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  • Elsevier  (55)
  • Wiley  (43)
  • Springer  (14)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1965-1969  (70)
  • 1960-1964  (40)
  • 1935-1939  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Papers in regional science 13 (1964), S. 146-163 
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Papers in regional science 21 (1968), S. 205-227 
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Conclusions A general field theory, made operational through multivariate analysis, very obviously provides a powerful way of analyzing spatial structure, spatial behavior, and their interdependencies. The essential link is provided by dyadic representation of interaction potentials in structural space, thus drawing into the theory the social physicists' preoccupation with potentials and providing a multivariate generalization of it. With interdependencies established, the next step is obviously to look for generating mechanisms, and the first steps of Friedmann (6) and Pred (8) should be noted. A further avenue of exploration is that of system change and diffusion processes, and here the interaction potentials provide a relevant field for operation of diffusion mechanisms (9). Most generally, of course, the field theory provides a general format for concept building and testing in any situation where connections are sought between interactional and structural data.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 8 (1969), S. 221-225 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Angeblich sei es angebracht, die nach stetiger Kreisscherung einer Polymerschmelze eintretende Spannungsrelaxation in einemWeissenberg-Rheogoniometer zu bestimmen. Es heißt, für diesen Zweck könne die Umdrehung innerhalb 10 Millisekunden beendet werden. Sorgfältige Versuche haben jedoch gezeigt, daß keine der zwei Behauptungen zutrifft. Die Hauptwelle des Rheogoniometers wird von einer Kupplungsscheibe, die mittels eines Elektromagnets mit einer Antriebsscheibe in engem Kontakt gehalten wird, angetrieben. Das Abbremsen findet infolge des Einschaltens einer in ähnlicher Weise betätigten Reibungsscheibe, die mit dem Gehäuse des Apparates unbeweglich verbunden ist, statt. Der Zeitverlust zwischen dem Moment des Ausschaltens der Antriebsscheibe und des Einschaltens der Bremsscheibe hängt von der Drehgeschwindigkeit des Schalters ab. Die Ersetzung des Drehschalters durch einen Kniehebelschalter eliminiert diese Abhängigkeit: Bremszeiten von weniger als 10 Millisekunden wurden somit wiederholt erzielt. Im Rheogoniometer wird die Scherspannung in der Gestalt des Ausschlages einer Welle gemessen. Nach einer stetigen Scherung wird die Welle aus ihrer Ruhelage gedreht und die beobachteten Spannungsrelaxationserscheinungen entsprechen der Bewegung der Torsionswelle. Die Spannungsrelaxation findet also nicht unter konstanten Begrenzungen statt wie es die Theorie bedingt; eine einfache Berechnung auf Grund der Scheibenbewegung-Zeitfunktion zeigt das „Ungleich-Null“ — Schergeschwindigkeitsgefälle an. Unbeweglich im System sind der stillstehende Konus und der obere Teil der Torsionswelle. Es wird also das Relaxationsverhalten von der Wellenkonstante beeinflußt, wie es mittels des Versuches mit einer elastoviskosen Flüssigkeit veranschaulicht wurde. Bei einer Newtonschen Flüssigkeit benimmt sich das System wie ein drehendesMaxwell-Element, worin die Zeitkonstante von der Viskosität der Flüssigkeit und der Elastizitätskonstante der Torsionswelle bestimmt wird.
    Notes: Summary It has been suggested that stress relaxation after steady rotational shear flow of a polymer melt can be conveniently studied in theWeissenberg Rheogoniometer. To carry out such experiments, it is claimed that rotation can be stopped in a time interval of less than 10 milliseconds. Careful experiments reveal that neither of these statements is correct. The drive to the main spindle of the Rheogoniometer is effected through a clutch disc held in close contact with a driving plate by means of a magnetic coil. Braking is effected by a similar friction disc and coil attached to the body of the apparatus. With the standard rotary switch the time interval between deenergising the drive coil and energising the brake coil is arbitrarily determined by the speed of rotation of the switch. The replacement of the rotary by a toggle switch eliminates this variation and gives a reproducible time of braking of less than 10 milliseconds. In the Rheogoniometer the shear stress is determined by the deflection of a torsion bar. After steady shearing, the bar is displaced from its mean position, and the “stress” relaxation characteristics which are observed correspond to the changing position of the torsion bar. Consequently the relaxation of stress in the system does not occur under conditions of fixed boundaries as demanded by the theory, and the non-zero rate of shear can be readily obtained from the plate displacement-time relation. The fixed points in the system are the stationary cone and the top of the torsion bar. Hence the bar constant influences the relaxation behaviour, as has been demonstrated experimentally with an elastoviscous fluid. With aNewtonian fluid, the system behaves as a rotaryMaxwell element, with a time constant determined by the viscosity of the fluid and the elastic constant of the torsion bar.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 114 (1938), S. 358-360 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 27 (1967), S. 303-313 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 4 (1965), S. 262-265 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary The flow of decorative paints should be capable of prediction from a rheological study of the paint. By taking into consideration the loss of solvent from a film during the early drying stages, a good estimation of its flow properties in relatively high film thicknesses can be obtained. Compensation for loss of solvent during drying can be made for arbitrary drying conditions which eliminate much of the complications of testing films under practical conditions. This technique is generally applicable to brushing systems where only loss of solvent is expected to occur during the period of time in which flow takes place, and cannot be applied to systems in which other changes might occur. Factors affecting the rate of change of flow with film thickness have not been studied, although the technique described may be capable of extension in this field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Papers in regional science 9 (1962), S. 65-106 
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Summary Central place theory is the theory pertaining to the spatial aspects of retail and service business. Among these spatial aspects are the location and groupings of central functions, the consequent size and spacing of central places, consumer travel behavior, and the size, shape, and arrangement of trade areas. This paper has attempted to view these aspects in their interdependence at both the aggregate and elemental levels of inquiry, and to present some theoretical implications of the findings. Of interest are the recognition that the basic requirements of the theory (thresholds and ranges) are satisfied in the Iowa case, and the verification of the major postulate of the theory (the hierarchy). While the spatial pattern of centers conforms to a particular set of location principles (the principles of transportation), the nesting of trade areas does not, due to the importance of the information content of central places (number of central functions performed) in consumers' shopping and travel be havior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 15 (1967), S. 385-399 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The daily sums of global radiation of wavelengths below 345 nm can be directly integrated by means of thin platelets of an easily obtainable acrylic plastic, Plexiglas, type G [abbr. P (G)] of 0.03 inch thickness. The optical density changes of P (G) in the spectral range between approximately 340 and 390 nm are proportional to the UV-doses and can be measured with simple densitometric instruments. Various physical and phototropic properties of P (G) were tested, in particular the dependence of the photodegradation on temperature. This temperature effect is removed by reduction of the measurements to 45° C; for this purpose a formula containing an empirically determined temperature coefficient is given in which the maximum air temperature during irradiation is used. The P (G)-platelets were calibrated by means of a standard irradiance source, and the calibration factor was determined. The error sources and the accuracy of the UV-doses under various conditions of measurement are analyzed.
    Abstract: Résumé Il est possible d'intégrer directement les sommes journalières du rayonnement global ayant une longueur d'onde de moins de 345 nm. Pour ce faire, on utilise des lames minces (0,8 mm d'épaisseur) d'une substance synthétique du commerce: le Pléxiglas Type G [abrégé par P (G)]. Les modifications de la densité optique du P (G) sont, dans les lignes spectrales comprises entre 340 et 390 nm proportionnelles aux doses d'ultra-violets reçues. Elles peuvent être mesurées au moyen d'un densitomètre simple. On a examiné différentes propriétés physiques et phototropiques du P (G), en particulier la relation existant entre sa dégradation et la température. L'influence de la température peut alors être éliminée par une réduction à 45° C des valeurs mesurées. Pour ce faire, on utilise une formule contenant un coefficient de température déterminé empiriquement. Le maximum des températures de l'air atteint durant l'exposition entre également dans la dite formule. Les lames de P (G) ont été étalonnées au moyen d'une source de rayonnement normale et on en a déduit un facteur d'étalonnage. On analyse enfin les sources d'erreurs et la précision des doses d'ultra-violets recueillies dans diverses conditions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Tagessummen der Globalstrahlung von Wellenlängen unter 345 nm können mit dünnen Plättchen eines leicht erhältlichen Harzkunststoffes, Plexiglas, Typ G [Abk. P (G)] von 0,8 mm Dicke direkt integriert werden. Die optischen Dichteänderungen des P (G) im Spektralbereich zwischen etwa 340 und 390 nm sind den UV-Dosen proportional und können mittels einfacher densitometrischer Apparate gemessen werden. Verschiedene physikalische und phototropische Eigenschaften des P (G) wurden geprüft, insbesondere die Abhängigkeit der Photodegradierung von der Temperatur. Der Temperatureinfluß wird durch Reduktion der Meßwerte auf 45° C ausgeschaltet; hierzu dient eine Formel mit einem empirisch bestimmten Temperaturkoeffizienten, in welcher die während der Bestrahlung erreichte maximale Lufttemperatur benützt wird. Die P (G)-Plättchen wurden mittels einer Normalstrahlungsquelle geeicht und damit wurde der Eichfaktor bestimmt. Die Fehlerquellen und die Genauigkeit der unter verschiedenen Bedingungen gemessenen UV-Dosen werden analysiert.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Synthese 〈Dordrecht〉 19 (1968), S. 215-249 
    ISSN: 1573-0964
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1969-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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