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  • Articles  (506)
  • Physics  (506)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • COMMUNICATIONS
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • 1970-1974  (296)
  • 1965-1969  (210)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal coordinate analysis of cis-1,4-polybutadiene (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 12 (1974), S. 445-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The fundamental vibrational frequencies of an isolated chain of cis-1,4-polybutadiene have been calculated. Infrared and polarized Raman data are used in the force constant refinement routine. The assignments of the vibrational frequencies are discussed in terms of the potential energy distribution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.180120301
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer latexesPresented at the 8th Great Lakes Regional Meeting, American Chemical Society, West Lafayette, Indiana, June 3-5, 1974. (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 2683-2692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acrylonitrile (AN) was graft-polymerized onto gelatinized cationic starch (CS) possessing diethylaminoethyl ether groups by cerium (IV) initiation to give stable latexlike copolymer dispersions. Dispersions of the latex copolymers, having up to 50% grafted polyacrylonitrile (PAN), air- and heat-dry on glass to clear, adhesive films. Sonification of up to 8% dispersions at 20 Khz reduced their viscosities from 1500-3000 cP to 15-40 cP. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that both nonsonified and sonified dispersions consist of ball-like particles measuring about 0.05-0.15 μ in diameter when dry. The films are formed by coalescence of these particles. The degree to which AN grafts onto CS at ambient temperature is related to the nitrogen content of CS, gelatinization time of CS at 95°C, sequence of AN and cerium(IV) addition, concentration of cerium (IV), concentration of AN, and severity of reaction agitation. Number-average molecular weight values of PAN were about 106 when grafting was conducted under stirring and about 5 × 105 when conducted under shaking action.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170121122
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organometallic polymers. XXV. Preparation of polyvinylferrocene (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 1213-1224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthetic details of solution polymerization in benzene and bulk polymerization of vinylferrocene are reported. In benzene solutions, with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, small yields of low-polydispersity low molecular weight (M̄n ≃ 5000) polyvinylferrocene is obtained. However, high yields can be obtained by continuous or multiple AIBN addition. Higher molecular weight polymers and binodal polymers can be obtained as the monomer concentration is increased. In bulk polymerizations, yields of 80% can be obtained. The molecular weight increases as temperature decreases from 80 to 60°C in bulk polymerizations, and an increasing amount of insoluble polymer results. The soluble portion is often binodal, the higher molecular weight node consisting of an increasingly branched structure. Lower molecular weight polymer was readily fractionated into narrow fractions from benzene-methanol systems, but higher molecular weight polymer proved impossible to fractionate into narrow fractions due to branching.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170110609
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(arylene sulfones) prepared by friedel-crafts reactions (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 5 (1967), S. 1802-1804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No Abstract
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.150050728
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some rheological properties of molten polypropylene (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 871-883 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The following measurements were carried out on the melts of two samples of polypropylene, one with a narrow and one with a broad molecular weight distribution: viscosity in steady shear flow, dynamic storage and loss moduli, total normal thrust in cone-and-plate apparatus, and flow birefringence. The validity of various theoretical interrelations between the measured quantities is checked. The influence of molecular weight distribution is qualitatively discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160060507
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stereosequence length on crystallization kinetics of propylene oxide polymersPresented to the Division of Polymer Chemistry, 150th American Chemical Society Meeting, Atlantic City, N. J., September 1965. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 715-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Crystallization kinetics of crystalline fractions of propylene oxide polymers made with different catalysts have been studied by isothermal dilatometric and microscopical measurements. Isothermal microscopical measurements indicate that spherulite growth in these polymers proceeds from predetermined nuclei. The half time for spherulitic appearance is less than, but of the same order as, the half time for complete crystallization. Only by taking this factor into account can the dilatometric data be represented by the Avrami equation. The deviation of the crystallization isotherm from that predicted from the microscopical data using the Avrami theory is attributed to a secondary crystallization process taking place within the spherulite. Crystallization continues long after spherulites completely occupy the available volume in the polymer. By assuming that the secondary crystallization proceeds as a first-order process in the uncrystallized, but crystallizable, portions of the melt, it is shown that the crystallization isotherms can be completely described in terms of four parameters. These are: (1) the time constant for the primary crystallization process; (2) the time constant for nucleation; (3) the time constant for the secondary crystallization process, and (4) the extent of secondary crystallization. The important conclusions of these studies are: the rates of nucleation and of spherulitic growth are far more dependent on temperature than on stereoregularity; the ratio of the rate of the secondary crystallization process to that of the primary crystallization process is almost independent of temperature, but increases with increasing stereoregularity of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040505
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the growth rate of spherulites (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 165-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The spherulitic growth data that exist in the literature for a wide diversity of polymers have been analyzed according to various possible nucleation mechanisms. It is demonstrated that, if allowed a reasonable choice for the equilibrium melting temperature, no unbiased selection of a unique nucleation process can be made. Moreover, a set of universal parameters exists for each of the allowable nucleation processes which enables the data to be represented by a single straight line which encompasses all the polymers. The only quantities specific to a given polymer are the equilibrium melting temperature and the activation energy for transport. The magnitude of the latter quantity is shown to be dependent on the glass temperature of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160060109
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization kinetics of dilute polyethylene solutions (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 8 (1970), S. 869-882 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization kinetics of a high molecular weight fraction of linear polyethylene was studied in dilute solutions of p-xylene, n-hexadecane, and decalin by dilatometric methods. For all solvents and temperatures, the experimental isotherms could be quantitatively described by the Avrami formulation for the complete transformation. This result is unique in the realm of polymer crystallization, since marked deviations from this theory are usually observed in more concentrated systems. The Avrami exponent is found to be n = 4 in all cases. The temperature coefficients of the rate constants are indicative of a nucleation controlled process. The data fit either a two-dimensional or three-dimensional nucleation mode, and a discrimination can not be made between these two cases. The interfacial free energies are found to be independent of the solvent medium. It is also shown that, irrespective of the type of nucleation control governing the kinetics, the same type governs the crystallite thickness of the lamella-like crystals that are formed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1970.160080604
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture behavior in nylon 6 fibers (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1415-1445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A reaction rate model of fracture in polymer fibers is described. This model assumes that bond rupture is governed by absolute reaction rate theory with a stress-aided activation energy. It is demonstrated that the key in obtaining good agreement between the model and experiment lies in taking proper account of the variation of stress on the tie-chain molecules. The more taut chains rupture first, and the load is redistributed among the remaining unruptured tie chains. The effect of varying the temperature both in the model and in experiments on fracture in fibers is explored. Good agreement between predictions of the model and experiment is possible only with an undeterstanding of the distribution in stress on the tie chains. The distribution in stress on the chains was experimentally determined by monitoring the kinetics of bond rupture with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Temperature is found to have two effects on macroscopic strength. (1) The thermal energy aids the atomic stress in breaking the atomic bonds; as a consequence the rate of bond rupture of a family of bonds under a given molecular stress is increased. In this respect temperature might be viewed as decreasing the “strength” of a bond. (2) Temperature also serves to “loosen” the molecular structure and in this way modify the distribution in stress on the tie chains. To explain bond rupture and macroscopic fracture behavior quantitatively, account must be taken of both effects.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100802
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EPR studies of mechanically induced bond rupture in elastomersPaper presented at the Symposium on Mechano-Chemistry of Polymers, American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, D. C., September 16, 1971. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 599-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to compute the surface bond rupture density in polyurethane and to determine the phase experiencing fracture in styrene-butadiene block copolymers when these elastomers are subjected to mechanical degradation by grinding. The polyurethane grinding was done at temperatures above and below the glass transition Tg; 0.155 × 1013 radicals/cm2 of fracture surface area were formed above the Tg and 4.42 × 1013 radicals/cm2 for grinding below the Tg. These values are essentially equal to those found earlier for spherulitic polymers. In all cases the fracture appears able to progress along preferential paths so as to rupture significantly fewer molecular chains than one would expect on the basis of calculations of the number of chains passing through each square centimeter of cross section. Comparison of EPR spectra formed by grinding styrene-butadiene copolymer with those of styrene and butadiene above indicated that at cryogenic temperature, the fracture in the copolymer takes place in the butadiene phase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100403
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