homologs at the interface, making the catalyst sites more available to the monomer. The suggestion is made that if the liquid monomers spread and orient on the substrate and subsequently polymerize, the polymers will maintain the orientation. If such is the case, a technique is available for preparing stereospecific vinyl polymers which may have different spatial configurations depending on the polarity of the liquid substrate upon which they have been allowed to spread and polymerize.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101101
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part VIII. The N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide-accelerated sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber at 140-180°C. and of synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene at 140°C (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2271-2283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Vulcanization of natural rubber at 140°C. with a CBS-accelerated sulfur system of conventional type gives rise to a structurally complex network in which the number of sulfur atoms combined per chemical crosslink present increases from 12 to 21 with increasing reaction time. The complexity of the network increases with increasing temperature of vulcanization. Crosslinking of a purified synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene proceeds more slowly and yields a slightly more complex network. Despite this overall similarity the natural rubber vulcanizates exhibit considerably higher tensile strengths.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111114
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part VII. The N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide-accelerated natural rubber-sulfur system (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2255-2269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crosslinking efficiency of sulfur in the vulcanization system comprising (in parts by weight) natural rubber (100), sulfur (1.5), N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (2.37), zinc oxide (5), and lauric acid (1-10) is relatively insensitive to the lauric acid concentration and to the temperature of vulcanization (between 100 and 140°C.). The networks formed contain initially 8-11 combined sulfur atoms per chemical crosslink present, but this number falls progressively to about 4 as the reaction proceeds. The results are consistent with the intermediate formation of a rubber-soluble complex of cyclohexylamine with zinc benzothiazolyl mercaptide. This complex is believed to be responsible also for the further slow crosslinking which the vulcanizates undergo on standing at room temperature.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity of polystyrene near the glass transition (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2427-2437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A quantitative explanation is given for the apparent viscosity increase with increasing capillary shear rate for polystyrene at temperatures approaching the glass transition, Tg. Possible shifts in Tg as a function of the parameters shear rate, frequency, and pressure are interrelated to viscosity changes. Experimentally, the Instron capillary rheometer and the Weissenberg rheogoniometer provided a means for uncoupling the variables for individual consideration. Calculated and experimental data for the apparent viscosity as a function of the given parameters are presented and discussed. The explanation of the apparent viscosity increase in capillary flow can be quantitatively explained through the pressure dependence of Tg. Brief mention is made of the pressure effects on the Bagley and Rabinowitsch corrections normally made in capillary measurements.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131116
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part VI. The 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-accelerated natural rubber-sulfur system (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2227-2253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crosslinking efficiency of sulfur in the vulcanization of natural rubber in the presence of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, zinc oxide, and lauric acid has been determined as a function of cure time, cure temperature, and lauric acid concentration. With a low concentration of lauric acid structurally complex networks are formed, which contain 11-19 combined sulfur atoms per chemical crosslink present. The complexity increases with time of vulcanization. With a high lauric acid concentration much simpler networks are formed, which become progressively more simple as reaction proceeds (6 network-combined sulfur atoms per chemical crosslink, decreasing to 2.4 with time). Increasing the cure temperature from 100 to 140°C. reduces the efficiency of crosslinking in both cases. The changes in efficiency are attributed to the influences of the reaction variables (in particular, the concentration of rubber-soluble complexes of the zinc laurate with zinc benzothiazolyl mercaptide) on the structure and subsequent reactions of initially formed polysulfidic crosslinks.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subunits of immunoglobulins and their relationship to antibody specificityResearch sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Medical Research Council, London. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 67 (1966), S. 51-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Subunits of immunoglobulins have been prepared by two methods, both of which have contributed to our knowledge of the structural basis of antibody specificity. The first method is enzymic hydrolysis with either papain or pepsin and leads to the unequivocal conclusion that each combining site is contained in a fragment (Fab) of about 45,000 molecular weight and formed from the light chain and the N-terminal half of the heavy chain, the Fd fragment. The second method of preparing subunits is to reduce the interchain disulfide bonds and to isolate the chains. This should decide whether the combining site is in the Fd fragment, the light chain, or is formed jointly by both. In fact, considerable loss of affinity for the antigen follows, whatever technique is used to dissociate the peptide chains and, although many papers have been published on this subject, no definite answer has yet been obtained. Although the majority opinion probably favors the view that both chains are concerned in the formation of the combining site, our tentative conclusion is that the site is placed entirely in the heavy chain and that the light chain has only a semispecific role in facilitating the reformation of the native configuration of the heavy chain after its disruption under the conditions necessary for dissociation of the two chains.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040670407
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